打造快乐生物课堂的策略初探

生物学是研究生命现象和生命活动规律的一门科学。然而,不少学生觉得它枯燥乏味,把生物学习当成了一种负担,课堂上也就失去了应有的生机与活力。在初中生物课堂教学中,教师应运用教育教学的规律,巧妙引导,激发学生的参与意识,让生物课堂成为生长快乐的地方。     

Measuring Student Attitude and Knowledge in Technology-Rich Biology Classrooms

The use of technology in schools is now ubiquitous, but the effectiveness on the learning environment has mixed results. This paper describes the development and validation of an instrument to measure students’ attitudes toward and knowledge of technology with the aim of investigating any differences based on gender after a course where the science department made use of technology as an integral part of teaching biology. In this study, conducted in one school in the state of New York, in the United States of America, the Students’ Attitudes Toward and Knowledge of Technology Questionnaire was administered to nearly 700 high school science students. A principal component and principal factor analysis resulted in new scales from the validation of the instrument that demonstrated high reliabilities. There were statistically significant gender differences in all the scales of the questionnaire in favor of males.     

基于应用型创新人才培养构建动物生物学网络课程

从网络课程的网站建设、教学组织和教学评价方面论述了《动物生物学》网络课程的构建方案,以期解决《动物生物学》课程内容多,信息量大,课时少的矛盾,促进学生自主学习以利于应用型创新人才培养,为网络课程教学改革的深入发展提供借鉴。     

Comparison of Phonological Training Procedures in Kindergarten Classrooms

Abstract

The authors compared the effect of 2 phonological training procedures—segmenting and blending, or first sound identification and rhyming—on the acquisition of reading and spelling skills among kindergarten children. Sixty-one low-skilled kindergartners were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 strategy groups. Children received 20–30 min of instruction in small groups that met twice a week for 10 weeks. Both groups improved significantly in the target skills and in reading and spelling. No significant differences were found between groups on skill acquisition, transfer to untaught skills, or generalization to reading and spelling. Children demonstrated weaker evidence for transfer and generalization than that reported earlier. The results are discussed in terms of treatment differences and support for stimulating generalization.     

Gender Gaps in Achievement and Participation in Multiple Introductory Biology Classrooms

Although gender gaps have been a major concern in male-dominated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines such as physics and engineering, the numerical dominance of female students in biology has supported the assumption that gender disparities do not exist at the undergraduate level in life sciences. Using data from 23 large introductory biology classes for majors, we examine two measures of gender disparity in biology: academic achievement and participation in whole-class discussions. We found that females consistently underperform on exams compared with males with similar overall college grade point averages. In addition, although females on average represent 60% of the students in these courses, their voices make up less than 40% of those heard responding to instructor-posed questions to the class, one of the most common ways of engaging students in large lectures. Based on these data, we propose that, despite numerical dominance of females, gender disparities remain an issue in introductory biology classrooms. For student retention and achievement in biology to be truly merit based, we need to develop strategies to equalize the opportunities for students of different genders to practice the skills they need to excel.     

Classroom Learning Environment of City and Kibbutz Biology Classrooms in Israel

Summaries

English

The Learning Environment Inventory (LEI), adapted to conditions in Israeli schools and factor analysed on an Israeli sample, was administered to 572 students in 10th‐grade biology classes. Fourteen classes were in urban schools, six in Kibbutz district schools. All classes used the same BSCS (yellow version) curriculum. Seven out of the nine scales of the LEI Israeli version yielded significantly different scores for urban and Kibbutz samples indicating a more positive social learning climate in the Kibbutz than in the city. Differences were most marked on scales assessing cohesiveness, favouritism and cliquishness. Results were interpreted to indicate that social climate in classrooms is influenced by school‐wide policies regarding relationships in school, and not only by within‐class factors such as curriculum and teaching method.     

Distance Guest Speakers in Online Synchronous Classrooms: Practical and Legal Considerations

Social work students increasingly are served by distance education, which necessitates the use of creative and innovative online teaching methods. An instructor embarking upon online teaching should consider interpersonal and technical issues, be familiar with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974, and understand other legal implications related to recording a guest speaker. This paper offers an illustrative example and recommendations regarding the use of guest speakers who visit from a distance in a synchronous classroom.     

