An examination of institutional policy on copyright and access to research resources in Uganda***

Education and research are the cornerstones of Africa's socioeconomic and political development. Yet several barriers stand in the way of Africa's education and research institutions in realizing their full potential. This paper examines copyright as a barrier in the access and use of electronic resources in Africa's education and research contexts. This paper addresses this policy question by examining the extent to which the draft policy on research and intellectual property rights management of Makerere University advances access to resources and the open sharing of knowledge. Based on the critical analysis of Makerere's policy, this paper notes that openness should trump other institutional interests in the copyright system. The position taken in the paper is that institutional policies should advance open sharing of information and knowledge (internal or external to the institution). Short-term legal remedies are proposed based on various Creative Commons' licenses that are designed to advance openness within existing national copyright statutes. Long-term remedies suggested involve reforming national and international laws and instruments to advance openness including protecting existing provisions for education and research. Protection of education and research activities can be attained by not simply availing the existing exceptions and limitations but also precluding statutory exceptions and limitations from being overridden by contractual licenses. The proposed short and long-term remedies are expected to be addressed by institutional policies to facilitate in the access and use of e-resources (and other research and educational resources).     

An examination of institutional policy on copyright and access to research resources in Uganda

Education and research are the cornerstones of Africa's socioeconomic and political development. Yet several barriers stand in the way of Africa's education and research institutions in realizing their full potential. This paper examines copyright as a barrier in the access and use of electronic resources in Africa's education and research contexts. This paper addresses this policy question by examining the extent to which the draft policy on research and intellectual property rights management of Makerere University advances access to resources and the open sharing of knowledge. Based on the critical analysis of Makerere's policy, this paper notes that openness should trump other institutional interests in the copyright system. The position taken in the paper is that institutional policies should advance open sharing of information and knowledge (internal or external to the institution). Short-term legal remedies are proposed based on various Creative Commons' licenses that are designed to advance openness within existing national copyright statutes. Long-term remedies suggested involve reforming national and international laws and instruments to advance openness including protecting existing provisions for education and research. Protection of education and research activities can be attained by not simply availing the existing exceptions and limitations but also precluding statutory exceptions and limitations from being overridden by contractual licenses. The proposed short and long-term remedies are expected to be addressed by institutional policies to facilitate in the access and use of e-resources (and other research and educational resources).     

中国图书馆职业资格认证制度的建立与实施

本文针对当前我国图书馆界的现状，从人力资源开发与管理的角度，论述了图书馆职业资格认证制度首先要“以人为本”，同时要进一步开展对馆员的继续教育工作，并呼吁应尽快建立一套法律体系，使图书馆界的职业资格证书制度早日走向法制化、规范化。     

国外高校图书馆MOOC版权服务的调研与启示

[目的/意义]随着MOOC本质特征的日益凸显，引发的版权问题逐渐进入人们的视野。高校图书馆作为高等教育领域的主力机构，在MOOC教育中扮演着重要的引导和支持作用。[方法/过程]结合网络调研和问卷调查方法，对国外高校图书馆的MOOC版权服务实践进行分析，发现MOOC版权服务提供的频次不高但质量很高，在版权机构、版权清理、版权合作、版权素养培训等方面的实践都具有一定的借鉴意义。对9所重点调研的国外高校图书馆MOOC版权服务进行案例分析，发现服务模式与侧重点各有不同。[结果/结论]针对目前国内的MOOC版权服务现状提出4点改善建议，以期通过不断的探索和实践，最终形成中国模式的MOOC版权服务体系。     

我国科研人员自存储态度调查－以中国科学院科研人员为例

以对中国科学技术大学和中国科学院部分科研人员的访谈和问卷调查为基础,调查我国科研人员对自存储的态度及意愿,从自存储资源的学术质量、版权、政策或组织方面、技术方面出发分析影响科研人员参与自存储的因素,并建议政府、科研机构建立宣传与教育政策机制、管理政策机制、强制政策机制和技术政策机制,建立OA仓储,引导科研人员自存储。     

