超富集植物研究新进展

综述了超富集植物概念和判断标准的演变过程.在植物修复中，生物学特性、土壤环境和营养状况都影响到超富集植物对重金属的富集效率，还要克服超富集植物的地域性、生物量小等缺点.我国需要发现更多的资源，加强驯化、栽培和育种等方面的工作，才能为污染土壤的植物修复提供有力保障.     

污染土壤的植物修复

土壤污染不但影响农产品质量安全,还通过食物链给人体健康带来危害.面对日益严重的土壤污染问题,可利用不同技术对污染土壤进行修复与治理,植物修复技术以低成本、易操作、无二次污染而倍受关注.植物修复技术效果受多种因素的制约,可以通过环境因子的调节促进修复植物的生长,也可通过农艺措施、环保育种、利用超富集植物与非超富集植物组建复合生态系统等途径强化植物修复效果.     

重金属镉超富集、富集植物筛选的研究进展

利用超富集植物修复重金属污染土壤是一种可靠经济安全的技术,对我国在植物修复重金属镉污染方面的研究进展进行分析和总结,总结12种超富集植物与17种富集植物的富集特征、适生环境。指出目前研究中存在的问题和今后研究的方向。     

镉污染土壤的超积累植物研究进展

文章总结了污染条件下镉超积累植物的生长和富集镉的相关机理,并就镉污染土壤的植物修复研究做了展望：寻找、筛选更多镉超积累集植物;锅富集相关基因识别和克隆;镉超积累植物应用研究以及镉超积累植物后处置与资源化技术开发等。     

重金属铅超富集植物的研究进展

利用超富集植物修复重金属污染土壤是一种可靠经济安全的技术,对我国在铅超富集植物修复方面的研究进展进行分析和总结,指出目前研究中存在的问题和今后研究的方向。     

土壤重金属污染及植物修复

论述了土壤重金属污染的现状,从土壤重金属对土壤微生物和土壤酶以及对农作物等方面的危害进行了阐述;对超富集植物的概念与特征和重金属污染土壤的植物修复机理也进行了讨论.     

污染土壤的植物修复

土壤污染不但影响农产品质量安全,还通过食物链给人体健康带来危害.面对日益严重的土壤污染问题,可利用不同技术对污染土壤进行修复与治理,植物修复技术以低成本、易操作、无二次污染而倍受关注.植物修复技术效果受多种因素的制约,可以通过环境因子的调节促进修复植物的生长,也可通过农艺措施、环保育种、利用超富集植物与非超富集植物组建复合生态系统等途径强化植物修复效果.     

铅富集植物对铅的吸收及其耐性生理机制进展研究

随着工矿业的不断发展,尤其汽车尾气排放等人为原因,导致铅污染已逐渐发展成为一个世界性的环境问题。土壤铅污染不仅影响土壤微生物、土壤中酶活性以及其它相关理化性质,而且会对农作物产量和质量产生影响,以至通过食物链危害人类的健康。考虑到土壤铅污染的广域性及对人体健康的严重威胁,如何修复铅污染土壤已成为世界各国科学家面临的重要课题。植物修复作为一种绿色、有效的修复手段,逐渐发展成为学界研究热点之一。自然界中大多数植物对铅的吸收能力很低,普通植物一般Pb含量为10mgkg-1干重。目前,国内外已见报道的重金属超积累植物有400多种;但是,铅的富集植物被发现的并不多,仅有5种。当前关于铅富集植物的生理生化方面的研究,已被广泛的开展。     

超积累植物

利用超积累植物修复重金属污染土壤是目前最有发展前途的一种修复技术。本文阐述了超积累植物的概念、特征、生理机制及研究现状,并对利用超积累植物修复污染土壤的植物修复技术发展趋势进行了展望。     

