Supporting Disability Education through a Combination of Special Schools and Disability-Inclusive Schools in the Pacific Islands

This article reports on a multi-method study of the ways in which special and mainstream schools support the educational needs of children with disabilities in Fiji. The aims of the study were: (1) to identify capacity and functions of special schools to support inclusive mainstream schools for children with disabilities; and (2) to explore the capacity of mainstream disability-inclusive schools in meeting the needs of children with disabilities. Results from the special education survey indicated that type of disability, geographic location and controlling authority were associated with transition to mainstream education. Findings from the action research study suggest that supportive school leadership and positive attitudes towards disability and inclusion contribute to greater mobilisation of supporting resources. However, limitations in facilities and resources currently pose barriers which prevent inclusion for all students with disabilities. Together, these findings indicate that special and inclusive mainstream schools jointly support disability-inclusive education in Fiji.     

Special Education in American Charter Schools: State level policy,practices and tensions

The US charter school movement is based upon the supposition that granting individual public schools increased autonomy from state and district rules and regulations in exchange for more accountability will foster the creation of innovative, effective and efficient schools. However, while state charter school laws free these schools from various state and district rules and regulations, the schools must still operate within the civil rights parameters legislated by federal statutes. Of particular import are federal laws that guarantee that children with disabilities receive a free appropriate public education. Project SEARCH, a 3 year qualitative study of special education in US charter schools revealed that there is a fundamental philosophical gap between the individualised, autonomous nature of charter schools and the highly regulated nature of special education. The philosophical gap is complicated by some charter schools' inability to amass the fiscal and human capacity needed to meet the needs of individual children with disabilities.     

Traumatic Brain Injuries and Special Education Services in the Schools

The purpose of this study is to replicate a study conducted by Hux, Marquardt, Skinner, and Bond (1999) in which the researchers explored the frequency of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in the special education population as compared to the frequency of TBI among students in general education. Hux and colleagues (1999) found that roughly one-quarter of their sample received evaluations for special education services at some point, and that almost half their sample had sustained at least one TBI. Similarly, the current study explored the frequency of TBI in both general education and special education groups in a kindergarten through twelfth grade school. Results indicated that the sample in the current study reported a lower incidence rate of TBI than the general population as well as that in the 1999 study by Hux and colleagues. Additionally, only one student in the current sample (5% of TBI group) reported a history of TBI along with receiving special education services. Discrepancies between the current study and the Hux and colleagues (1999) study are explored, and possible reasons for the discrepancies are discussed.     

特殊教育教师专业化与特殊需要教育

教师专业化发展是促进我国特殊教育事业更快发展的重要途径。而国内对教师专业发展的研究多指向于普通教育 ,对特殊教育教师的专业成熟尚未进行系统的理论和实践的研究。本文立足于分析目前我国特教教师素质的现状和教师专业化存在的问题 ;指出特教教师走专业化道路的重要性和必要性 ,并试图总结出我国特教教师达到专业化的标准和提高专业化水平、促进专业成熟的途径。     

论特殊教育学校师资队伍专业化发展策略

从分析特殊教育学校师资队伍中存在问题入手,探索了特殊教育学校师资队伍专业化发展的方法:“以人为本”的理念;提出了关于特殊教育学校师资队伍专业化发展的观点:建立完善的人才制度,改革评价与激励教师的制度,把发展学校的目标与发展教师的个人目标有机地结合起来,营造和谐校园,缓解教师的压力等较“人性化”的观点。     

中职生“职业角色”培养探讨

中职学校毕业的学生,能否尽快地适应社会生活．能否尽快地进入所从事的“职业角色”,很大程度决定其在校所接受的“职业角色”的认知、学习、模仿和强化。因此,在中职学校里开展对“职业角色”培养的研究是很有现实意义的。     

美国特许学校与资优教育

历经15年的发展,美国特许学校已经从一个州的几所迅速发展为40几个州的3500多所.尽管这个数字增长迅速,但人们给予特许学校有关资优教育方面的关注相对于对特许学校其他方面的关注却少得多.较之传统公立学校,特许学校虽然拥有高度自主权,但并非完全不受州和联邦教育法规的约束,它们也要实施州对所有公立学校要求的资优教育.然而,有些州并没有要求特许学校为资优学生提供服务,判例法也没有证据表明可以强迫特许学校为资优学生提供资优服务.     

