The dilemma of reforms in financing higher education in India

Higher education systems are increasingly starved of financial resources. India is not an exception. The recent trends in financing of higher education in India are indeed disturbing. Quite a few important proposals are being made in this context by national governments and international organizations. International experience will be of considerable importance in formulating new policies. In this paper a select few proposals are described, the national and international experience on the same is contrasted with each proposal, and the necessary lessons are drawn. It is shown that the suggestions that are being made for developing countries do not have empirical validity, if the practices of developed countries are taken to provide any guidance.     

基于社会管理需求构建社区职业教育体系

剖析职业教育在社会服务中的现状,分析发达国家社区职业教育经验,对比教育投入的成效,针对性地提出构建社区职业教育体系,实施促进教育公平的措施,为实现教育的可持续发展、促进社会管理创新提供参考。     

On the elusive nature of high Chinese achievement

It is argued that Stankov's proposal to view unforgivingness as underlying the combination of high educational achievement, anxiety, and self-doubt is an original way of summarizing Confucian score patterns. However, it is argued that the proposal cannot explain why reading scores in Confucian countries are not higher than in other countries and that an empirical study to test the proposal is difficult to conduct as it would require the involvement of many different countries.     

对我国环境税制及其配套政策设计的思考

利用环境税来解决环境污染问题已被发达国家的经验证明是一种有效的方法,文章客观地分析了我国现行环境税费存在的问题,适时提出了环境税制以及配套措施的设计方案。     

睦邻、安邻、富邻是对我国睦邻友好外交政策的丰富和发展

新一届领导人提出“睦邻、安邻、富邻”的政策主张，是对中国传统的睦邻友好外交政策的丰富和发展。中国经济社会发展需要和平稳定的周边环境提供外部保证。继续加强区域合作是实现“睦邻、安邻、富邻”的有效机制。     

发达国家批发商业比较与我国批发业的再造

美国、日本、法国的批发业，在相当程度上代表了北美、亚洲和欧洲乃至世界主要国家批发商业的基本特点和发展趋势。我国的批发业正处在新旧体制交替的过程中，从总体上看，宏观经济的变化、生产商和零售商的直接交易、市场竞争以及零售业各种新业态的出现，在相当程度上都影响着批发商业的未来发展。本从及时更新观念、开展零售支援、实施战略重组、向现代物流中心过渡、建立低费用运行体制等等方面，对我国批发业再造提出了系统的建议。     

新千年亚洲职业培训的现状与发展方向

经济发展水平的不均衡性导致了亚洲各国职业培训发展水平的差异性.进入新世纪以来,亚洲各国的职业培训发生了重大变化.首先,尽管各国基本上均有公立培训和私立培训两种体系,但是发达国家更加重视利用私立机构开展培训;其次,各国基本上均由劳动或就业部门管理培训,且重视制定相关法律和战略规划;再次,在受训学员的构成方面,发达国家为在职工人提供的培训较多;最后,在培训的层次方面,发达国家更加重视提高性培训.     

严峻的现实:发展中国家教育面临的共同问题

本文从发展中国家教育发展的现状出发，从宏观上具体总结了当今发展中国家教育发展中面临的主要共同问题：教育财政的短缺与投资结构的失调：教育设施、设备不足，教材、图书资料和合格师资短缺：教育内部效益低下，如辍学、失学、留级等现象普遍存在；二元结构明显，区域、城乡、性别间的教育机会不均等日益严重；人才流失的趋势也难以遏制。当然不同的区域，由于历史文化、地理环境、政治与经济发展的差异性也呈现出不同的发展特征。     

高等教育国际化的前景展望:动因与现实

作为当今世界不可逆转的趋势,全球化推动了高等教育国际化的进程,促成了高等教育成为国际自由贸易的一个重要组成部分,并使得营利性高等教育部门的影响力不断扩大。由于高等教育的优势资源主要集中在发达国家,少数发达国家主导了高等教育的国际化,并从中获得了大部分的经济利益,而中等收入国家和发展中国家则扮演了高等教育的购买国。最新的研究表明,虽然新的机会和潜在的利益与风险并存,但国际化仍然是未来世界高等教育发展的主要趋势。     

