强制许可与药品获取：美国和巴西的案例研究

运用强制许可威慑开展降价谈判是获取抗疫特效药的一种重要方式,然而各国的实践结果却存在明显差异,强制许可在哪些情况下能够发挥积极作用尚不清晰。新冠肺炎等短期突发疫情全球爆发背景下,疫情类型变得更加复杂、药品需求主体拓展,本文突破已有研究针对发展中国家抗击长期疫情的思路,探讨强制许可在不同情境中发挥的异质性作用。通过对美国和巴西运用强制许可获取特效药的案例进行分析,区分长短期疫情特征,以及发展中与发达国家运用强制许可面临的挑战,本文提炼出了不同情境下影响强制许可威慑有效性的七项重要因素。其中,本国制药水平、进口仿制药的可能性是强制许可发挥威慑作用的基础,运用强制许可威慑次数和其他国家运用强制许可分别作用于长、短期疫情,本国制药行业和经贸部门的反对影响发达国家的决策,原研药企业与所在国的经济报复则会削弱发展中国家强制许可的威慑效果。基于以上结论,本文为发达国家和发展中国家应对短期和长期疫情提供了针对性建议。     

Emotional reactions and coping responses of employees to a cyber-attack: A case study

Cybersecurity is a serious threat to information technology (IT) systems, with most organisations now relying on their IT systems to function day-to-day. Therefore, it is crucial that organisations ensure they are protected. This research investigates the emotional and coping responses of employees towards a cyber-attack. Data was collected through an in-depth case study approach (24 semi-structured interviews) conducted at a global manufacturing company, along with primary observations and a corpus of secondary materials. Our data analysis applied a grounded approach which was then refined using an emotion theoretic lens with the application of Technology Threat Avoidance Theory (TTAT). Drawing on structural appraisal theory, our findings indicate the IT security team in the case study oscillated between positive problem-focused coping and negative emotion-focused coping. A key explanatory feature or turnaround mechanism that mediated this oscillation was senior management empathy and resource mobilization. Building on the analyses, a conceptual model is developed called the Transformation of Coping through Empathic Leadership (T-CEL). The research suggests the crucial role that senior management play in transforming the emotional and coping capabilities of employees through their intervention and support. The study extends the IS Security theoretical background through a TTAT-lens for the analysis of cyber-attack incidents.     

A latecomer's strategy to promote a technology standard: The case of Datang and TD-SCDMA

This paper studied the key strategies used by Datang, a local Chinese firm, to promote TD-SCDMA in order to explore an under-researched topic: how could a latecomer promote a technology standard? The findings suggest that Datang faced formidable challenges because of latecomer disadvantage and transitional institutions. The development of innovation capabilities and new technologies is needed but far from sufficient. It is necessary to develop special capabilities to get support from the government and public stakeholders such as scholars. The experience of Datang offers new insights into the development and adoption of technology standards sponsored by latecomers in developing countries.     

Making a case for speech analytics to improve customer service quality: Vision,implementation, and evaluation

Firms operating in highly competitive markets must find ways to deliver customer value beyond offering competitive prices. Providing superior customer service in such environments becomes a strategic initiative because it can create a competitive advantage by fostering customer loyalty, which can also help ease pressure on profit margins and secure continued revenue flow. In this case study we report a case of utilizing speech analytics to improve customer service quality at a call center of a pharmaceutical supply chain service provider in the U.S. We first describe the strategic rationale behind enhancing customer service quality, followed by the implementation of a quality management program using a novel approach of speech analytics. We then present a longitudinal study that evaluated customer service performance using the data gathered from a team of 120 customer service agents during an 8-month period. Two categories of key performance indicators were established and measured, namely “workforce management” metrics and “customer experience” metrics, which served as the primary indicators in the analysis of the level of success in attaining three strategically identified performance goals to improve customer service quality.     

集群企业跨边界网络整合与二元创新能力共演——1989-2011年的纵向案例研究

跨边界网络整合是全球化背景下集群企业获取能力提升源泉的关键途径,近年来日益兴起的共演理论为刻画两者之间的动态演化过程提供了理论和工具.为此,本文在梳理相关理论基础上,选取国内一家具有20多年成长历史的大型集群企业作为案例研究对象,纵向探索集群企业跨边界网络整合与二元创新能力的共同演化,研究发现:(1)创新能力提升是渐进式创新能力和突破式创新能力二元交互的动态演进过程.(2)二元创新能力动态转化反馈到网络形态变化是集群企业知识网络的多维边界突破,以及边界内外部网络协同整合.(3)跨边界网络整合反过来要求二元创新能力提升以适应网络结构与关系的变化.     

集群企业创业行为的测度及其影响效应——以浙江永康五金产业集群为例

按照Churchill提出的量表开发程序,对集群企业的公司创业进行了操作化,并探讨了集群企业的公司创业行为与其财务绩效的关系以及任务环境对于"公司创业-财务绩效"关系的权变影响。以浙江永康五金产业集群为背景,研究发现集群企业的公司创业可分为四个维度,其对集群企业绩效提升和升级具有重要意义。     

专利视角下科技型企业竞争力提升路径探究——以华为公司发展的动态过程为例

通过分析专利与企业竞争力的关系,提出科技型企业在统一的专利战略基础上,通过专利创造、专利运用、专利保护和专利管理构建技术优势、品牌优势、成本优势和差异化优势,并进而提升企业市场竞争力的发展路径,最后结合华为公司的发展实践,对专利促进科技型企业竞争力提升的动态过程进行案例分析验证,以期为"互联网+"时代众多科技型企业运用专利提升竞争力提供参考和借鉴。