困惑与彷徨:论新时期文学对阶级斗争人生哲学的艺术解构

从20世纪30年代左翼文学运动开始形成的阶级斗争价值理念,曾对中国现代文学产生过极为深刻的政治影响。到了新时期以后,伴随着改革开放国策的实行,人们对于“文艺是阶级斗争的工具”说展开了全面的反思和理性的思考。可以说整个80年代的文学创作,基本上都是以艺术形象的图解方式去再现历史的荒谬以及人性的失落,它集中反映了中国现代作家的艺术自觉,同时也预示着中国当代文学经过价值观的转换,迎接了一个全新时代的到来。     

大学与人文教育

科学和人是人类理性不可或缺的两个方面，但在近代以来的发展中，科学理性渐有凌驾和排斥人理性的趋向，这在大学教育的演变中有鲜明的体现。人教育不仅是人学科的知识教育，更是人精神的教育。人学科的知识教育在大学教育中地位的变化，有其历史的根由，而人精神教育的缺失，则是大学理念残缺的一种症候。在继续推行专业教育的同时，吸取博雅教育的理念及相关理论，有助于弥合科学和人在教育中的疏离倾向，校正大学的理念和方向。     

环境教育的人学价值

环境教育是以人类与环境的关系为核心而展开的，其根本目的是为了促进人类未来的生存和发展。因此，环境教育的价值不仅在于教育本身，而且蕴涵着重要的人学价值：环境教育是以人为本的教育；是实现人的全面发展的重要途径；是实施可持续发展战略的必要保证。     

中国传统教育的精义是什么?——简论钱穆的人文主义教育思想

钱穆从历史出发,认为中国文化之核心是它的人文性,以此推演出中国人丈主义教育思想之精义. 人文主义教育思想的核心就是强调做人.近世以降,在民族危机压迫之下,教育出现了盲目反传统,模仿西方,过于功利主义倾向,导致传统人文主义精神不断流失. 新亚书院是探寻传统人文主义教育宗旨与现代社会相结合的产物,是继承传统适应时代的一次有益尝试;<新亚学规>也成为钱穆人文主义教育思想的集中体现.     

Cheng (誠) as ecological self-understanding: Realistic or impossible?

Abstract

Recent studies have recognised the Confucian holistic perspective as transformative in addressing the ecological concerns. This article complements and complicates this line of argument. The aforementioned literature has seldom examined whether or not the Confucian ideal is attainable. Centring on cheng, a Confucian metaphysical concept, this article highlights the struggle between the ideal and the real. The discussion is based on the premise that essential to the current ecological crisis is a need to reconfigure the meaning and purpose of humanity on the planet; utopianism, evoking images of a society radically different from the existing one, has the potential to instigate transformations. Utopias of all kinds encounter the tension between ideal and practice. Webb proposes an analytical framework of utopia-as-system and utopia-as-process. The former stresses an idealised blueprint and the latter attends to localised practice. For any radical change to occur, it is imperative to adopt both. Drawing on the research of ecotopia and edutopia, this article argues that Confucianism has a utopian impetus. As ecological self-understanding, cheng challenges modern assumptions regarding humanity and ecology. The concept represents a model of both utopia-as-system and utopia-as-process, and it has the potential to inspire change. It is, however, not without complication.     

Putting educational gerontology principles to the test: a quantitative confirmation of the empowering benefits of liberal arts courses

ABSTRACT

The humanist and critical principles of educational gerontology attribute different goals to education in later life. Self-Actualization is the goal of humanist educational gerontology, while empowerment, emancipation, and social change are the goals of critical educational gerontology. Liberal arts education is dominant in later-life learning. Both the humanist and the critical philosophies of learning in older age claim that this type of education is not empowering. Empowerment is a contested concept that has been defined through a set of constructs ranging from psychological capacities to attitudes and behaviors. In terms of capital, empowerment translates into gains in identity and social capital, operationalized in the variables agency and social and civic participation, respectively. The present study investigated the empowering potential of liberal arts courses using the BeLL survey data of 7,338 adult learners. Through a series of ANOVAs and a regression model, we found that age, gender, educational attainment, the number of courses, and changes in agency are significantly associated with changes in social and civic participation. We concluded that liberal arts education does empower adult learners, especially older adults, women, and individuals with lower educational attainment. Given that goal-related claims in the principles of educational gerontology have been empirically challenged, we recommend a new statement of principles that takes into account the latest developments in the field, as well as learners’ agential capacities and the structural inequalities they face.     