Charter Schools and Urban Education Improvement: A Comparison of Newark’s District and Charter Schools

This article compares student achievement of fourth graders in charter schools and district public schools in Newark, New Jersey. We find that Newark and New Jersey’s charter schools mirror the educational inequalities of the state as a whole, as well as its Abbott Districts. The data indicate that charter schools are similar to district urban public schools, with pockets of excellence and mediocrity. We measure school performance based on two criteria: actual test score performance, and the difference between actual and predicted performance. We find that some charter schools are able to achieve performance above predicted, given their school and student characteristics, while other schools do worse than predicted. Thus charter schools are not simply a magic bullet, but rather they warrant further investigation to see which practices work and which don’t, especially in a challenging urban setting such as Newark.Jason M. Barr is an Assistant Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, USA. Louisa Visconti is a Research Associate, Department of Urban Education, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, New Jersey, USA. Address correspondence to Alan R. Sadovnik who is a Professor of Education, Sociology and Public Affairs and Associate Director, Institute on Education Law and Policy, Department of Urban Education, Rutgers University-Newark, 165 Bradley Hall, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; e-mail: sadovnik@andromeda.rutgers.edu     

从师范教育到教师教育:特殊教育师资培养的范式转变

自 2 0世纪 80年代以来 ,特殊师范教育逐渐成为我国特殊教育师资培训的主体 ,这是当时特殊教育发展的使然。但是随着社会变迁 ,特殊教育的发展 ,带有一次性、终结性的职前教育特色的特殊师范教育面临着严重的困境 ,已经越来越难以适应新的形势需要。以特殊教师教育代替特殊师范教育标志着特殊教育师资培养的范式转变。奠基于终身教育思想和特殊教育教师专业化发展的特殊教师教育有着自己鲜明的特征并蕴涵着深刻的思想内涵。     

Safety,celebration, and risk: educator responses to LGBTQ professional development

Research has explored multicultural teacher education from multiple, sometimes divergent perspectives; yet, these studies agree that what passes for multicultural education fails to address issues of educational inequity. This paper is part of a larger evaluation study of Reduction of Stigma in Schools (RSIS) – a professional development program aiming to empower educators to create affirming environments for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and Questioning (LGBTQ) youth. Interview data indicate that though workshops utilized a critical approach, what teachers embraced was a call to understand and “protect” LGBTQ students through the “safety” discourse – a form of understanding and valuing the “cultural other” – and investment in one time “visibility” or “celebration” events as symbols of improved school climate. Further, educators framed LGBTQ issues as “risk” issues rather than as equity issues, which continue to mark LGBTQ students as “victims” or “problems” in need of saving or solving. We posit that responses to RSIS content reflect educators’ understanding of their obligation to “diversity” as presented during their teacher preparation programs and that workshop content which resonated with them was that which they could easily fit into these familiar frameworks.     

安徽省特殊教育教师专业发展现状调查

采用问卷与访谈相结合的方式就安徽省特殊教育教师专业发展现状进行了初步的调查研究,发现目前安徽省特殊教育教师存在学历水平偏低,特殊教育专业修养不够;参加培训机会较少且针对性不强;科研意识和能力欠缺;专业认同感不足等现象.建议通过开设特殊教育本科专业,实施特殊教育教师资格制度,构建特殊教育培训体系,加大特殊教育科研力度,建立长效激励机制等途径促进特殊教育教师专业发展,推动安徽省特殊教育事业不断向前.     

Sexual Health Equity in Schools: Inclusive Sexuality and Relationship Education for Gender and Sexual Minority Students

ABSTRACT

This paper offers a review of school-based sexuality and relationship education as it relates to gender and sexual minority (GSM) students. Framed by a queer theory lens, the paper examines four main topics: (a) sexual health and relationship risks for GSM youth, (b) comprehensive school-based sexuality education as a protective factor for sexual health and relationship risks, (c) the current availability of relevant sexuality education for GSM students in the United States, and (d) inclusive schools as a social determinant of health. The author advocates for health equity, and offers suggestions for inclusive, comprehensive sexuality and relationship education to provide relevant, accurate, positive information for all students.     