南丹长坡尾矿坝五种植物富集重金属的生态调查

为寻找适合矿业尾矿废弃地生态恢复和植物修复的植物,有效的进行矿业尾矿废弃地植被生态恢复,本文调查分析广西南丹长坡矿堆存50年之久的尾矿坝上的灯心草、节节草、类芦、莎草和醉鱼草的覆盖度、生物量以及植物体内的重金属含量.结果表明:这5种植物覆盖度超过40%,高度超过40 cm,为该尾矿坝的优势植物.且具有较高生物量,特别是类芦、灯心草和莎草,生物量均超过20 g-株(干重),说明这些植物适合尾矿坝环境,对重金属有很高耐性.5种植物中,类芦地上部分Zn含量最高为286.45 mg/kg,醉鱼草地上部分Pb和Cd含量最高,分别为148.46 mg/kg和5.54 mg-kg,都未达到超富集植物标准,考虑到高生物量和重金属的耐性,这5种植物在矿废弃地生态恢复和植物修复中都有一定应用价值.此外,5种植物对重金属的转运能力有较大差异,其中醉鱼草对3种重金属的转运系数均超过1,其转运机理值得进一步探讨.     

Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water：Progresses and perspectives

Environmental pollution affects the quality of pedosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. Great efforts have been made in the last two decades to reduce pollution sources and remedy the polluted soil and water resources. Phytoremediation, being more cost-effective and fewer side effects than physical and chemical approaches, has gained increasing popularity in both academic and practical circles. More than 400 plant species have been identified to have potential for soil and water remediation. Among them, Thlaspi, Brassica, Sedum alfredii H., and Arabidopsis species have been mostly studied. It is also expected that recent advances in biotechnology will play a promising role in the development of new hyperaccumulators by transferring metal hyperaccumulating genes from low biomass wild species to the higher biomass producing cultivated species in the times to come. This paper attempted to provide a brief review on recent progresses in research and practical applications of phytoremediation for soil and water resources. Project supported by the Higher Education Commission, Government of Pakistan for the faculty training under the R & D Project “Strengthening Department of Soil Science and Soil and Water Conservation” at the University of Florida, USA, a grant from the St. Lucie River Water Initiative (SFWMD contract No. OT060162), USA, in part, and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No.IRT0536), China     

Review: Role of soil rhizobacteria in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils

Heavy metal pollution of soil is a significant environmental problem and has its negative impact on human health and agriculture. Rhizosphere, as an important interface of soil and plant, plays a significant role in phytoremediation of contaminated soil by heavy metals, in which, microbial populations are known to affect heavy metal mobility and availability to the plant through release of chelating agents, acidification, phosphate solubilization and redox changes, and therefore, have potential to enhance phytoremediation processes. Phytoremediation strategies with appropriate heavy metal-adapted rhizobacteria have received more and more attention. This article paper reviews some recent advances in effect and significance of rhizobacteria in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. There is also a need to improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the transfer and mobilization of heavy metals by rhizobacteria and to conduct research on the selection of microbial isolates from rhizosphere of plants growing on heavy metal contaminated soils for specific restoration programmes.     

Role of soil rhizobacteria in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils

Heavy metal pollution of soil is a significant environmental problem and has its negative impact on human health and agriculture. Rhizosphere, as an important interface of soil and plant, plays a significant role in phytoremediation of contaminated soil by heavy metals, in which, microbial populations are known to affect heavy metal mobility and availability to the plant through release of chelating agents, acidification, phosphate solubilization and redox changes, and therefore, have potential to enhance phytoremediation processes. Phytoremediation strategies with appropriate heavy metal-adapted rhizobacteria have re-ceived more and more attention. This article paper reviews some recent advances in effect and significance of rhizobacteria in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. There is also a need to improve our understanding of the mechanisms in-volved in the transfer and mobilization of heavy metals by rhizobacteria and to conduct research on the selection of microbial isolates from rhizosphere of plants growing on heavy metal contaminated soils for specific restoration programmes.     