“无为而治“应成为学校管理的一种理念——以湛江一中为例

在新时期的教育环境中,以人为本,和谐发展是学校管理的主导思想,如何更有效地达到或实现此目标需要教育者在日常工作中探索和总结,作者结合学校的一些管理规律,将老子的“无为而治”的思想融入到现代学校管理中,试图找出更有效的学校管理模式,提高学校管理的效益,更好地为教师、学生、家长服务。     

Continuing professional education in transition, 1981?2000

When this journal was first published 20 years ago, discussions about systems of continuing education were just beginning. Houle had just published his landmark book Continuing Learning in the Professions, in which he predicted that continuing education would grow in stature and size to rival pre-service professional education. The purpose of this article is to critically analyse the developments in CPE over this 20-year period. Although we have witnessed the partial realization of Houle's prediction, we are in a transitional period of building systems of continuing education. I review five trends that have greatly affected the face of CPE over the past twenty years. These are: (1) the amount of continuing education offered at the workplace dwarfs that offered by any other type of provider, and probably all other providers combined; (2) an increasing number of programmes are being offered in distance education formats by universities, professional associations and for-profit providers; (3) there are increasing collaborative arrangements among providers, especially between universities and workplace; (4) the corporatization of continuing education has increased dramatically; and (5) continuing education is being used more frequently to regulate professional practice. I end by discussing three issues currently being negotiated across the professions related to the future development of systems of continuing education. These are: (1) continuing education for what? - the struggle between updating professionals' knowledge and improving professional practice; (2) who benefits from continuing education? - the struggle between the learning agenda and the political and economic agendas of continuing education; and (3) who will provide continuing education? - the struggle for turf versus collaborative relationships.     

Teaching mathematics in/for new times: A poststructuralist analysis of the productive quality of the pedagogic process

Mathematics educators and researchers generally recognise the importance of students' active involvement in learning processes; this active engagement is positively thought of in relation to the development of understanding and the construction of mathematical knowledge. However, it is often not well understood, nor perhaps even considered, how engagement in these learning processes also produces the learner and his/her feelings of competence and confidence in/with mathematics. In this paper I undertake, from a post structuralist perspective, a meta-analysis of two short episodes from a paper by Manouchehri and Goodman (2000). I use these interactions to explore (a) how mathematical knowledge and identities are produced in teaching/learning interactions in the classroom and (b) the wider practical implications of this productive power ofprocess for mathematics education and research. Through analyses such as these it may be possible to breathe new life and purpose into mathematics education in the twenty-first century; not by negating what has come before, but in moving on to explore the exciting possibilities that present themselves when taken-for-granted assumptions of a rational, freely choosing proficient (NCTM, 2000) humanist subject are interrupted and revised.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

‘A new discovery’ of Charles Hoole: method and practice in seventeenth-century English education

This article offers the first modern explication of the educational writings of Charles Hoole (1610–1667), arguing that his writings offer significant insight into the educational aims and methods of school instructors in seventeenth-century England. From attending to the needs of slow learners, to promoting learning games, to emphasising that children should be treated as rational actors, Hoole’s A New Discovery of the Old Art of Teaching Schoole (1660) fused theoretical expositions on the aims of education with practical recommendations to schoolmasters on how to succeed in these aims. Hoole’s writings, as well as the earlier humanist pedagogical treatises of his peers, demonstrate that early and mid-seventeenth-century schoolmasters were already discussing and potentially implementing a number of educational initiatives that historians have traditionally credited to John Locke and later eighteenth-century educational theorists.     

找回失落的人性——论环境教育的转向

环境教育的通常模式是将教育指向环境本身,这种模式不但存在着逻辑破绽,而且效果无法保证。正是现代社会对欲望的放纵导致人性物化,进而导致环境的恶化,环境危机实质上是人性危机。在这场危机中,学校教育在推波助澜,扮演着物化人性再生产者的角色。真正的环境教育应该是对整体教育的重新思考,为现代学校教育重植人性根基。     

试论教育回归人性的基本方式

教育回归人性,指教育要基于与利用人性之真,达成人性之善,促成人完满的生命体验,实现真、善、美的统一。教育理论回归人性的基本方式,是在全面把握人性与教育的相互意义及其现实表现的基础上,给予教育根本性、基础性、总体性的理论指导与价值引领,让教育更加尊重人性、更好地利用人性、更合乎人性,让人性在教育的作用下尽可能地向某种理想状态发展。教育活动回归人性的基本方式,则是要踏上回归真实、走向至善、追寻智慧之路,尊重人的本性,贴近人性的真实存在——现实生活,以美善的方式实现对人性的改善与提升,让教育主体全面占有自身的智慧本质,成为理性智慧、价值智慧和实践智慧的统一体,达成完整的生命体验。     

论卢梭对郁达夫人文精神的塑造

历史文化语境的相似,情感,心理,性格和生命表态的相近,以及现实的期待,为郁达夫与卢梭进行心灵对话提供了依据,人性善的观念,内在宇宙的敞开,文学的主情倾向以及回归自然说,构成了卢梭对郁达夫人文精神塑造的主要内容,受到“先见”和“此在”因素的影响,卢检验思想进入鬃达夫文化心理结构时既“同化”又“异化”,其间是“和而不同”的关系,但“和”是主要的,“不同”是次要的,卢梭的人文精神通过郁达夫等人的薪火相传,已成为中国现代化人文精神传统的内在组成部分。     

Liberal education reconsidered: cultivating humanity in the knowledge society

In the knowledge society, there is a conflict between “education for profit” and “education for humanity.” Education for profit is needed for students’ economic survival and success in the knowledge economy. Education for humanity is needed for their existential lives worthy of human beings. This paper deals with the question of whether it is possible to educate for humanity in the knowledge society. First, I suggested a complemented concept of “education for profit in the broad sense,” transforming the knowledge society for a better one. Second, I discussed Biesta’s criticism of “cultivation of humanity,” defending using this term as a general and honorific sense. Finally, I explained how an expanded concept of education for profit in the broad sense is compatible with the cultivation of humanity. Education for profit in the broad sense, considering the disadvantaged in the social and political sense, is to teach virtues such as caring, compassion, justice, etc. Teaching various values in addition to economic value also contributes to the cultivation of humanity by enriching human life. Teaching various learning skills for continuous learning, “social capital” as well as intellectual knowledge, global citizenship, communal relationship, is to cultivate one’s self-learning capacity. I concluded the paper by reconsidering directions of liberal education in the knowledge society.     

