Measuring and exploring the structure of teachers’ educational beliefs

This study explores the structure of French teachers’ educational beliefs. First, instruments to measure these beliefs are adapted and developed. Data is collected through focus group discussions and an online survey (n = 302). Factor analyses reveal a three-factor structure to measure teachers’ general beliefs about teaching and learning: ‘beliefs about student regulation of learning processes and knowledge construction’, ‘beliefs about teacher regulation of learning processes’, and ‘beliefs about knowledge reproduction’. Furthermore, a two-factor structure to measure teachers’ subject-specific beliefs about French language teaching is found: ‘traditional beliefs about French language teaching’ and ‘constructivist beliefs about French language teaching’. Second, this study explores the relationships between and within teachers’ general beliefs about teaching and learning and their subject-specific beliefs about French language teaching. Results show two distinct and independent belief structures: a traditional and a constructivist belief structure. Via cluster analyses, two clusters of teachers are found whose beliefs are consistent with these belief structures.     

重复知盲效应研究

重复知盲效应是一种在特定条件下，对重复出现的刺激项进行瞬时回忆报告时而产生的抑制现象。介绍有关重复知盲效应的一系列研究和当前关于重复知盲效应产生机制的多种理论解释，并就该领域的进一步研究指出，在今后的研究中，需要结合当前较为先进的研究手段对重复知盲效应产生的神经机制进行更深入的研究。     

关于年龄的英语表达方法

年龄在汉语里的表达方法非常简单，而在英语中却要复杂得多。英语里关于年龄的表达方法有很多种，为了方便学习者的掌握和运用，将英语中关于年龄的表达方法作一下归纳。     

审美游戏与中学课程教学

审美游戏是人类特有的一种融创造性、娱乐性和教育性为一体的活动,由于学校教育和审美游戏在本质上具有同一性,因而在实践活动中可以将二者有机地结合起来。以中学课程教学为例:语文和哲学是关于语言和解释的游戏,音乐和数学是关于符号和序列的游戏,美术和历史是关于时间和变化的游戏,地理和物理是关于空间和运动的游戏,生物和化学是关于模拟与复制的游戏。搞好课程教学的关键在于充分发掘身体、器物和符号这三者之间的内在联系并不断地促使其相互转化。     

IT相关专业毕业生工作价值观影响因素分析——以苏州某高校为例

为了解与IT行业相关专业应届毕业生的工作价值观及其影响因素,该研究采用宁维卫初步修订过的中文版《职业价值观量表》,对苏州某本科高校IT相关专业应届毕业生进行问卷调查,得出结论：一是,总体上来说,IT行业相关应届毕业生最为关注的工作价值观依次为人际关系、成就感、智力刺激;二是,男生比女生更为关注经济报酬和管理两个维度;三是,城乡因素对他们的工作价值观不产生任何影响;四是,学生干部比非学生干部更为关注工作的利他、成就感和管理三个维度;五是,学生党员比非学生党员更为关注工作中的成就感、管理和人际关系三个维度;六是,在校成绩差的学生相对其他学生群体对于社会地位和经济报酬的获得要求不高,成绩为中的学生群体较之优和差的学生群体更为关注工作的舒适性,成绩为良的学生群体较之差的学生群体也更加追求工作的舒适性。     

独具个性的苏格兰——击破流言蜚语

提起苏格兰,人们往往会首先联想到苏格兰特有的民族文化和壮阔苍茫的高地风光。独具特色的苏格兰短裙,高亢悠远的风笛,连绵起伏的山峦,精致秀丽的湖泊,形状各异的古堡……成就了一个独具个性的苏格兰。然而,也有许多有关苏格兰人的流言蜚语——小气吝啬,易怒乖僻。酗酒的行为……本文将逐一破解对苏格兰人的偏见,展示苏格兰人真实的一面。     

Children's astronomy: implications for curriculum developments at Key Stage 1 and the future of infant science in England and Wales

Experience suggests that few areas of science could claim to capture the interest, curiosity and imagination of young children as much as astronomy does, few are more relevant and fundamental to their everyday lives, and few are more stimulating, motivating and fun. Infant and primary astronomy is concerned with more, however, than teaching concepts and process skills or about learning facts and figures. It is certainly more than simply knowing about the periodic changes associated with how the Earth, Sun and Moon move with respect to one another. It is about the nature of science and ‘scientific’ thought. It is about human achievement. It is about feelings and emotions; our relationships with each other and our relationships with nature. It is about the many important aspects of time, cycles and change. From this standpoint, radical changes to the early years astronomy component of a recently introduced and twice revised national science curriculum operating in all maintained schools throughout England and Wales are considered both misguided and premature. Exploring the nature of infant children's ideas and beliefs in certain astronomical areas, concerns about the direction of curriculum developments and the status of early years science are discussed.     

