Education in the United States

In the United States,boys and girls start school when they are five yearsold.In some states they must stay in school until they are sixteen.Moststudents are seventeen and eighteen years old when they finish high school.     

Elections in the United States

惊奇常常是在箱子里出现:包在彩色包装纸里面的生日礼物,朋友寄来牛皮纸包的包裹。不论是怎样的箱子,人们都喜欢打开来看看里面是什么。在美国以及其它许多国家,有一个特殊的箱子关系着未来,这     

“Handicap” and Education in the United States of the 1930s: Discursive Formations in the New York Times*

This article traces the discursive development of the concept of “handicap” in the United States, through an examination of one written medium, namely the New York Times The emergence, development and decline of the concept of handicap are situated over a span of about 75 years, beginning in 1905. The concept reflects a modern era that replaces a previous era, represented by the concept of “cripple”. The article focuses both on the impact of education and the strong impact of events in the 1930s in the formative stages of the concept. Overcoming barriers, mainly through vocational skills, is an overarching educational goal. The strong impact of public instead of charitable assistance is an important contribution in the formative stages of the 1930s.     

Immigration in the United States and the Golden Years of Education: Was Ravitch Right?

In this article I address some assertions made by one of the most outstanding educational historians, Diane Ravitch, regarding the relation between immigration rates and academic achievement among children in the United States. In her book The Great School Wars Ravitch asserted that low immigration levels during the 1920s to early 1960s period played a large role in producing a golden age of education in New York and probably in the United States. The research undertaken for this article does confirm some of Ravitch's assertions but questions whether other claims of hers may be overly simplistic. Among her assertions that the research supports are that academic achievement rose among New York City elementary and secondary students during this "golden age," children from most immigrant groups did perform poorly compared to children born in the United States, and that the increased volume of enrollment and language factors did exert added pressure on the school system. Nevertheless, other factors lead one to believe that Ravitch's claim, although possessing merit, may be overly simplistic. For example, certain immigrant groups performed very well academically after coming to the United States. This fact supports the notion that the makeup of the immigrant population may be as important as the immigration volume. In addition, the decline in American student academic achievement in the 1960s and 1970s began well before the United States fully liberalized its immigration policy. One would not expect this, if immigration has the level of impact that Ravitch claims.     

The Similarities and Differences between the Goals of Bilingual Education in China and the United States

This paper studies the similarities and differences between the goals of bilingual education in China and the United States. China and the U. S. have similar purposes in providing bilingual education to language minorities at the elementary-secondary school level. The Americans use bilingual education as a remedy, but most Chinese treat it as a tool for tangible interests. American colleges and universities provide monolingual instruction only, but their Chinese counterparts are promoting bilingual instruction today. Many have considered American bilingual education a failure. The validity of China＇s collegiate bilingual instruction is under debating. More research work must be done before we learn how bilingual education may be efficiently and effectively provided to different groups with various educational needs.     

Nature of the Indonesia–United States education relationship

This article discusses the nature of the education relationship between Indonesia and the US. The article examines two hypotheses. The first hypothesis is that transnational education constitutes a new type of imperialism by perpetuating knowledge dependency and financial dependency through the transfer of knowledge and foreign aid in education. Of particular interest will be the themes of ‘knowledge dependency’ and ‘financial dependency’. In contrast to the first hypothesis, the second holds that transnational education advances learning about and from other states, and has the potential to improve relationships, and promote international understanding. This article concludes that although the one-way transfer of knowledge from, and dependence on, foreign experts is evident, the Indonesian government has attempted to reduce dependence on foreign countries, whether that reliance was on knowledge or on finance. Although the Indonesia–US education relationship is politically motivated towards serving the interests of each, most respondents believed that any US political agendas were unacceptable. The experiences of both Indonesian and American respondents show that the relationship enhances and improves understanding between Indonesia and the US through academic exchanges and scientific and research links.     

Autonomy or Institution? Origins and Development of Women's Studies in the United States and Germany, 1965–1981

Die Entstehung von “Women's Studies” als akademische Disziplin wurde in den Vereinigten Staaten und Deutschland entscheidend beeinflußt durch die sich in diesen Ländern formierenden Frauenbewegungen. “Women's Studies “‐Programme bildeten sich zunächst in den Vereinigten Staaten. Da es dort bereits eine beträchtliche Anzahl von Frauen unter den Lehrenden an den Hochschulen gab, die zum Teil ein feministisch motiviertes Interesse an diesem neuen Feld hatten, ließ sich von Anfang an eine Verankerung der Programme an den Universitäten erreichen. Inspiriert durch die amerikanische Entwicklung widmeten sich in den frühen siebziger Jahren auch in Deutschland feministische Wissenschaftlerinnen der Forschung und Lehre über Frauen. Ihre Situation unterschied sich aber ganz wesentlich von der ihrer amerikanischen Kolleginnen. Zum einen gab es weniger Frauen im Lehrkörper der meisten Universitäten, insbesondere unter den Professoren, zum anderen war das intellektuelle Klima an vielen Fakultäten zu diesen Zeitpunkt stark durch marxistische Einflüsse geprägt und feministischen Anschauungen wenig zuträglich. Aus diesem Grund unterrichteten viele feministische Wissenschaftlerinnen zunächst außerhalb der Hochschulen an Volkshochschulen oder in Gemeindeein‐richtungen. Erst ab 1980 entstanden konkrete Pläne für die Durchführung von Frauenforschung an den Universitäten. Diese stießen jedoch auf gemischte Reaktionen unter Feministinnen, die geteilter Meinung waren, wenn es um den Nutzen von Programmen an Hochschulen oder auf Gemeindeebene ging. Diese Konflikte kamen zum ersten Mal bei der Konferenz zur Planung der Zentraleinrichtung zur Förderung von Frauenstudien und Frauen forschung an der Freien Universität in Berlin zum Tragen. Seitdem prägen sowohl akademische Einrichtungen als auch kommunale Institutionen das Feld in Deutschland.

     

Farm Life in the United States

美国的农业生产、生活情况是西方文化的重要组成部分。阅读下面的短文并做做文后的正误判断题，能使你对西方文化有所了解。Allbigcitiesarequitesimilar.LivinginamodernAsiancityisnotverydifferentfromlivinginanAmericancity．Thesamecan薷tbesaidaboutlivingonfarms，however．Inmanypartsoftheworld，farmersandtheirfamiliesliveinvillagesortowns．IntheUnitedStates，however，eachfarmfamilylivesonitsownfields，oftenbeyondthesightofanyneighbors．Insteadoftravelingfromavillagetothefieldseverymorning，Americanfarme…     

Fast-food Restaurants in the United States

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A Review of “Seeking Sense in the City: European Perspectives on Religious Education”

If universities can teach about religion, the community colleges cannot be far behind. Here are some impelling reasons