在线/离线门限短签名

对在线/离线签名方案进行研究,提出一种新的基于身份(id-based)的在线/离线短签名方案,并且把它用在在线/离线门限签名上.该签名的有效性在于产生的签名长度非常短,适合于在网络上快速传输。     

Different Gender Students' Participation in the High- and Low-achieving Middle School Questioning-orientated Biology Classrooms in Taiwan

This case study investigated gender-based differences in classroom participation through examining teacher-student interactions between a female biology teacher and two groups of middle school students, namely high achievers and low achievers. The female teacher used a questioning-orientated instructional strategy as her major teaching style which creates greater opportunities for student participation in biology learning. Classroom sessions were videotaped for one school year, then analysed for gender differences in question-and-answer patterns. The results showed that more teacher-initiated questions, teacher-directed interactions, and teacher feedback were given to males than females in both groups, but a large difference was found between the two groups of students. Girls in the low-achieving biology class (LABC) were more likely to participate at a rate comparable with their male classmates; girls answered more procedure questions and an equal percentage of process questions, called out approximately the same percentage of answers to undirected teacher-initiated questions, and received more instances of praise and follow-up questions. Contrary to what was observed in the high-achieving biology class (HABC), LABC girls initiated more questions than LABC boys.     

教学法课对学生多媒体教学能力的培养

教学法课开设的目的,是培养高师生从事教育工作所必备的一些专业技能和持续发展自身专业素养的基本能力,而多媒体教学能力是学生在现代信息社会从事教师行业所必备的一种能力,所以必须在师范高等院校教学法课程的教学中,注重对学生多媒体教学能力的培养。     

Maya动画技术在生物学网络课件中的应用

根据2007～2009年国家大学生创新性实验项目中利用3D动画构建生物学网络课件的探索实践,分析3D动画技术在生物学网络化教育方面应用的条件、前景和存在问题.使用Maya软件制作6组3D动画课件,探索了从模型构建、材质设置和灯光设置,到动画设计、图片渲染输出以及后期电影合成的一系列过程.结果显示,3D动画视频在当代教育中具有传统方法无可比拟的优势,信息载量更大,直观性优势更明显,趣味性更强;但是也存在应用上的技术条件限制问题.     

浅谈生物教学中对学生能力的培养

对学生能力的培养是现代教育发展的需要。生物教师应在教学中大胆改革,更新观念,通过对学生的实验能力培养,使学生掌握初步的收集和利用信息的能力,学会生物学探索的一般方法,使学生的潜在能力得到充分发展。     

Immersion in a Digital Pool: Training Prospective Online Instructors in Online Environments

This article argues that the online environment is optimal for teaching prospective instructors how to develop and implement online courses. To support this claim, the author draws on hypertext theories to define the online course archive as a constructive hypertext and to describe the work the course archive is able to do when used to instruct prospective online instructors. The claim is further supported through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of a course archive.     

写作的捷径——说话训练——学叶圣陶专论《说话训练》之体会

初中新教材将"听说训练"放在了非常重要的地位,它是对学生实施素质教育的一条重要途径,也是提高学生写作能力的一条捷径.说话训练是开启学生思想之门的钥匙.叶圣陶先生认为一个拙口笨舌的人,往往就是一个思想长期处于含混凌乱状态的人,因而,学会恰当地说话方能适应现代的信息社会.说话必须经过训练,标准是"合于论理,出于至诚".可以设计一种境界,让学生合理地想、整理、表达.也可创造机会,让学生"说话".     

抄袭、创造和责任 --谈案例教育中的素质培养

结合工业设计课程的特点，批克服抄袭，发扬创造精神提高到一个影响民族经济振肖的高度上来，提出今后的“案例”教育应把培养设计师的创造精神和对社会的责任感融合进去做为四年本科教育的主线，塑造品学兼优的有责任感的未来社会建设。     

Immersion in a Digital Pool: Training Prospective Online Instructors in Online Environments

This article argues that the online environment is optimal for teaching prospective instructors how to develop and implement online courses. To support this claim, the author draws on hypertext theories to define the online course archive as a constructive hypertext and to describe the work the course archive is able to do when used to instruct prospective online instructors. The claim is further supported through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of a course archive.     

口译中的短时记忆及其训练

以认知心理学的研究成果为基础,对短时记忆的实质和特点进行分析,并探讨了短时记忆在口译过程中的作用。随后提出了口译教学中训练学生的短时记忆的方法。目的是引起口译教师对这一技能的重视。加强其训练,提高口译教学的效果和质量。     

地方本科院校细胞生物学网络课程建设探索与实践

细胞生物学是生命科学中最重要的基础学科之一。本文介绍了笔者以创新人才培养为导向的细胞生物学网络课程建设的内容及其实践应用。实践证明,其对学生的学习有很好的辅助作用,发展了学生学习的主体性,培养了学生良好的创新意识和科研思维。