美国中小学教师的同伴互助及对我国教研组活动的启示

美国的同伴互助是以解决教育教学中的实践为直接目的,以促进教师专业素养提高为旨趣,由两个或三个及以上教师自愿参与为原则,以平等的对话方式而展开的活动,其目的在于促进教师的专业成长。本文在分析美国同伴互助的缘起、内涵和开展同伴互助的基本模式的基础上,提出了对我国教研组活动的若干启示。     

我国教师发展学校近十年的探索之路

基于美国教师专业发展学校(PDS),结合我国国情而创建的教师发展学校(TDS),实践中走过近十年的探索之路。回溯历史,陶行知晓庄学校"教学做合一"的教育模式蕴涵着教师发展学校的理念;总结经验,教师发展学校之建设经验与目标、架构体系与策略发人深省;展望未来,教师发展学校理应成为教师教育一体化发展的必然选择。     

"微格教研"探索与实践

“微格教研”是“微格教学”的变式。它是用摄像机记录教师的教学行为,以放像再现及时反馈,供教师个人和教研组活动进行分析、评价的一种研究课堂教学,提高教师教学能力的方法。“微格教研”不仅注重讲什么,还注重怎样讲,并将教研活动的重点转移到研究怎样教。我们将“微格教研”结果应用于课堂教学,使教学的各个环节优化,有效地提高了课堂教学质量。     

An integrated professional development model for effective teaching

This article examines the design of a professional development model that aims to improve student achievement. This model has been designed by combining and supplementing elements from school-improvement literature and existing professional development models. Existing models from two largely independent approaches to professional development of teachers were examined for the presence of nine principles for effective school improvement. On the basis of this examination six aspects from the existing models were incorporated in the new model (presentation of theory, demonstration of skills, practice in a secure environment, pre-conference, observation and post-conference). Three further aspects were added to ensure compliance with all nine principles for effective school improvement (creation of the appropriate conditions, evaluation and monitoring conference and a focus on goals at school, teacher and student level).     

基于合作的教师专业发展模式——美国专业发展学校(PDS)合作模式探究

美国专业发展学校(PDS)是上个世纪80年代兴起的一种基于合作的、新型的教师教育模式,它以其独特的组织形式和良好的效果引起了人们的关注,现已成为美国教师教育改革的主流趋势．本文旨在对PDS的产生背景、基本合作模式及其存在的问题进行分析与探究,以期能为我国的教师专业发展学校以及教师教育改革提供一些启示和参考。     

Student teachers’ collaborative research: Small-scale research projects during teacher education

Teacher research is increasingly described as an important aspect of professional development. In response, teacher education programs incorporate teacher research in their curricula. We report on the collaborative research processes of two groups of student teachers in a university teacher education program, focussing on elaboration and decision making. In one group, group members had different preferences, which led to balancing elaboration and decision making. The other group, however, did not engage in these processes in a conscious way, leading to an arduous research process. We contend that a balanced approach, alternating elaboration and decision making, is desirable.     

专业发展学校与美国教师教育的发展

20世纪80年代末期以来，美国教师教育发展和改革中出现了一种新的培养模式-专业发展学校，它是通过强化教师教育机构与中小学的合作伙伴关系，共同培养教师，开展合作研究而建立起来的，专业发展学校的建立预示着国际教师教育发展的一个重要趋向，本文就美国专业发展学校设立的原因背景，发展状况，标准，作用加以阐述，并就美国教师教育的发展提出若干思考。     

我国中小学教师专业发展存在的问题及改革路向

当前我国中小学教师专业发展过程中存在着教师专业素养偏低,教育管理体制不完善等方面的问题。为了提升和优化我国中小学教师专业发展,教师教育通过提升教师专业化素养,树立教师光辉形象;把握教育发展趋势,推进教师专业发展等措施,努力提升我国中小学教师的综合素养,提升我国中小学专业发展水平,使得我国中小学教师专业发展走上一个更高的台阶。     

Tackling bullying: Victimized by peers as a pupil,an effective intervener as a teacher?

The present study focuses on student teachers as a prospective special resource in the prevention of school bullying in the course of their future professional careers. Special attention is paid to the influence the respondents' own childhood experiences of bullying may have in this regard. To investigate this question, we assessed the respondents' estimations of the level of empathy they felt towards the victims of bullying, the degree of effort they made to prevent bullying, and their ability to identify it. Further, an attempt to assess the long-term consequences of bullying was made, using two different communicative indices: the willingness to communicate and self-perceived communication competence. It is suggested that teachers' own experiences of victimization may enhance their ability to communicate effectively when fighting against bullying at school.     

教师专业发展的新视野:“学校群”策略

"学校群"策略是信息技术环境下教师专业发展的新模式,其关注区域性校际协作,其从组织策略、学习服务支持策略和效能策略三个方面组织和实施教师专业发展活动。通过讨论"学校群"教师专业发展的三个策略和新思路与方法,试图实现延伸校本培训、共享优质资源和推进协作研究,实现教师共同体和学校群体共同发展。     

Evaluation of 2+2 alternative teacher performance appraisal program in Shanxi,People's Republic of China

This study examined the impact of the 2+2 Alternative Teacher Performance Appraisal System that has been implemented in Shanxi province in China. A mixed research design was used to evaluate the program. Six high schools and a total of 78 teachers (13 teachers in each school) in Shanxi province were selected. Three of the schools participated in the 2+2 program while another three served as the comparison. The results showed that 2+2 program significantly improved teachers’ professional performance, enhanced teachers’ collaboration, and increased the feedback between the peers.     

