Moral Leadership in the 21st Century: Everyone Is Watching—Especially the Students

Educational leaders continually must be vigilant about their actions as they speak volumes about the values that the leader supports. It is impossible for an educational leader to take an action without generating some comment about how things should be done—which by definition is moral action. What's more, everyone is watching—especially the students.

This article explores leadership relationships, interrelationships, and interdependence—and how administrative “moral leadership” rests with the institution's leader. First, it examines the concept of systems thinking to determine how relationships, support structures, and decisions made by school leaders impact the entire school—especially the students and the community at large. Second, it explores and furthers our understanding of moral leadership models by synthesizing concepts in the literature and offers a new paradigm of moral leadership for educational leaders in the 21st century.     

Selection of School Counselor Candidates: Future Directions at Two Universities

A new vision of school counseling asserts that counselors must address all children and must orient counseling services toward the primary mission of schools: to educate young people and to support their healthy development. Two universities that are working to prepare new vision school counselors have changed their recruitment and selection procedures to attract increased numbers of candidates who can be optimally trained to fulfill the requirements of this vision. The authors describe criteria and procedures used to select graduate students who have the greatest promise of becoming leaders, advocates, and change agents in schools to promote student learning and achievement.     

Popper's Third World: Moral habits,moral habitat and their maintenance

If we accept Popper's idea that the human habitat is described in terms of three worlds, and that there are overlaps between these three worlds, our moral actions and values will also be subject to the same kinds of consideration as a repertoire of behaviours exhibited in a physical environment. We will develop moral habits in a moral habitat and our moral behaviours will also be dependent on the kind of moral habitat in which we find ourselves.

There are three main problems to which this analysis leads and on which we will focus in this paper. Firstly, there is the problem of the kind of moral environment—habitat—that we need to provide for human beings if they are to develop the kinds of moral values that we hold to be important. Secondly, there is the question of how we are to develop the kinds of moral habits themselves and thirdly, there is the question of how these moral habits and habitat are to be maintained. If we take Popper seriously then human beings have a crucial responsibility in the creation of a moral third world—that is, a habitat in which human beings can flourish. Schools have an important role as a moral habitat for the inculcation of good moral habits.     

Constructing Meaning in a Technology-Rich,Global Learning Environment

Abstract

This paper introduces the Global Forum on School Leadership (GFSL) as a Type II application of interactive computing technology suitable for 21st century learners, teachers, and school leaders. Simply put, the concept of the GFSL brings together learners who share a common goal, a common subject area, or a common profession, and encourages them to interact and learn together. Among the many differences that learners bring to the learning task, the one central and very obvious difference upon which the GFSL depends is culture. In the example presented here, the GFSL creates a learning partnership between a class of neophyte school leaders enrolled in a school leader preparation program in the United States and a similar class of students enrolled in a school leader preparation program in Australia (it could be anywhere else in the world). The discussion begins with a focus on the evolution of technology use in schools and the related evolution of learning in technologically rich environments. The GFSL is introduced as a Type II application increasingly necessary in a learning world where a global focus is being forced upon learners and where global understanding and awareness is becoming a basic survival skill. The paper generates a global version of the five characteristics of Type II applications, and concludes with an analysis of the impact of the Global Forum on participants' learning experiences and professional skills.     

德性伦理视域下的校长领导

德性伦理是一种关注个人道德认识和道德修养,立足于个人道德品质的提高,并以实现主体自我完善和自我发展为终极目标的道德。德性伦理要求校长成为德性领导,校长德性领导应注重在真正的"人的意义世界"中展开其领导行为;要慎用权力、以德服人,重视道德领导的价值;应成为学习型领导者,并自觉提升自身领导力。     

Television and the Teacher

We are frequently reminded that ‘Telévision is people’. This, like so many short statements, is over-simplified and only partly true. The most superlatively produced and presented television in the world would fail if the studio, transmission and reception equipment and the supporting administrative machine were unequal to the demands made upon them. However, in the long run, success does depend on the human factor—the quality of the people involved—and this applies equally to any kind of television operation, whatever its size or purpose, although obviously different kinds of people with different backgrounds and qualifications will be required to satisfy the needs of a medium which is used to cover the whole span of communication. It must always be remembered that the glamour—one might almost say magic—which attaches to television and has a good deal to do with its impact, confers no special privileges on the participants. The medium is strictly neutral and will direct its impersonal and unerring spotlight on the bad just as easily as the good. The ‘hardware’ provides the opportunity; it is up to the people involved to make the best use of it.     