数字图书馆版权问题应对策略探讨

版权问题正成为制约数字图书馆发展的瓶颈。数字图书馆建设在资源数字化、数据库开发和利用、计算机软件、网络服务等方面都存在版权问题。在借鉴深圳图书馆自身及同行经验教训的基础上,从四个方面探讨应对版权问题的策略：利用相关法律法规,充分使用无须授权的资源;多途径合法获取数字版权;建立完善的版权管理制度;积极参与版权立法与修订活动。     

Antecedents of the intention to adopt crowdsourcing for innovation in government: Findings from Belgium and the Netherlands

Crowdsourcing is a form of IT-enabled open innovation that has received increased attention in recent years. However, the use of crowdsourcing in public innovation is still in its early stages. To understand the adoption of crowdsourcing in government, this article investigates the antecedents of the intention to adopt crowdsourcing in government organizations. The adoption intention is conceptualized as a rationalistic, goal-directed decision that is driven by multiple strategic intents but tempered by transaction costs. Three strategic intents (accessing complementary knowledge, enhancing organizational legitimacy, and reducing innovation costs) and two transaction costs (codification costs, and broadcasting costs) are hypothesized as antecedents to the adoption intention. Data (n = 205) from municipalities in Belgium and the Netherlands shows that the adoption intention can be explained by the influence of the political executive, the pursuit of organizational legitimacy, and transaction costs associated with broadcasting. Accessing complementary knowledge, reducing innovation costs, and codification costs are not significant predictors. The findings suggest that crowdsourcing is viewed as a tool for political alignment and legitimation.     

图书馆开放教育资源服务策略--以金陵图书馆为例

文章针对当前国内外开放教育资源建设中政策支持力度不够、版权及利益分配存在矛盾、技术平台开发滞后、资源同质化严重等现状,详细阐述图书馆建设开放教育资源的优势,并以金陵图书馆开放教育资源建设为例,提出通过专项申报弥补经费缺失、开展跨界合作提供多样资源、开发移动平台改善用户体验、加强营销推广资源利用等策略,为图书馆界开放教育资源的建设提供参考。     

中学生数字版权教育的困境与对策研究

中学生作为在数字阅读市场中占有较高比重的用户群体,其版权意识相对薄弱,数字盗版行为频发。与此同时,我国数字版权教育面临版权文化土壤根基贫乏、数字版权市场利益现实抑制和网络传播催化盗版泛滥三大困境。而时代需求和发展导向的深刻变化,如知识产权战略、"双创"政策驱动、大数据时代与人工智能等,也为中学生的数字版权教育树立新观念、转变新思路提供了契机和平台。具言之,教育者应立足实现在教育理念上不添加课程负担与数字版权意识培养并行;在教育内容上数字版权经济化教育与数字版权法治化教育并进;在教育手段上现实书本版权教育与虚拟技术版权教育并举;在教育环境上课堂、家庭数字版权教育与社会数字版权教育并施的教育转向。     

Social media use in local government: Linkage of technology,task, and organizational context

Social media technologies have begun to enter the governmental workplace as tools to accomplish improved public service and engagement. Widespread recognition of the potential of social media technology for achieving public outcomes does not match our understanding about how and why specific tools are being used for specific purposes. This paper makes use of newly collected national survey data from local government managers in five different agencies to address the questions: which social media tools are being used, for which tasks or purposes; and what organizational characteristics influence the coupling of task and technology. Findings reveal patterns of social media tool application for particular purposes, although organizations do not all use social media tools in the same way. Moreover, regression analysis shows that different organizational factors – work characteristics, innovativeness, technology and management capacity and stakeholder influence – predict each of the four technology–task couplings — social media for dissemination, social media for feedback on service quality, social media for participation, and social media for internal work collaboration. This study demonstrates that social media tools are not a monolithic group and calls for greater research attention to the complex interactions among social media technology, task and organizational context.     