特殊教育学校课程设置与改革的设想

本文通过对现行特殊教育课程设置的分析 ,针对现行特殊教育课程设置上存在的一些问题 ,结合基础教育中正在进行的素质教育的改革 ,就特殊教育课程设置的指导思想、内容选择及教育流程提出了一些新的构想     

The NatureMapping Program: Resource Agency Environmental Education Reform

Abstract

Environmental education for youth and adults is being redefined at resource agencies. The driving forces are education reform and citizen demands to be involved in environmental management decisions. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife examined its traditional environmental education programs and identified the need to create opportunities for citizen involvement as a means to educate while directly impacting its mission. Through a partnership with the Washington Cooperative Research Unit Gap Analysis Project, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife created the NatureMapping Program. The NatureMapping Program enables volunteers, including schools, to collect environmental data that are valuable to governments and communities for problem solving and decision making. A recent study of schools actively NatureMapping describes increased school-community links, motivated students, and a systemic change in curriculum through interdisciplinary inquiry. Resource experts have benefited from new species information and increased community involvement.     

加快山东省特教学校体育发展的思考

本文就山东省特教学校体育的发展历程,追随新时期特教学校体育在推进素质教育中的发展需求与价值取向,通过调查针对目前现状,力求从教育思想与发展对策,教学内容与方法,创新、科研活动与场地设施,经费保障与监督机制等方面,提出建设性意见,为加快特教学校体育的健康发展服务。     

A (TRANS)formative approach to gender-inclusive science education

The teaching of science in K-12 schools has long been criticized as a process that propagates oppression for students who do not conform to entrenched norms of gender, sex, and sexuality. Academic standards, curriculum, and textbooks are rife with rhetoric that reinforces any deviation from cisheterosexuality as aberrant, unusual, or abnormal. However, these often-over-simplified conceptions discount the historic social and scientific intricacies of gender and sexual diversity as well as students' own lived experiences. While there have been advancements in LGBTQ+ and gender-inclusive science education reform, these movements have been stymied by a lack of cohesive guidelines for pedagogy and practice, particularly for trans, nonbinary, and gender-creative youth. Situated within trans-created conceptual frameworks for critical education, this study explored the pedagogical practices of 10 transgender science teachers with the purpose of learning from their experiences creating gender inclusive curriculum. From the data (in-depth interviews, instructional materials samples, and reflective teaching statements) emerged the TRANS (Trans and Research-informed Approaches for Nonbinary and gender-inclusive Science education) Framework for gender inclusive science education pedagogy. This framework is anchored in three domains for teaching science through a trans-informed lens:interrogating and accessing power, resisting essentialism, and embracing experiential knowledge and personal epistemologies. The findings of this study contribute to our growing understanding of gender-inclusive science learning environments. Importantly, this study amplified the experiential knowledge of teachers whose voices are critically absent from research surrounding gender and LGBTQ+-inclusive science education practice. Moreover, the framework derived from teachers' experiences can be used to guide educators in making their science classrooms safer and more gender inclusive.     

高等职业院校亟需实施人文教育

高等职业教育的内涵应该从只是培养职业技能人才转向培养以人文素质为基础的高素质技术人才。但在我国高等职业教育发展的过程中,却凸显出人文教育的缺失。因此,高等职业学校亟需加强人文教育,促进高等职业院校人才综合素质的提高。     

浅谈技工学校的素质教育

经济建设的快速发展,对技能人才提出了高的要求,素质教育的地位越来越重要,探索和推行技工学校素质教育成为广大技工教育工作者的重要课题。     

职校职业生涯设计教育的内容

职业学校开展职业生涯设计教育应根据职业学校及职校生的实际,以职业生涯定向辅导、自我职业潜能分析能力培养、职业生涯设计意识与能力培养、职业生涯设计过程辅导以及与职业生涯设计向现实转化相关的核心素质的培养等为主要内容.     

Schools Council and Special Education

Dr Mary Wilson, chairman of the Schools Council working party on special education and until recently staff inspector for special education with the ILEA, describes the Council's work in special education