高校德育教学的话语困境——以《思想道德修养与法律基础》课教学为例

学校是青少年道德教育的主阵地,但是随着改革开放的深入,学校道德教育话语权出现式微。因此,必须深入剖析高校德育课特别是类似《思想道德修养与法律基础》的德育课教学缘何遭遇话语困境,并提出相应的对策,最终才能提高德育教学的实效性。     

Moral Frameworks for Leaders of Gifted Programs and Services

Given the complexities of being an educational leader and, specifically, an educational leader of a gifted program or school, should there be a moral guide or framework that can inform the daily practices of leaders within an ever-changing educational context of competing demands? Should leaders of gifted programs employ the same ethos as any leader or by virtue of leading a program of a special interest group, be guided by a different, moral approach? This article posits that leaders of gifted programs and schools should operationalize an integrated approach drawing upon a variety of historical and more current theories of moral reasoning and intuition coupled with theories that draw on distributive, transformational, and situational leadership in order to make their advocacy and leadership more effective.     

新世纪高校道德教育的思考

进入新世纪，我国高校的道德教育应当从教育创新的高度，研究新问题，开辟新思路。当前的高校道德教育面临着三大挑战：道德哲学向“生活世界”回归的大趋势将深刻地改变高校道德教育的旨趣，“新经济”在全球的迅猛发展必将极大地拓展高校道德教育的内容和方法，全球一体化进程的发展将对高校道德教育的民族特色提出更新更高的要求。 面对新的挑战，我国高校道德教育必须在教育内容、教育方法以及德育目标体系的建构上有所创新。     

诚信伦理与大学生人格完善

诚信是人实现全面发展的必备素质，也是社会文明进步的道德基础和前提条件。现实地、理性地分析高校学生诚信道德伦理现状，加强大学生诚信伦理教育，努力构建高等教育的诚信教育体系，积极促使大学生人格的进一步完善，重树大学生群体的社会美誉度，是高等学校义不容辞的责任。     

Improving the digital capacity of schools by using the SELFIE tool for collective reflection

Schools play a crucial role in preparing students for a technology-driven world. Although schools incorporate technology for teaching and learning in promising ways, reviewing their organisational strategies would enhance their digital capacity—namely, the effective integration of technology in teaching and learning practices. This article presents insights for improving schools' digital capacity provided by school leaders, teachers, and students from fourteen European countries, through open-ended questions on the SELFIE online tool for collective reflection. This article presents the thematic analysis conducted on 5247 excerpts collected through SELFIE questionnaires, referring to participants' perceptions of their schools' digital infrastructure, the usefulness of technology for teaching and learning, and the perceived need to make the most of technology. Findings align with international studies, which confirm that schools' digital infrastructure still needs improving, while teachers need more training on embedding technology in their teaching practices. Findings also reveal differences in school leaders, teachers, and students' viewpoints and experiences on technology use in their schools. Comparing viewpoints and experiences regarding a school's digital capacity by using a comprehensive and structured process of collective reflection, the SELFIE tool is unique within the field and can offer insights to school communities, education policymakers and researchers.     

从个人领导走向团队管理——英国中小学校分权领导对我国的启示

作为一个学习型组织,中小学校的发展很大程度上取决于校长在组织中分配权力的能力。当学校处于困境,校长权力的相对集中会有助于学校情况的好转。但大多数非困境的情况下,中小学校则需要从个人领导走向团队管理,提高学校管理效能。本文认为共同的学校发展远景、合作的学校教师文化、共享的价值观是建立学校管理团队,实现校长从个人领导走向团队管理的重要基础。     

Bearing and transcending suffering with nature and the world: a humanistic account

To conceptualise moral education as ‘living and learning to bear suffering’ offers a humanistic vision for choices people make in the face of drastic threats to their existence. This essay proposes that bearing and transcending suffering—part of the human narrative—helps human beings to realise their ethical potential. Grounded in Eastern and Western metaphysics and ethics, I assess the human condition brought about by the 2008 earthquake disaster in China—in an attempt to come to terms with fundamental philosophical questions of existence and human values. While raising questions about how human beings are intrinsically interrelated to Nature and the world, this account is linked by a thread of humanism encompassing three important values (caring, responsibility and free spirit). I conclude by suggesting that educating young people for the wisdom of suffering is to cultivate a humanistic morality. Ethical implications for ecology and moral education are considered.     