Electronic resources and copyright issues: Consequences for libraries

The application of copyright law to electronic resources is receiving more attention as technologies grow in kind and complexity. The function of copyright as a means of protection for software continues to be questioned, and efforts to resolve this issue are further confounded by the industry's use of patents and license agreements. The rapid growth of electronic resources has precipitated revisions in copyright law in the past decade. A new law has been proposed in 1989 which would further define the application of copyright to software. The current and proposed use of copyright law to protect electronic resources, and its effect on educational institutions and libraries, is discussed. Suggestions to meet the challenge of acquiring electronic resources are offered.     

科技资源管理绩效评估指标体系研究

科技资源管理绩效评估指标的制定是为了掌握科技资源活动状况,对科技资源管理的效果、效率以及适应 性进行评估,以便最大限度发挥科技资源的价值。文章从科技装备资源管理绩效、科技信息资源管理绩效、科技组织资 源管理绩效以及科技中介资源管理绩效等要素出发,构建科技资源管理绩效评估指标体系,并确定各级指标权重,以期 通过评估指标的计算,得出评估结果来优化科技资源配置,达到科技资源科学规划、有效开发和高效利用的目标。     

电子教学参考资料系统中的版权问题分析

基于数字化资源与网络传播的电子教参系统不可避免地要涉及到相关的版权问题,典型的如馆藏作品的数字化以及基于网络环境对数字作品的使用。文章分析电子教参系统所面临的版权风险,探讨如何在现有的法律框架下,合理合法地建设电子教参系统并提供服务。     

Exploring copyright knowledge in relation to experience and education level among academic librarians in Kenya

Since the year 2001, Kenya’s copyright regime has extensively been shaped by Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement; World Intellectual Property Organization Copyright Treaty; Africa Growth Opportunity Act (AGOA); and The Cotonou Agreement, which have advocated for effective copyright administration and management structures in addition to stiffer penalties for those who violate copyright laws. Despite better administrative structures being put in place, copyright infringement in Kenya has persisted. Being able to balance the needs of rights owners and information consumers becomes a critical role librarians have to play. Knowledge about copyright, thus, becomes critical. Despite the fact that librarians in Kenya are not a homogenous group, how knowledgeable the different librarian cadres are concerning copyright issues is least understood. The raison d’être for this study is to find out whether different cadres of librarians based on academic qualifications differ in the level of knowledge on copyright issues. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Results indicate no statistically significant difference in self-reported knowledge of copyright among the five librarian cadres based on their education level and neither is there a statistically significant difference based on librarians’ years of service. Statistically significant differences among the five librarian cadres exist when we compare “tested knowledge” of copyright issues. Evidence of insufficient mastery of provisions in the Kenyan copyright law does exist.     

Library involvement in health informatics education for health professions students and practitioners: a scoping review

Objective:The purpose of this scoping review is to evaluate the extent of library or librarian involvement in informatics education in the health domain.Methods:We searched eight databases from their inception to 2019 for reports of informatics educational activities for health professionals or health professions students that involved library staff or resources. Two reviewers independently screened all titles/abstracts (n=2,196) and resolved inclusion decisions by consensus. From the full text of the 36 papers that met the inclusion criteria, we extracted data on 41 educational activities.Results:The most frequent coded purposes of activities were “teaching clinical tools” (n=19, 46.3%) and “technology” (n=17; 41.5%). Medical students were the most frequent primary audience (34.1%), though 41.5% of activities had multiple audiences. Evaluation was reported for 24 activities (58.5%), only a few of which assessed short or post-activity impact on attitudes, knowledge, or skills. The most common long-term outcome was applying skills in other courses or clinical experiences. Thematic analysis yielded three areas of outcomes and issues for the library and organizational partners: expanded opportunities, technology and resource issues, and value demonstration.Conclusions:Limited published examples of health informatics educational activities provide models for library roles in informatics education. More librarians should report on their informatics educational activities and provide sufficient details on the interventions and their evaluation. This would strengthen the evidence base about the potential impact of libraries within informatics education.     

