TEACHER EDUCATION AND TEACHER-PERCEIVED NEEDS IN EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION

Professors and teachers were compared relative to their perspectives on preservice educational measurement courses. Twenty-four professors from different colleges in seven states and 360 teachers from elementary and secondary schools in one midwestern state responded via mailed questionnaire. Professors reported the emphasis given to each of eight topics in preservice educational measurement courses, and teachers reported the emphasis they believed should be given to each topic. In five of the eight content areas, the relative emphases given by professors differed from that recommended by teachers. Major differences emerged in nontest evaluation, statistical analysis, and formative and summative evaluation. Implications of these results are discussed.     

安徽省城乡物流一体化的测度及其评价

城乡物流一体化是实现城乡一体化的重要环节,文章从城乡经济发展一体化、城乡物流需求一体化、城乡物流信息一体化三个维度,运用2000—2014年间的数据对安徽省城乡物流进行测度和评价,并提出统筹城乡物流发展的政策建议'构建城乡物流政策支持体系、实现农产品网络信息化、培育农产品物流市场需求.     

EVALUATION AND THE HUMANITIES

This paper arises out of a concern that, in spite of the amount of work which has been done in the area of evaluation in the humanities, there has not been enough clarification of the kind of ‘knowledge’ or ‘experience’ which the humanities may be said to yield. It is of vital importance that more of this essential clarification be done before continuing to develop new methods or techniques.     

SOCIAL LEARNING AND ITS MEASUREMENT

This paper is an attempt to put the vast quantity of research on the characteristics of ‘lower class’ children into the framework of a general sociological theory. It is necessarily critical of the sociological naivity of the assumptions which have underlain much of this research and argues that the clusters of characteristics seen as being the property of certain groups of children can only be understood as arising out of their relative positions within the social structure and their historical and cultural experience. It is suggested that the ‘lower classes’ are characterized by subordination to which education is seen as contributing. Sociological, historical and anthropological evidence is utilized to support the argument, which concludes with a practical suggestion for reform relating to the structure of authority and the nature of control within the schools.     

EVALUATION AND EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

The propositions advanced and defended in this article are: (1) that it is more urgent for educators to reach agreement on their general purposes and goals than to specify in detail the outcomes they seek; (2) that insistance on detailed statements of educational objectives is questionable; (3) that teachers should be more concerned with developing a pupil's cognitive resources than with changing his behavior; (4) that criterion-referenced measures should supplement, not supplant norm-referenced measures; and (5) that conventional test statistics are appropriate for criterion-referenced tests if they are based on appropriate test responses.     

《体育测量评价》试卷分析

运用数理统计原理,对体育系94级《体育测量评价》期末试卷进行定性、定量的分析,结果表明：试卷的效度和信度良好;致使学生成绩偏低的重要原因是试卷难度偏大.教师应加强体育专业学生专业理论学习的力度,着重培养学生理论联系实际的能力.     

MEASUREMENT AND COMPUTATION OF THE PSEUDO-RESONANCE AND ANTI-RESONANCE

This paper presents a phenomenon of“Pseudo-resonance”of beams androds discovered from experiments and computations,and gives the definition of“Pseudo-resonance”.The relationship of distribution between the frequency of pseu-do-resonance and that of anti-resonance is found,and an analytic solution for thetransfer function between any two points on a beam or rod is established.The law ofdistribution of the anti-resonant frequencies,as well as the relation between the fre-quency distribution and the nodes of vibration is also proposed.     

QUALITY SUPPORT: MEASUREMENT AND MYTH

This paper discusses the major dilemmas arising in practice from attempts to pursue the latest policies of quality assurance in teacher education. The introduction fills in the background to these latest proposals and models, from “associative quality” to “production quality”. The paper then proceeds to discuss the issues raised by the new policies under the headings of “measurement” and “myth”. Measurement problems are discussed by reference to a range of debates in classroom studies. It is argued that teacher educators can hardly be assumed to be ignorant of these debates, and, to reinforce the point, materials are selected from the menu offered to students on the well‐known Open University's MA in Education course. The role and functions of organisational myths in institutions of higher education are then out’ lined. The discussion centres on whether the new measurement regimes will demythologise these institutions, and if so, whether this will be a good thing. Finally, the paper concludes with some thoughts about the future, and ends with an argument for concrete investigations of the (micro)political and social aspects of teacher education.     