Distributed leadership for personalized learning

Abstract

Personalized learning refers to a collection of practices designed to place student interests and needs at the heart of schooling. Schools that implement personalized learning need leaders that support educators and students in redesigning the core practices of teaching and learning in K-12 schools. To answer the question of how leaders support this redesign, we use distributed leadership theory to focus on the macrotasks and microtasks that leaders enact to create the conditions for personalized learning practices. Drawing on a five-year, qualitative study of 11 personalized learning programs in the Midwest, we identify three macrotasks supporting personalized learning: reorganizing learning environments to support student voice and choice, assembling idiosyncratic technology ecosystems to distribute teaching and learning tasks, and redesigning instructional time to prioritize student’s interests, agency, and learning relationships. After we describe a number of microtasks associated with each macrotask, we discuss how a consideration of these kinds of leadership tasks can open the contemporary discussion of personalized learning from a narrow focus on learning technologies to an expansive vision of student-centered school reform.     

论创新型园长的基本素质及其培训

培养创新型幼儿园园长是新世纪对学前教育工作的要求。作为一个创新型园长,必须具有正确的现代教育思想理念;具有与时俱进、开拓创新意识;具有强烈的竞争意识;具有全球意识;具有新知识摄取能力;具有学前教育研究能力;具有立体思维能力;具有现代教育技术操作能力。     

The digital classroom

Conclusion Undoubtedly, our schools must prepare students to live and work in a computer literate society. And as we build our curriculum to equip our students for the world that awaits them, Internet access becomes an increasingly important part of the student’s learning experience. It is incumbent upon administrators, teachers, and parents to introduce students to the Internet in a productive and educationally sound fashion. And to monitor their learning and behavior, because the task at hand is to prepare the future citizens of the networked world. They will not be perfect right way; they will make mistakes. We truly need to know when they need more guidance, and more teaching. Filtering technology, used alone or in conjunction with firewall security, provides a simplified, reliable, and cost-effective mechanism for schools to protect the quality of their students’ Internet use     

社会工作:中职学校思想道德教育的新探索

当前我国的中职学校德育教育中,存在着教学方式单一、教学内容脱离实际、教育方法封闭、教育内容不够全面、教育评价机制偏向就业等问题。社会工作与中职学校德育工作在价值理念上具有一致性、在内容方法上具有可借鉴性、在实施效果上具有互补性,这为社会工作在学校德育工作的开展提供了有力支持。社会工作可以根据学生面对的不同问题及需求选择个案、小组、社区三种社会工作方法介入学校的德育工作。     

Intergenerational learning practices—Digital leaders in schools

This paper explores the management and outcomes of a specific model of intergenerational learning, concerned with student digital leader support in a number of secondary schools in England. A local educational partnership set up a student digital leader project late in 2011, which aimed to develop a range of skills and outcomes for both the digital leaders themselves and for a potentially wider variety of personnel within the schools. Five schools were involved in the project. The student digital leaders shared their digital technology expertise with others with less developed skills, including teachers and managers in these schools. The study reported in this paper explored ways that the digital leader initiative was implemented, identifying and analysing outcomes and issues arising. Evidence from informants and from the analysis of benefits arising indicates that the student digital leader initiative led to a variety of positive outcomes. A key finding and conclusion is that this form of initiative has involved some students who tend not to be involved in other leadership or school-wide activities. The initiative enables these students to contribute to the community, rather than just receiving from it; students become active contributors to, as well as receivers from, the educational system.     

校长道德领导力的提升

校长的道德领导力是校长引领学校全校师生培育和践行核心价值观及实现积极变革的过程、行为和能力。校长的道德领导力呈现为愿景领导力、变革领导力和课程领导力,具有5个方面的表现特征。在校长道德领导力建设过程中,需要处理好个人认识与全校共识、愿景提出与实践落实、目标实现与内部协调、常态领导与危机领导、思想感召与制度规范之间的关系。     

论教师领导

教师领导是学校迈向学习型学校的必然,其概念是从教学领导、道德领导、转换领导、平行领导特别是分布式领导和参与式领导等学校领导研究中渐渐明晰的。教师领导的实施过程有利于校长成为"领导者的领导",从而放弃"英雄领导"模式;有利于教师的积极参与和专业成长,从而使教师职业具有魅力;有利于学校学习共同体的形成,从而提升学校创造未来的能力,最终达成学生发展的目的。