Core competencies for information professionals of Thai academic libraries in the next decade (A.D. 2010–2019)

This research aimed to develop core competencies framework for information professionals of Thai academic libraries in the next decade (2010–2019). The study consisted of two phases, Phase 1- the study of opinions about the roles of Thai academic libraries and information professionals in the next decade (Tanloet & Tuamsuk, 2011) and Phase 2- the development of core competencies framework conducted by using the Delphi technique. This paper presents Phase 2 of the study. The research conceptual framework on core competencies for information professionals was synthesized and adopted from several resources including [Gulati and Raina, 2000] , [Gorman and Corbitt, 2002] , [Abels et?al., 2003] and [Ashcroft, 2004] and University of Nebraska-Lincoln Library (2007). The subject of this small Delphi study included 21 experts from the following three groups: eight instructors of library and information science, eight administrators/practitioners of academic libraries, and five scholars who have had active roles in the library and information professionals. Data were collected in three rounds and analyzed by using the median, mode, and inter-quartile range. Results of the study were concluded and discussed on the three following core competencies for information professionals of Thai academic libraries in the next decade. 1) The Knowledge - consists of eight areas including knowledge of the foundations of information profession, information resources, information and knowledge management, information technology, library and information services, organizational management, research and user studies, and continuing education and lifelong learning. 2) The Skills – consist of 11 skills including user services, information resource management, information technology, marketing, language and communication, team working, analytical thinking, problem solving and decision making, management and planning, teaching and training, conceptual thinking, and knowledge management skills. 3) The personal attributes – consist of seven characteristics including the leadership, service mentality, morals and professional ethics, achievement motivation, accountability, self-management and adaptability.     

图书馆在著作权利益平衡机制中的角色与责任

简述图书馆制度和著作权制度在其形成、发展过程中有着特别的关系,图书馆在著作权利益平衡机制中担当着重要角色。面对利益平衡的砝码向著作权人倾斜的情势,图书馆有促进著作权法确立著作权人利益与社会公共利益的适当平衡点,促进作品的生产、传播与利用之间平衡,促进著作权权能均衡的责任。     

Examining how AI capabilities can foster organizational performance in public organizations

Developing the capacity to digitally transform through AI is becoming increasingly important for public organizations, as a constantly growing number of their activities is now becoming AI-driven. This prompts an understanding of how public organizations should organize in order to derive value from AI, as well as in which forms can value be realized. Against this background, this paper examines how AI capabilities can lead to organizational performance by inducing change in key organizational activities. Using a survey-based study, we collected data from European public organizations regarding the indirect effect AI capabilities have on organizational performance. Data was collected from 168 municipalities from three European countries (Norway, Germany, and Finland) and analyzed by means of structural equation modeling. Our findings show that AI capabilities have a positive effect on process automation, cognitive insight generation, and cognitive engagement. While process automation and cognitive insights are having a positive effect on organizational performance, we found that cognitive engagement negatively affects organizational performance. Our findings document the key resources that constitute an AI capability and showcase the effects of fostering such capabilities on key organizational activities, and in turn organizational performance.     

图书馆平衡著作权私权利益与公共利益的职能审视

图书馆拥有提高公众素质、开发信息资源、传播文化、促进文艺和科技进步的公益性功能。图书馆采购作品,回报作者;传播作品,丰富著作权人收益、保证公众作品使用;守望作品公有领域,确保公共利益。因此,图书馆在维系著作权个人利益与社会公共利益和谐均衡方面,起着至关重要的作用。     

The boundary-spanning role of a cooperative support organization: managing the paradox of stability and change in non-traditional organizations

This project provides an interpretation of how one cooperative support organization, the Nebraska Cooperative Council, discursively functions to help its constituent cooperatives consolidate resources in order to better intersect with organizations in a larger bureaucratic system. In analyzing qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews, surveys, and organizational documents, we found the paradox of stability and change a revealing prism through which to make sense of participants' experiences. We work toward locating and describing how the Council, through its boundary-spanning activities, helps cooperatives manage the paradox of stability and change while protecting their core participatory ideologies. By providing networks of learning, promoting the legitimacy of cooperative forms of organizing, and protecting cooperatives' interests, the Council is an entity helping cooperatives to reconcile their internal requirements for democracy with the external demands of the marketplace.