豫灵冶炼厂周边土壤重金属污染及植物重金属累积特征研究

了解豫灵土壤污染现状和筛选重金属富集植物对污染土壤进行修复,采用火焰原子吸收光度法对豫灵冶炼厂周边土壤中重金属含量进行了测定,并对7种植物铅、镉的吸收和富集能力进行了研究,结果表明：豫灵冶炼厂周边土壤中Pb、Cd的含量严重超标,分别为821.574mg/kg和62.207mg/kg。采集的7种植物样品对Pb、Cd的吸收能力存在明显差异,苦荬菜、茵陈蒿和播娘蒿对Pb、Cd的吸收能力均较强,植物体内Pb的含量分别为423.95、358.275和303.5mg/kg,Cd的含量分别为54.60、49.425、55.175mg/kg。茵陈蒿和播娘蒿属于杂草,适应性强,利用其对矿区土壤进行修复,不经人工干预即可正常生长,成本较低,因此可作为该污染区土壤修复的选择物种。     

重金属污染的植物修复技术及其生理机制

重金属的排放造成了严重的环境问题。而消除重金属污染成为世界性的难题．有关研究结果表明。虽然重金属污染对植物有毒害作用，但是某些特殊植物具有从污染环境中吸收、转移以及积累重金属的潜能。从而修复土壤和水体等环境中的重金属污染．植物修复技术的出现虽然有很好的应用前景，但仍存在一些问题。     

土壤Cd污染的生物修复

Cd污染是我国常见的一种土壤重金属污染.本文总结了土壤中Cd的分布特性、污染状况、存在状态及其对生物的毒害作用,分析了土壤Cd污染的生物修复研究状况,重点评述了Cd污染的植物修复原理、类型与技术及其进展,并结合我国土壤Cd的污染特点和部分研究结果,提出今后的研究目标和方向.     

Phytoremediation potential of Cyperus rotundus for diesel-contaminated wetland

Oil spills may considerably damage sensitive coastal wetlands. The phytoremediation potential and restoration of a dominant coastal marsh plant, Cyperus rotundus, for diesel pollutant and its phytoremediation effectiveness were investigated in this open-air pot experiment. Cyperus rotundus was transplanted into soil contaminated with diesel at concentrations of 1 000, 5 000, 10 000, 15 000, 20 000 mg/kg. In order to better elucidate the biochemical and physiological responses to diesel pollutants, activity of the antioxidant enzymes peroxidase （POD）, catalase （CAT） and ascorbic acid oxidase （AAO） were determined in the plant tissue after 50 d treatment at the levels mentioned above. The results showed that CAT and AAO of stem and leaf exhibited peak enzyme activities on 15 000 mg/kg soil and 10 000 mg/kg soil respectively, and declined at higher concentrations. Additionally, the increment of biomass and the content of soluble protein, as well as chlorophyll content were affected by diesel. The highest restoration effectiveness appeared at the level of 5 000 mg/kg. Collectively, Cyperus rotundus is a potential plant which can be used for restoring the diesel-contaminated soil.     

Chelators effect on soil Cu extractability and uptake by Elsholtzia splendens

Phytoremediation is emerging as a potential cost-effective solution for remediation of contaminated soils, and bioavailability of metal in the soil for plant uptake is an important factor for successful phytoremediation. This study aimed at investigating the ability of EDTA and citric acid for enhancing soil bioavailability of Cu and phytoremediation by Elsholtzia splendens in two types of soils contaminated with heavy metals [i.e. mined soil from copper mining area (MS), and paddy soil (PS) polluted by copper refining]. The results showed that addition of 2.5 mmol/kg EDTA significantly increased the H2O extractable Cu concentration from 1.20 to 15.78 mg/kg in MS and from 0.26 to 15.72 mg/kg in PS, and that shoot Cu concentration increased 4-fold and 8-fold as compared to the control. There was no significant difference between the treatment with 5.0 mmol/kg EDTA and that with 2.5 mmol/kg EDTA, probably because that 2.5 mmol/kg EDTA was enough for elevating Cu bioavailability to the maximum level. As compared with the control, citric acid had no marked effect on both soil extractable Cu and shoot Cu concentration or accumulation. The results indicated that EDTA addition can increase the potential and efficiency of Cu phytoextraction by E. splendens in polluted soils.