Changes in the Management of Doctoral Education

This article deals with the current reform of European doctoral education. It is argued that the concrete results of the reform can be better understood by analysing changes in the management of doctoral programmes. This rests on the case study of a Norwegian PhD programme in finance and is based on an analytical framework composed of three public management narratives: New Public Management (NPM), Network Governance (NG) and Neo-Weberian-State (NWS). The latter allows for a particular focus on the instruments, actors and objectives of governance. The article concludes that the examined doctoral programme's management story can be divided into two episodes. The first — the 'internationalisation' episode — is shaped by the academic profession in finance which uses a wide range of constraining NPM instruments and applies them in a comprehensive manner to doctoral education in order to achieve its overall objective, namely to implement an internationally competitive PhD programme. The second — the 'integration' episode — is about a recently developed policy instrument with relatively non-constraining NWS elements, used by the State to establish National Research Schools. The latter are principally aimed at the better development and coordination of doctoral training between small and large higher education institutions. Due to those differences between the two episodes in terms of constraining character and scope, the reform of the examined doctoral programme is strongly shaped by the first episode. Hence, the reform essentially consists in a doctoral programme with an international and academic character.     

Diversity,Doctoral Education and Policy

This paper argues the importance of diversity for research and doctoral education and the key role of policy in encouraging it. It considers the impact of higher education policy on diversity in doctoral education through the three prevailing themes of cost, concentration and relevance, illustrating in each instance both positive and negative influences. It is a time of dynamic change where the role and purposes of doctoral study and the role and production of knowledge in society are changing. Policy plays an important part in leading and shaping this development.     

Politics,a Need and Danger for Education

This article advances the argument that special education is expanding as part of a restructuring of the education‐training system to deal with large numbers of young people who are now defined as unable or unwilling to participate in normal education. The expansion is occurring as attempts are made to change education to fit the perceived needs of a technologically‐based society in which a large social group will be partially or permanently unemployed. Evidence for expansion is examined, professional interests in an expanding clientele are noted, and the dilemmas inherent in comprehensive schooling and a disappearing youth labour market are discussed. The concept of special needs is thought to have become an ideological rationalisation which obfuscates the educational, political and economic needs actually served by the expansion.     

Roses,Ducks, and Doctoral Degrees in Counselor Education

Points of agreement and disagreement with Randolph's article on changing the non-psychology doctorate in counselor education are presented.     

药学类高校实验室安全隐患分析及风险管理

实验室安全是高校安全管理工作中的重点。药学类实验教学涵盖了多种类型的实验,通过对化学、医学和实验动物学的实验室中存在的安全隐患进行分析和比较,总结出了针对药学类高校实验室中存在的安全问题和隐患,并进一步提出了药学类实验室的安全风险管理方法,为我国高校药学类实验室的设施建设和安全管理体制建设提供一些参考和启示。     

博士生学费与博士学制变革

杂费与学费分离之后,对研究生教育的成本分析表明,博士生在非课程学习的研究阶段,学校没有教育成本付出,不应收学费。对博士生学习过程的分析表明,中间一年课程学习将研究阶段分割成两部分,从而造成知识生产与人才培养的双重低效率,博士生学制因此应该变为6年一贯制,将研究阶段的时间相对集中。对现阶段博士生机会成本与未来收益的研究说明,博士生资助是当前政策的关键。     

试论加强教育组织风险管理

在中国社会转型时期,教育组织环境发生了巨大变化,各种不确定因素随时存在,教育组织风险凸现。现代教育组织应关注风险,采取科学方法减少风险损失和影响;应树立科学的风险管理新理念,视风险损失为获得机遇和收益的必要代价。     

美国专业博士教育：问题、论争与改革

美国的专业博士教育起步早,发展快,规模大,一直都是各国争相效仿的对象,但是近年来美国专业博士教育的学位认证以及培养模式等方面也出现了诸多问题,一些高等教育机构开始围绕这些问题进行调查、研究并取得了初步进展,以期为国家制定相关政策提供建议。政府相关部门也开始着手进行改革。     

Accountability, Assessment and Doctoral Education: recommendations for moving forward

This article opens with an overview of the pressures that have led to heightened calls for accountability in higher education, both in the US and Europe. Noting that doctoral programmes have, to date, drawn minimal attention in the accountability debates, the authors note that these programmes cannot stay forever on the sidelines. Drawing on their knowledge of the American context in particular, the authors go on to outline current efforts to assess the quality of doctoral programmes in the US with attention to how these efforts respond to accountability demands. They urge the higher education community to re-shape the accountability discussion, shifting its centre from government to higher education and the institutions training doctoral students who will become faculty. Crucially, they argue that graduate programmes should train doctoral students to undertake and use discipline-appropriate assessment measurement and scholarship as part of their future work as college and university instructors. If doctoral students emerge as faculty with an understanding of how to conduct assessments for the purpose of improving student learning, they will advance not only their fields, but higher education more generally.     