粘接理论及其评价

本文简要介绍了目前国内外流行的几种粘接理论。如机械理论、吸附理论、扩散理论、双电层理论和化学键理论等。并对这些理论的应用范围和优、缺点进行了探讨。     

TEST LENGTH AND THE STANDARD ERROR OF MEASUREMENT

Lord (1959) has shown that the standard error of measurement of a test is, for all practical purposes, directly proportional to the square root of the number of items on the test. More specifically, Lord found empirically that the standard error of a test was equal to .     if the reliability of the test was computed by the Kuder-Richardson (KR) 20 formula. If the KR-21 formula was used, the standard error was equal to .     . The present paper sets out to show how these relationships may be derived from the defining formulas of reliability and standard error of measurement, if certain simple assumptions about values of test statistics are made.     

现代认知心理学的知识分类及其测量

现代认知心理学将广义的知识分陈述性、程序性和策略性三类知识。知识有不同的类型,不同类型的知识有不同的测量指标。根据不同的指标测量不同类型的知识,就可以有效避免“高分低能”的问题。     

SELF AND STUDENT EVALUATION OF ACADEMIC STAFF

At the University of Queensland a questionnaire to students for their evaluation of tutors’ and lecturers’ classroom presentation and classroom management has been in (increasing) use since 1982. The introduction of the evaluation questionnaire and the management of the evaluation system are based on the research lieterature on change. Student evaluations per se do not induce change. However, self evaluations focus staffs attention on their own perception as teachers, and possible discrepancies between self and student evaluation may then motivate staff to change.

Therefore self evaluation has been used in the evaluation of teaching schemesto facilitate change. Overall, there was no relationship between student ratings and staff self ratings on the question, “All things considered, how would you rate this staff member's overall effectiveness as a university teacher?” Both highly and poorly rated lecturers showed large discrepancies between their self perception and student perception. This emphasises the importance of using more than one source of evaluative information for decision makeing. An interview study found that nearly all those evaluated had implemented changes and felt positive about evaluation.     

MEASUREMENT OF UNIVERSITY OUTPUT: MODEL AND CASE STUDY

A model for measuring output of university departments is developed. The model includes teaching, research and other activities. The weighting factors for each activity is given. The model is applied to the departments of the College of Commerce of Kuwait University. Discussions and recommendations are presented.     

法定计量单位及其在物理化学中的应用

本文简要地介绍了我国法定计量单位的制定依据和分类,并着重讨论了法定计量单位在物理化学中的应用。     

FACULTY DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION IN TEXAS COMMUNITY COLLEGES

This study surveyed Texas community colleges to assess the extent of faculty development programs and the means, the purpose, and degree to which they were evaluated. Ninety percent of the 62 community colleges responded to the Fall 1985 survey with 93% of the respondents indicating that they had organized faculty development programs. The data gathered revealed that most programs were group oriented, perceived as effective, and offered at higher rates than previous studies have indicated. However, the methods used to determine effectiveness were, on the whole, not measures of changes in teacher or student behavior. In addition, there is little evidence that the programs are being used as a major instrument for institutional change and improvement that is linked to the accomplishment of college goals and the establishment of accountability. It is suggested that faculty development programs can improve by being more diligent in the pursuit of opportunities to effectively evaluate outcomes and by focusing on more individual than group activities.     

THE CONTROL AND EVALUATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The procedures for the licensing, attestation, and accreditation of educational institutions in the Russian Federation are listed and described. The reasons for a unified system of control and evaluation of educational institutions, particularly higher education institutions, are explained.     

THE DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF AN OCCUPATIONAL INVENTORY

An occupational inventory was developed by the Pennsylvania Department of Education for consideration as part of the state assessment project. This instrument measures 7tb grade student knowledge of the world of work. The summary phase of field testing involving 255 students revealed a reliability of .828 and a standard error of measurement of 2.60.