转型的初级群体与社会安全问题

高速发展的社会同时也是高风险的社会,要提高社会安全度,就需要分析和防范潜在的风险。社会风险因素来源较多,其中包括初级社会群体。建立更加安全的社会,需要建设更为健全的初级群体。     

自闭症儿童家庭问题与家庭社会工作介入——基于深圳200个自闭症儿童家庭的调查与分析

自闭症儿童及其家庭已经成为一个值得关注的社会问题。作为一种外源性压力,自闭症儿童家庭面临着家庭结构失调、家庭功能弱化、家庭的贫困化与边缘化、家庭成员健康状况恶化等问题,这些严重影响到了自闭症儿童家庭功能的正常发挥。因此,应当通过家庭社会工作介入,运用个案工作、小组工作、社区工作、社会政策的方法缓解自闭症儿童家庭压力,促进自闭症儿童家庭的社会融合。     

科技价值的迷失与社会发展的误区

科技价值的迷失必然导致社会发展的失误。科技价值的迷失包括环境价值的迷失、价值利益的迷失以及科技应用价值的迷失。环境价值的迷失导致社会生存环境的恶化；价值利益的迷失导致畸形的社会发展观；科技应用价值的迷失导致社会发展中的人忧患。重视环境价值，确立综合、全面的社会发展观，正确处理科学与人的关系，是我们面对科技价值迷失的正确态度。     

Young children working together. Cooperative learning effects on group work of children in Grade 1 of primary education

It was examined whether cooperative learning within the Success for All (SfA) program led to improved group work behaviour of Grade 1 pupils. 168 pupils of six SfA schools and 144 pupils of four control schools participated. Positive and negative group work behaviour was observed during a group task, taking into account socioemotional ethos, group participation, and type of dialogue. Longitudinal multilevel analysis was used for the sequence of observed 20-s time intervals. SfA groups showed more positive and less negative group work behaviour compared to control groups, whilst controlling for several group characteristics. Results suggest that negative group work behaviour increased gradually during the whole task in control groups, while in SfA groups it increased only towards the end of the task. The findings indicate that cooperative learning may lead to improved group work behaviour of young pupils (6–7 years old).     

Exploring marine biodiversity through inquiry with primary school students: a successful journey?

In this work, we present a marine ecology inquiry-based activity, implemented with 164 primary school students. The main goal was to evaluate the activity's impact on students’ understanding about biodiversity and scientific procedures. We also aimed to analyse the potential use of personal meaning maps (PMMs) to assess the impact of the activity on students’ ideas about the topics explored. The results revealed that fieldwork and the exploration of real data were the aspects most emphasised by all intervenient. Finally, the PMMs proved to be a good tool to evaluate the impact of activities developed outside classroom, with primary school levels.     

Influencing Intended Teaching Practice: Exploring pre-service teachers’ perceptions of science teaching resources

Many researchers have identified and expressed concern over the state of science education internationally, but primary teachers face particular obstacles when teaching science due to their poor science background and low confidence with science. Research has suggested that exemplary resources, or units that work, may be an effective way to support primary teachers. This study explores the effect of one such resource on the intentions of pre-service primary teachers to teach science. The resource in question is Primary Connections, a series of learning resources produced by the Australian Academy of Science specifically designed for primary science. Evaluative studies of Primary Connections have indicated its efficacy with practising primary teachers but there is little evidence of its impact upon pre-service teachers. The purpose of this study was to investigate how effective these quality teaching resources were in influencing the intentions of primary pre-service teachers to teach science after they graduated. The theory of planned behaviour highlighted the linkage between the intentions of the pre-service teachers to teach science, and their awareness of and experiences with using Primary Connections during their education studies. This enabled key factors to be identified which influenced the intentions of the pre-service teachers to use Primary Connections to teach science after they graduate. The study also provided evidence of how quality science teaching resources can be effectively embedded in a teacher education programme as a means of encouraging and supporting pre-service teachers to teach science.     

Inclusion of ‘generations of human rights’ in social science textbooks

The ‘Generations of Human Rights’ (GHR) classified ‘rights’ in terms of the interests they protect and to law and legislation related to Human Rights (HR) policies. First GHR are civil and political rights, the second GHR are socio-economic and cultural rights, and the third GHR are collective and solidarity rights. This article examines the inclusion of the GHR through conceptual content analysis from current primary and secondary school social science textbooks in India. The results of the study show that GHR are explicitly and implicitly included more at secondary than primary school level. The political science and history textbooks at the secondary level generally indicate a higher instance of implicit and explicit inclusion of GHR. The null inclusion (completely missing) of GHR is more at the primary school level. In addition, while the first GHR are more explicitly included, the second GHR shows weak explicit inclusion and the third GHR is the weakest although there are many opportunities to include third GHR in social science textbooks.     

The Benefits of Using Sociodrama in the Elementary Classroom: Promoting Caring Relationships Among Educators and Students

In the current age of academic rigor, standards and accountability, the fostering of caring relationships in the classroom may not always be a priority. Expressing care for another person is a skill that can be taught and nurtured through a supportive educational environment. Sociodrama encourages each of its participants to develop self-confidence and self-expression through risk-taking and exploration in activities that explore real life personal feelings and situations. By using sociodrama as a means for exploring issues in the classroom it is possible to celebrate participants’ individuality and to create caring and nurturing relationships among educators and students. This article examines the research describing the benefits of including sociodrama in the elementary curriculum.