Validation of a 'spurning scale' for teachers: the Chinese sample

The present study represents our continuing effort to validate a 'spurning scale' for teachers, based on a model of spurned helpers' reactions. Three approaches were used to examine the construct validity of the scale: the spurning scores of teachers working with more achieving students versus the scores of teachers teaching less achieving students; the relationships between the spurning scores and job satisfaction and turnover scores; and the relationships between the spurning scores and scores indicative of stress arising from interactions with one's students, and with one's supervisor. Serving teachers in Guangzhou (China) responded to a questionnaire containing the variables of interests. Overall, the results provided further evidence for the validity of the scale.     

An analysis of burnout and job satisfaction among Turkish special school headteachers and teachers,and the factors effecting their burnout and job satisfaction

This study explores issues of burnout and job satisfaction among special school headteachers and teachers in Turkey. The purpose of the study is to determine whether there is a difference between headteachers' and teachers' burnout and job satisfaction in terms of work status, gender and work experiences, and to analyse the factors effecting their burnout and job satisfaction. In this paper, a quantitative approach has been used: 295 subjects (33 special school headteachers and 262 special school teachers) responded to the survey. As the research instruments, the Job Satisfaction Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to measure job satisfaction and burnout levels in terms of the dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. The study results indicated that special school headteachers felt less personal accomplishment than special school teachers. However, there were no significant differences between headteachers and teachers on two burnout dimensions, namely emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and job satisfaction. In terms of gender, males have less emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment but higher depersonalization than their female counterparts. Females have higher job satisfaction than their male counterparts. In relation to their work experiences, more experienced subjects have higher emotional exhaustion and depersonalization than their less experienced colleagues, and also less job satisfaction than less experienced counterparts. However, more experienced subjects who participated in the study felt higher personal accomplishment than the others.     

New working conditions and well-being of elementary teachers in Ecuador

The objective of this study was to analyze the stressors and working conditions which affect elementary teachers according to the TP-M theory. For this purpose, a research study was performed with nine focus groups composed of 75 teachers, each working in a different elementary school in Guayaquil (Ecuador). The results showed that occupational risks could be classified in two categories: (1) risks stemming from the social environment in which the teachers carry out their work; (2) risks derived from the new organizational demands that affect the physical and psychological health of teachers as well as their social and family relationships.     

Perceptions of future and cur rent teachers on the organization of elementary schools: a dissonance approach to the investigation of job satisfaction

The study compares the satisfaction ratings of future and current elementary school teachers with respect to the main aspects of school organization and administration. Data were collected from 66 in-service teachers and 79 preservice teachers in Cyprus. The application of factor analysis on the data resulted in the identification of the following main dimensions of school organization: headmaster's role, school organization, school climate, teacher incentives/work conditions, inspector's role and teachers' role. The comparison of the satisfaction ratings of future and current teachers on the above factors produced the following findings: first, the ratings of the two groups differed significantly for the first four factors. Secondly, future teachers reported lower satisfaction ratings than their in-service counterparts in the headmaster's role, school organization and school climate factors and higher ratings on the teacher incentives/work conditions factor.These discrepancies are considered to constitute causes of concern for educational policy-makers. The high expectations of future teachers on the teacher incentives/work conditions factor are viewed as a probable subsequent cause of cognitive dissonance and job dissatisfaction. On the other hand, the low expectations of future teachers with respect to three factors (headmaster's role, school organization, school climate) are likely to reduce their initial enthusiasm for their job. The implications of the findings for teacher training programmes are discussed, and suggestions are made on ways of reducing discrepancies between the expectations of future teachers and the realities of the workplace.     

Developing and validating a competence framework for secondary mathematics student teachers through a Delphi method

Initial teacher education programmes provide student teachers with the desired competences to develop themselves as teachers. Although a generic framework for teaching competences is available covering all school subjects in Spain, the initial teacher education programmes curriculum does not specify which competences secondary mathematics student teachers should acquire during their initial teacher education. This explains why this study aimed at developing and validating a competence framework for secondary mathematics student teachers in Spain. Building on existing models and international frameworks, a preliminary list of competences was drawn up. The validation process was based on a Delphi method. In addition experts expressed their opinions about the formulation of the chosen competences. A comprehensive framework of 33 competences for secondary mathematics student teachers could then be validated.     