English in action: school based teacher development in Bangladesh

In the Least Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs), School Based Teacher Development (SBTD) is sometimes advocated as a potential mechanism for improving the classroom practices experienced by millions of children in a complete school system, as quickly as possible. Robust evidence is required for approaches to be implemented with some confidence by Government development agencies, such as the UK Department for International Development (DFID). SBTD has a long history stemming from ideas of school-based curriculum development, which underlay the ideas on teacher-as-researcher, and is typically advocated in the developed world based on a view of the teacher as a professional. How might such notions play out, and to what effect, in LEDC contexts? This article examines the issues at stake in introducing SBTD in LEDCs, by examining: the nature of the evidence for various forms of teacher development, the nature of SBTD in particular and the evidence for its effectiveness. The latter issues will be illustrated through examination of English in Action (EIA, www.eiabd.com), a large-scale SBTD programme for primary and secondary English language (EL) teachers serving government schools across Bangladesh.     

美国教师专业发展学校的特点与借鉴

美国教师专业发展学校的创建既是应对教育实践问题提出的要求,也是教师教育理论研究的必然结果。大学教育学院和中小学之间的联合本质上是教育理论与实践的联系,也是教授与中小学教师发挥各自优势培养实习教师的良好平台。面对共同的教育实践问题,专业发展学校有助于促进中小学在职教师的专业发展,也有利于改进教育专业的整个教育活动效果,可为我国教师教育与中小学教育走向良性互动提供有益借鉴。     

我国教师行为文化的实然诊断、原因分析与对策探究

教师行为文化对于学生的精神世界和专业发展都有重要意义。对实然状态下的教师行为文化进行分析发现其主要存在以下问题：价值取向保守,自身角色偏差;教师行为受到其特殊社会角色的束缚;行为孤立,缺乏合作;教师工作激情衰退,出现职业倦怠等。从历史、现实、教师自身和学校方面分析原因,进而提出应然状态下教师文化的理性追求：教师应该更新传统观念,转变自身角色;加强自身＂修学＂之功;走向开放与合作;学校应该完善教师管理,革新教师评价机制。     

A new technique for dealing with behaviour difficulties in Cyprus: the analysis of critical incidents

Recently the issue of behaviour difficulties arose at the centre of the educational debate in Cyprus. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new technique for enabling schools to deal with behavioural difficulties through an analysis of critical incidents. First, the paper examines definitions of behaviour difficulties, briefly explores the causes of misbehaviour and summarizes the different theories and methods that have been used for behaviour management. It then defines the new technique by providing its theoretical background, and illustrates how the new method has been used. Using evidence from schools in Cyprus, the paper provides illustrative examples which demonstrate how certain events that happen in the classroom can be analysed in order to provide schools with useful information for developing new ways of facing behavioural difficulties.     

促进知识分享的教师合作机制探究

教师合作是实现学校组织学习、教师专业发展的重要手段,而教师特有的工作方式决定了教师合作更多地以知识分享为特征。该文结合对教师合作现有研究成果的考察,探讨如何构建一种促进知识分享的教师合作机制,并结合北京某小学的个案展开相关讨论。     

大学英语作文教师反馈和同伴反馈方式对比研究

本研究通过对实验对象相关数据的对比分析,研究大学英语写作中,教师反馈和同伴反馈对提高学员写作水平的作用.研究结果显示：（1）教师反馈对学员作文篇章结构的合理性和文章内容的充实性方面有明显的提高;（2）同伴反馈能够增强学员的读者意识和参与意识,提高学员的语言表达能力和写作兴趣.     

Developing Adaptive Teaching Competency through coaching

The research project Adaptive Teaching Competency seeks to conceptualise the processes of tuning teaching to individual students' learning needs and to empirically test, within the field of science teaching, to what extent Adaptive Teaching Competency can be fostered through teacher education. 32 primary and secondary teachers took part in an intervention to foster their Adaptive Teaching Competency based on content-focused coaching whilst 18 teachers formed the control group. Teachers receiving the coaching increased their Adaptive Teaching Competency with regard to planning and their students showed a higher learning outcome compared to the control group.     

高校教师发展的经验与探索

高校教师发展是提升高等教育质量的关键,国内外高校致力于教师发展有许多成功经验,美国高校教师发展的咨询、研讨会、教育技术辅导等方式值得借鉴。论文基于江南大学教师卓越中心的工作实践,归纳了开展教师发展项目的有关经验,就教师发展的相关问题提出自己的想法。     

The protective role of teacher–student relationships against peer victimization and psychosocial distress

This study examined whether teacher–student relationships protect against peer victimization and its negative psychosocial effects (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress). Additionally, the influence of teacher–student relationships, peer relationships, and students’ perceptions of school order and discipline was investigated as these variables were expected to be negatively related to the former. Data were collected from high school‐aged adolescents (N = 539; 51% female) in the U.S. Southwest. Study results indicate that teacher–student relationships buffered against experiencing psychosocial distress associated with peer victimization. Although positive teacher–student relationships, peer relationships, and students’ perceptions of school order and discipline all were negatively associated with peer victimization and psychosocial distress, teacher–student relationships were robustly related to peer victimization and psychosocial distress over the influence of the previous variables. In other words, as a key study finding, teacher–student relationships may reduce the impact of peer victimization by mitigating its negative psychosocial effects in a robust yet relatively unexplored way. Therefore, although more research is needed, fostering positive teacher–student relationships might be an effective way to reduce peer victimization as well as its negative effects.