透视高效数学课堂教学行为——基于优秀初中数学教师的个案研究

高效数学课堂教学行为的基本特征有:(1)关于主要教学行为:清晰的教学流程、丰富的教学语言和精选的教学问题;(2)关于辅助教学行为:真诚的教师情感、深入的课堂交流和多样的强化手段.高效数学课堂教学行为的基本实现条件有:正确的自我定位、注重资源的积累、勤奋专业业务并注重反思等.     

黄山风景区浮溪河水域淡水藻类种群结构调查

通过对黄山风景区浮溪河水域藻类植物的采集、室内显微镜检分类方法对该水域的淡水藻类资源进行调查研究。镜检过程中在所有样品中共记录到藻类植物112种(其中包括变种和变型),隶属5门42属。根据该水域藻类植物种群结构分析,知该水域中藻类植物群落属硅藻-蓝藻-绿藻-黄藻型。其中,硅藻在种类及数量上均占优势,有20属68种,占60.7%;蓝藻门,有11属21种,占18.7%;绿藻门,有9属16种,占14.3%;黄藻门1属4种,占3.6%;裸藻门,有2属3种,占2.7%。通过调查得知在沿河流自上而下采集的四个样品中,藻类的种类数以及植物体数量呈递增趋势。     

Mental health professionals' attitudes and practices towards male childhood sexual abuse

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to test the hypothesis of Holmes, Offen, and Waller (1997) that mental health professionals are not asking male patients about histories of sexual abuse. It also aims to investigate general attitudes and practices of mental health professionals to the issue of male sexual abuse. METHOD: One hundred and seventy-nine questionnaires were given to nurses, psychologists, and psychiatrists asking 10 questions about their attitudes and practice towards male sexual abuse. RESULTS: The majority of staff questioned rarely inquire about sexual abuse in male patients; staff are generally using ineffective and unsystematic methods of enquiry when they do ask; knowledge of prevalence rates of male sexual abuse are extremely variable; and 2/3 of staff report having had no specific training in assessment/treatment of sexual abuse and a similar number do not feel sufficiently trained to be able to inquire about sexual abuse in male patients. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides evidence for Holmes and colleagues' (1997) hypothesis that men are not being asked about sexual abuse histories. It also highlights a need for training professionals about male sexual abuse.     

The Conceptions about Teamwork Questionnaire: design,reliability and validity with secondary students

In this study, we present the conceptions about teamwork questionnaire designed to evaluate the conceptions that secondary students have about teamwork. Participants were 309 students aged 15–16 from eight secondary schools, seven from Barcelona and one from Girona (Spain). The original 27-item questionnaire was reduced according to expert assessment and exploratory factor analysis to 20 items related to three conceptions about teamwork: individualistic, complementary and cooperative. By scores of factor analysis, the results show that empirically there are these three conceptions about teamwork with an appropriate level of reliability and of construct validity according to the theoretical hypotheses. There is no gender difference, but there are differences regarding types of school. The results are discussed with an emphasis on the relevance of this questionnaire as an instrument to identify and train secondary students in the conceptions about teamwork.     

试论社会公德教育的实践价值与具体路径——关于大学生社会公德教育的几点思考

文章分析了大学生社会公德教育的现状与不足,指出在社会生活快速发展、公共空间El益扩张并且传统道德偏重私德的现实历史语境中,大学生公德教育亟需改进教学理念与方法。文章提出,公德教育必须注意两个层次的问题：公德规范与德行动力,即“知”与“行”的问题。同时,引导学生接受公德规范与激发践行规范的精神动力,需要立足理性、情感与效益三条有效路径,并对这些路径的可行性进行了分析。     

两种不同类型的缩略词语：用语缩略与造词缩略——兼论海峡两岸缩略词语的类型差异

现代汉语缩略词语是一个非常复杂的集合,可以根据其产生动机和生成过程等的差异,分为＂用语的缩略＂和＂造词的缩略＂,前者因着眼于对已有相对固定语言形式的便捷使用而生,后者则是不与某一相对固定的原式严格对应的、利用缩略性构词材料构成的组合形式。二者的着眼点不同,对应物不同,产生机制和过程不同,在表义上也有差异。在这个二分的框架下,可以看到台湾＂国语＂缩略词语与普通话的明显差异：就用语缩略来说,是数字略语少、合称多、三音节词的简缩多;就造词缩略来看,则是固定词少而临时词多。     