南京高校教师"职业倦怠"问题研究

“职业倦怠”是当今压力型社会的一个主要话题。通过对南京高校教师的“职业倦怠”研究,发现高校教师这一知识型员工已经存在一定程度上的职业倦怠现象,其中,个人成就感降低问题最为严重,情绪衰竭问题也较严重,去人格化尚不严重,但也呈现出一定的发展势头。因此,应该高度重视并缓解高校教师的“职业倦怠”。     

Examining internal and external job resources in child welfare: Protecting against caseworker burnout

Given intense job demands, it is not surprising that job burnout is a consistent threat to the well-being and retention of the child welfare workforce. Guided by central postulates of the Job Demands and Resources (JD-R) model which suggests that job burnout develops because of experiences of high work demands coupled with low resources in the workplace, we applied a conceptual model of job burnout (client and work related) that accounts for both internal and external resources available to child welfare workers. Findings among child welfare caseworkers from three states (N = 1917) indicate that job demands (stress and time pressure) were positively related to client- and work-related burnout. Additionally, both internal and external resources moderated the relationships between job demands and client- and work-related burnout. Study findings have workforce management implications in the child welfare sector, including the role resources might play in mitigating the negative impact of job demands on burnout in the child welfare workforce.     

地方高校青年英语教师职业倦怠感成因及对策研究

地方高校的青年英语教师,由于教学工作量大、应试教育与教学创新、职称评定和经济收入过低的压力,容易在职业生涯初期产生倦怠感,进而对自身、学生和英语教学质量产生负面影响。通过对地方高校青年英语教师的职业倦怠感成因的探讨,提出相应的对策,旨在预防和缓解青年教师职业倦怠感和促进地方高校青年英语教师队伍的和谐健康发展。     

Teachers’ workplace well-being: Exploring a process model of goal orientation,coping behavior,engagement, and burnout

The current research integrated components of the transactional model of stress and coping with self-worth and goal theories to examine a model where (a) teachers’ goal orientation (as indicated by mastery and failure avoidance) was hypothesized to predict their teaching coping strategies (as indicated by problem- and emotion-focused coping) and (b) teaching coping was hypothesized to predict occupational well-being (as indicated by engagement and burnout). A longitudinal sample of 430 teachers took part in the research. With the structural equation model suggesting an acceptable fit to the data, findings generally supported hypotheses. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.     

特殊学校教师职业倦怠的对策研究

特殊学校教师存在着职业倦怠的事实,但具体到特殊学校教师个人其倦怠又有较大的差异。我们就应从社会方面改善大环境,提供有力的政策支撑;从学校方面改进管理,体现"以人为本";从个人方面学会自我调节,维护心理健康,来主动有效地进行干预,以帮助教师有效地预防、缓解或消除职业倦怠。     

Predicting intraindividual changes in teacher burnout: The role of perceived school environment and motivational factors

Based on self-determination theory, this study proposes and tests a motivational model of intraindividual changes in teacher burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment). Participants were 806 French-Canadian teachers in public elementary and high schools. Results show that changes in teachers’ perceptions of classroom overload and students’ disruptive behavior are negatively related to changes in autonomous motivation, which in turn negatively predict changes in emotional exhaustion. Results also indicate that changes in teachers’ perceptions of students’ disruptive behaviors and school principal’s leadership behaviors are related to changes in self-efficacy, which in turn negatively predict changes in three burnout components.     

Inclusion: identifying potential stressors for regular class teachers

This research investigates the potential stressors for teachers during inclusion. The study reports findings from 571 Queensland primary school teachers who were involved with including a child with a moderate or severe intellectual disability in their regular classrooms. Teachers who responded to the Teacher Stress and Coping Questionnaire (TSC) did not appear to be overly stressed by inclusion. Issues that related to a teacher's professional competence and the behaviour of the child with the intellectual disability were the most stressful for teachers. Female teachers reported greater stress than their male counterparts when coping with classroom issues. An increase in number of years involved with inclusion and participation in formal training were associated with a reduction in stress. Discussion focuses on the need to identify potential stressors during inclusion to enable more appropriate preservice and inservice training and support to be provided.     