古典自由教育理念的回归与超越

平等乃是现代性价值的核心,伴随平等而来的乃是日常生活价值的均一化和个体存在的均一化,导致个体人性在现时代的堕落。重申古典自由教育,意味着以理性灵魂的充分实现,来实现人性中的高级部分,召唤个体人性的卓越,从而给日渐体制化与技术化的现代文明以卓越人性的内在支撑。基于此,平等与卓越就成了现代教育的双重主题,现代启蒙价值的熏陶与古典价值的回归,乃是现代教育并存的价值教育理路。     

《颜氏家训》的人文关怀及现代启示

《颜氏家训》是我国家训里程碑式的著作。它集前代家训之大成,不仅以内容的丰富性、理论的系统性,文体的范式性,将家庭教育与社会大众化生活紧密结合,事理与亲情融合,言训与心育并用,而且在严肃的道统传承和尊长期待中包含了浓郁、细致、深远的人文关怀。在社会高速发展,教育、尤其是家庭教育从观念到内容急需与时俱进的今天,我们以应试为功利目标的学校教育,在物化倾向重荷下向空心化、概念化、教条化嬗变的家庭教育,可以从中获得一点中国特色的人文关怀的启示,使我们在面对人、教育人、塑造人的百年工程中更富有人性化、人情味,更长于情感的、心灵的沟通与感召,从而促进青少年人文心理的建构,使他们逐步成长为走向世界的当代中国人。     

Kant on the endless struggle against evil in the pursuit of moral perfection and the promotion of the happiness of others—Challenges for education

Abstract

Kant argues that we have a duty to perfect ourselves morally and promote the happiness of others. He also argues that we have an innate propensity to evil. Our duty to perfect ourselves suggests that we struggle with our innate propensity to wilfully deviate from doing our duty. And we do this when we struggle against the depravation of our heart, namely our propensity to reverse ‘the ethical order as regards the incentives of a free power of choice’, namely, our propensity to wilfully comply with the principle of self-love and override the moral law. It seems, however, that education does not enable those concerned to fulfil their duties. It seems, instead, that education basically makes them efficacious with regard to desired ends and with the devised means. It seems, too, that education does not necessarily make it possible for those concerned with duty to perfect themselves morally and help others to do the same, which in turn suggests that those concerned are not being enabled to make themselves ‘as conscientious as possible in [their] moral self-examination’. I argue that education ought to enable those concerned to cultivate their moral strength to do so and enable others to do the same.     

Posthumanist Perspectives on Racialized Life and Human Difference Pedagogy

This discussion begins from the speculation that evaluating formulations of life has become one of the leading prerogatives of “novel” turns to matter, materiality, and the posthuman. However, moving with the Other (rather than simply representing them) has proven a difficult task for scholars in education concerned with decolonizing pedagogies by critiquing epistemological and ontological regimes of power disengaged from the interrogation of the metaphysics of race and sex at the center of Western metaphysical foundations of thought. There is an ongoing need for sustained engagement with the assumption of human primacy that runs through the nearly ubiquitous assertions of what Claire Colebrook calls active vitalism, which is characteristic of humanist approaches to education. In other words, the new conceptualizations of posthumanism only rarely challenge the lingering humanist concept of life itself. In this article, Petra Mikulan and Adam Rudder argue that posthumanist and neo‐vitalist materialist approaches to ontology must consider that racism is vitalist in the active sense because it begins with bodies (as bounded organisms always autopoetic and self‐proximate) and that vitalism is racist because it then distributes and discriminates racialized bodies according to their function as parts in a whole.     

从激情到理性——大学生爱国主义教育理论与实践探讨

从创新大学生思想政治教育出发,针对当前纷繁复杂的国际背景下在校大学生爱国理念、爱国情绪的表达方式及其存在的问题,探讨对当代大学生进行爱国主义教育的正确途径,引导大学生从质朴的爱国主义激情上升到理性的思考和行为,增强他们的民族自信心和社会责任感,因势利导,激发他们为中华崛起而刻苦学习的志向,确立起为建设有中国特色社会主义而奋斗的政治方向。     

高校专业设置滞后的多元分析

从教育学、管理学和经济学的角度对我国高校专业设置滞后进行分析,其原因是当代人主义教育的复兴、高校专业设置权的不足和存在专业调整成本。因此,对策在于正确认识科学主义教育和人主义教育的关系、扩大高校专业设置权和理性对待专业调整成本。