丹麦博士生教育的现状、特点和启示

丹麦博士生教育历史悠久,但现代学位系统的建立相对较晚。本文论述了丹麦博士生教育的现状,总结了丹麦博士生教育的三大特点:小而精的教育模式,对博士生的资助金额高,重视校企联合培养博士。在此基础之上,本文提出了丹麦博士生教育对中国博士生教育发展的若干启示。     

博士生教育质量生成机制研究

生成性思维是博士生教育质量生成机制的逻辑支点。博士生教育质量生成机制具有过程性、生态主体性和动态生成的特性,包含质量观及其变革的价值机制、导向与激励的动力机制、生态主体与生态环境相互作用的影响机制、输入-过程-结果质量有机链接的链接机制和基于教育质量评价的保障机制。     

美国博士生教育的改革动向

近年来,美国国内对博士生教育批评颇多,整个博士生教育体系面临巨大挑战.为此,美国政府机构以及许多私人慈善基金会发起或资助多项针对博士生教育问题的改革,取得了不同程度的效果.     

质量风险管理:我国高等教育何以应付?

高校作为一个相对独立的市场主体,也面临着各种各样的风险,把风险管理的理论和方法应用于教育质量风险的管理,是高等教育质量保障领域中开拓性的尝试。对我国当前的高等教育进行教育质量风险管理具有非常重要的现实意义和长远的战略意义。     

The Risky Business of Doctoral Management

Universities are under no less pressure to adopt risk management strategies than other public and private organisations. The risk management of doctoral education is a particularly important issue given that a doctorate is the highest academic qualification a university offers and stakes are high in terms of assuring its quality. However, intense risk management can interfere with the intellectual and pedagogical work which are essentially part of doctoral education. This paper seeks to understand how the culture of risk meets the culture of doctoral education and with what effect. The authors draw on sociological understandings of risk in the work of Anthony Giddens (2002 Giddens, A. 2002. Runaway world: How globalisation is reshaping our lives, London: Profile Books.  [Google Scholar]) and Ulrich Beck (1992 Beck, U. 1992. Risk society: Towards a new modernity, London: Sage. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]), the anthropological focus on liminality in the work of Mary Douglas (1990 Douglas, M. 1990. Risk and blame, London: Routledge.  [Google Scholar]), and the psychological theorising of human error in the work of James Reason (1990 Reason, J. 1990. Human error, New York: Cambridge University Press. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]). The paper concludes that risk consciousness brings its own risks—in particular, the potential transformation of a culture based on intellect into a culture based on compliance.     

质量风险管理:中国高等教育何以应对?

高校作为一个相对独立的市场主体,也面临着各种各样的风险,把风险管理的理论和方法应用于教育质量风险的管理,是高等教育质量保障领域中开拓性的尝试。对我国当前的高等教育进行质量风险管理具有非常重要的现实意义和长远的战略意义。     

博士生教育质量评价:沿革与启示

科学评价博士生教育质量对于引导和推动博士生教育发展具有重要意义。我国博士生教育质量评价大致可以概括为四个阶段:政府主导的输入质量评价、事业性机构参与的输出质量评价、学生主体视角的过程质量评价及多元主体介入的发展质量评价。基于对博士生教育质量评价发展沿革的梳理,提出博士生教育质量评价发展启示:一是提倡多元主体共同参与,回应不同主体对于博士生教育质量的诉求;二是关注毕业博士群体,从毕业博士视角反思博士生教育状况;三是构建科学可行的博士生教育质量评价体系,全面准确地衡量博士生教育质量;四是适当公开相关评价标准和数据信息,切实发挥博士生教育质量评价的效用。     

博士生培养的新领域：创业学博士项目的国际进展

开展创业学博士项目对建立创业学学科和解决创业师资短缺问题具有重要意义。在实践中,创业学博士项目形成教学与科研并重的目标定位,并采取多项创新性举措保证其人才培养质量。未来,创业学博士项目要进一步明确目标、加强质量监管、建立信息共享平台。我国在开展创业学博士项目过程中要充分考虑目标的多元化、关注学生教学能力的培养、加强区域和院校合作。     

博士学位论文双盲评阅风险分析

在现行博士学位论文评阅制度下,博士论文双盲评阅主要面临两类风险:一类是将合格的论文评审为不合格论文,另一类是将不合格论文评审为通过。基于专家评阅水平和博士学位论文的质量水平,建立了博士论文双盲评阅风险与评阅专家数量、评阅通过规则之间的关系模型。最后,通过运用模型进行计算分析,得出了不同假设情况下两类风险水平的变化规律。     

The Doctoral Comprehensive Examination in Counselor Education

According to recent survey results, the doctoral comprehensive examination is still the most often used method of evaluating doctoral students for candidacy. Widespread dissatisfaction, however, on the part of both professors and students continues. This article gives suggestions for improving the written portion of the doctoral comprehensive examination.