Measuring approaches to learning in preschoolers: validating the structure of an instrument for teachers and parents

This study examined a 13-item instrument measuring approaches to learning (AtL) as a component of school readiness in the context of early childhood socio-emotional development. Few instruments, limited to preschool teacher ratings, measure AtL among kindergarteners with short easy-to-use questionnaires. We investigated psychometric properties of the instrument designed to provide practical measures of AtL behaviours identified in the Arizona Early Learning Standards with teacher (n?=?205) and guardian (n?=?1025) samples. We found a one-factor structure via exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The multi-group CFA for combined teacher and guardian models indicated a good fit, which demonstrated the structure validity of the AtL instrument. This finding, combined with evidence of reliability of the instrument, supported the educational utility of the AtL as a new tool for measuring school readiness among kindergarteners in Arizona.     

Developing and validating a scale for measuring teachers’ readiness for flipped classrooms in junior high schools

The aim of this research is to examine the dimensions of junior high school teachers’ readiness for implementing a flipped classroom approach and to construct and validate an instrument—the Flipped-Classroom Teacher Scale (FCTS). Two sets of samples (170 and 495 junior high school teachers) served to explore and confirm the constructs of the FCTS model proposed by this study. The model has been empirically validated via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis. The research participants were from different geographical locations in Taiwan. The FCTS consists of four factors: institutional support, technology self-efficacy (TSE), teacher beliefs and teaching strategies (TS). The results show that the FCTS model is a valid and reliable scale. Teachers may use the FCTS to gain a greater understanding of their instructional design and strategies in relation to flipped classrooms.     

A flexible architecture for job management in a grid environment

INTRODUCTION The Grid is capable of coordinated resourcesharing and problem solving in dynamic andmulti-institutional virtual organizations (Foster et al.,2001). As a kind of grid, the computational grid pro-vides a new method to deal with engineering andscientific computation, and by using it we launch theMultidisciplinary ApplicationS-oriented SImulationand Visualization Environment (MASSIVE) project(Zheng et al., 2004). The aims of the MASSIVEproject are to use Grid technolog…     

Mindfulness meditation for future early childhood teachers in Japan

To prevent future burnout and turnover among early childhood education students, mindfulness training may hold promise as a measure. A lab-based pilot and classroom-based feasibility study was designed to investigate an effective way to introduce mindfulness meditation. Results suggested that two types of audio-guided mindfulness meditation, a sitting meditation and a compassion meditation reduced stress level, and that the compassion meditation was perceived as more comfortable than the sitting meditation. As a tentative conclusion, the compassion meditation may be introduced first before the sitting meditation. Additional studies should examine the effects of longer-term meditation practice on teaching career development.     

粒状材料堆集物的随机三维模拟的研究

本文展示球体数目大大增加的堆集物建模,采用数字平滑法对球状堆积物进行模拟研究,研究结果显示出前所未有的大粒子系统模型面貌,由于模型扩大,增加了堆集面上的增平均应力分布的变差,其结果与发表的实验应力分布非常吻合。     

“贵州新升本高校”教师幸福感和职业倦怠特点研究

为了探明"贵州新升本高校"教师幸福感和职业倦怠的特点与关系,对475名高校教师进行了问卷测试,收回有效问卷433份。结果表明,情感和行为控制因子存在性别差异;随着教龄增加,工作热情有所提高;助教的倦怠水平较高,且随职称升高幸福感水平提高;教师的职业倦怠与幸福感呈极其显著的负相关。     

民族地区高校“80后”英语教师 职业倦怠原因及对策研究

教师职业倦怠是青年教师队伍中普遍存在的问题,它会影响教师工作的积极性,如果不予以重视,它将对学生、教育教学工作、乃至整个社会造成危害.现以民族地区高校“80后”英语教师为例,对其所面临的职业倦怠成因进行分析,并提出相应的防治对策,为提高民族地区高校英语教学质量提供保障.     

关于推进民族地区双语教师继续教育的若干思考

推进民族地区双语教师继续教育要坚持以政府组织实施为主导,立足于基础教育的实际,明确对象、目标和要求,规划继续教育的蓝图;强化统一领导、分级负责、分类管理,建立纵向层级管理与横向自我调节相结合的管理体制;经费要列入财政预算,并与普通教育经费的三个增长实现同步配套核拨;实践中要以强化管理、提高质量和整体效益为主要目标;防止和克服教材与课程的逻辑关系倒置,教材内容要着重体现中华民族持久、强大的凝聚力,体现语言与专业知识的有机融合.