Young people’s conversations about environmental and sustainability issues in social media

Young people’s conversations about environmental and sustainability issues in social media and their educational implications are under-researched. Understanding young people’s meaning-making in social media and the experiences they acquire could help teachers to stage pluralistic and participatory approaches to classroom discussions about the environment and sustainability. The aim of the article is to explore the characteristics of meaning-making in young people’s conversations about environmental and sustainability issue in social media, more precisely in an online community. The study takes a public pedagogy and citizenship-as-practice approach and uses Epistemological Move Analysis. The conversation are shown to be argumentative, sophisticated, elaborative and competitive and create an educational situation in which facts about the world and moral and political values and interests are confronted and argued. The findings raise questions about pluralistic and participatory approaches and the staging of classroom conversations in environmental and sustainability education.     

“尧眉”考辨

指出"尧眉八彩"的说法渊远流长,考诸文献发现尧眉之说至少有三:形态派、色彩派、骑墙派。形态派最先出现,且较为贴近真实;色彩派随后出现,影响最大;骑墙派则最晚出现,影响不大。     

Increasing the Value of the Environment: A 'real options' metaphor for learning

Academic debate continues about the meaning (or lack of meaning) of the terms 'sustainable development' and 'sustainability', and about the nature of any relationship these might have to education and learning. At the same time there are non-academic forums in which certain ideas about sustainable development (or sustainability) are becoming common currency. These are forums in which, typically, policy or compliance issues compel more or less prompt action of one sort or another. Learning is almost always implicit to some degree in such action. In this article, one widely held idea about sustainable development is critiqued in a constructive way, and an approach to thinking about issues of sustainable development and learning (including formal education) advanced. This approach employs a metaphor for possible human interactions with non-human nature that is derived from the world of financial management.     

Reactions to Bennett: Towards a more rational debate

This paper expresses a concern about the extent to which the manipulation of the language in which we are now expected to talk about education is being used to manipulate the ways in which we think about education, and the degree to which, as a result, a number of important developments in our approach to educational practice are being lost. It focuses on the features of the new discourse which has been established as part of the process of implementing new policies for education in England and Wales and argues the need for the teaching profession to reestablish its own discourse in order to resurrect a genuine debate about educational policies and practices.     

Seeing and believing: children's understanding of the distinction between appearance and reality

When young children are asked questions about objects with misleading appearances, they make two kinds of errors: (1) phenomenism--they report appearance when asked to report reality; and (2) intellectual realism--they report reality when asked to report appearance. Two studies with 3-year-old children tested the hypothesis that phenomenism errors predominate when children are asked about objects' real and apparent properties, whereas intellectual realism errors predominate when children are asked about objects' real and apparent identities. The results of these studies provided some support for the property-identity hypothesis; children's appearance-reality judgments about properties tended to differ from those about identities. More phenomenism errors were elicited when the stimuli were described to the children in terms of their properties than when the very same stimulus objects were described in terms of their identities. Identity tasks were not found to elicit predominantly intellectual realism errors, although the data showed trends in this direction. The implications of these results for theories about young children's tendency to accept things in terms of their perceptual characteristics were briefly discussed.     

Intelligence,Belief in the Paranormal,Knowledge of Probability and Aging

Older adults are less likely to be using computers and less knowledgeable about Internet security than are younger users. The two groups do not differ on trust of Internet information. The younger group shows no age or gender differences. Within the older group, computer users are more trusting of Internet information, and along with those with more education, are more knowledgeable about security hazards. The oldest women are less knowledgeable about security hazards. Older adults' greater risk when using computers and the Internet may be primarily due to cohort differences in education and computer use.     

语言学习信念研究综述

语言学习信念是个体差异的重要内容,对语言学习的影响不可低估。国内外有关语言学习信念的研究层出不穷。综观大量文献,语言学习信念的研究主要集中在以下两个层面：研究内容和研究方法。研究内容涉及：（1）语言学习信念体系研究;（2）语言学习信念与其他学习因素关系研究;（3）语言学习信念稳定性研究;（4）语言学习信念干预研究。研究方法可以分为定量研究和定性研究。特别是在国内,语言学习信念研究有待进一步深入,本文从三个层面提出了语言学习信念的研究展望。