游戏化网络课程的设计与应用研究

针对游戏进入中小学课堂教学出现的困难和障碍,提出了构建面向中小学生的基于游戏化学习的网络课程。分门别类地详细介绍了此类课程的设计理念和特点:一是基于游戏化学习的课程;二是面向中小学生的网络课程;三是大学和中小学共同开设课程,同时针对每种特点提出相应的设计策略。随后,开发了"农场狂想曲科学探究网络课程",并开展了准实验研究,探讨了游戏化网络课程的教学成效。     

Factors affecting the quality of engineering education in the four largest emerging economies

A huge increase in engineering graduates from the BRIC countries in recent decades potentially threatens the competitiveness of developed countries in producing high value-added products and services, while also holding great promise for substantially increasing the level of global basic and applied innovation. The key question is whether the quality of these new BRIC engineers will be high enough to actualize this potential. The objective of our study is to assess the evolving capacity of BRIC higher education systems to produce qualified engineering graduates. To meet this objective, we compare developments in the quality of undergraduate engineering programs across elite and non-elite higher education tiers within and across each BRIC country. To assess and compare the quality of engineering education across the BRIC countries, we use multiple sources of primary and secondary data gathered from each BRIC country from 2008 to 2011. In combination with this, we utilize a production function approach that focuses on key input-, process- and outcome-based indicators associated with the quality of education programs. Our analysis suggests that in all four countries, a minority of engineering students receives high quality training in elite institutions while the majority of students receive low quality training in non-elite institutions. Our analysis also shows how the BRIC countries vary in their capacity to improve the quality of engineering education.     

Foreign Aid to Education: Recent U.S. Initiatives-Background,Risks, and Prospects

The Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) is a commitment of the United States to raise its grant aid by a factor of 50% over the next 3 years and will result in a $5 billion annual increase over current foreign aid levels. Many other countries and multinational development assistance agencies will be asked to help cofinance this new account, and their participation would augment this original proposal from the United States. The MCA offers the opportunity for a quantum change in the prospects for peace, stability, and the alleviation of poverty. However, will it work? This article suggests that the MCA will work only if it addresses several important dilemmas in the nature of foreign aid conditionality and the terms of reference of foreign aid organizations.     

How the ICT Development Level Influences Students’ Digital Reading Literacy: A Multi-level Model Comparison Based on PISA 2018 Data

The purpose of this study is to systematically showcase and evaluate how students’, schools’, and countries’ Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development levels influence students’ digital reading literacy by using the data of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 and the multi-level model approach. It is found that the ICT development at each level has a significant positive effect on students’ digital reading literacy, and there is a significant interactive moderating effect between different levels. The gap in ICT development levels between the countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and developed economies has a “Matthew effect” in widening the digital reading literacy gap in the short term, but in the long run, the faster growth of the countries participating in BRI in ICT development levels will narrow the gap and alleviate the effect. China should make use of its advantages in ICT development to engage in global education governance, facilitate the co-development in both the ICT development level and the digital reading literacy for the countries participating in BRI, and contribute to the development of global education by opening up a new way of development.     

Imagining a Project: Networks,Discourses and Spaces — Towards a New Archaeology of Urban Education

This paper is concerned with the creation of new forms of historical research in education which uses and reflects the changes in methodology and substantive concerns of other disciplines across the shifting boundaries of scholarly work on the social. It is based upon a practice developed out of a series of international seminars and an unfunded research proposal. It is an attempt to use contemporary theory in cultural studies, geography and the sociology of technology to assemble arguments for a new approach to urban education history in which the silences of the field and the method, the restlessness about its boundaries and practices and its contemporary possibilities are collated into a proposal of work. This is called the new archaeology of schooling.     

Assessing the Effects of Changing Institutional Aid Policy

Since 1994, enrollments of nonresident students have been declining at The University of Iowa. Since nonresident students pay over three times as much tuition as resident students, have historically comprised 35 to 40% of each fall's incoming class, and the enrollment declines are disproportionately among high-ability students, this trend is particularly troubling. In an attempt to reverse this decline, administrators decided to offer a new scholarship to selected nonresident students. This article demonstrates how the effects of this policy proposal were modeled in an attempt to provide decision makers with timely and useful information.     

高校联合办学的教学服务体系构建

本文介绍了国内外高校联合办学的情况,论证了在全国范围内开展联合办学的可能性,最后构建了高校联合办学的教学服务体系。     

行政合同界定及其救济方式研究——以比较为主要视角

行政合同是在传统的单纯命令性和强制性的行政行为方式无法圆满的实现行政目的,对于行政目的的实现手段需要多样化的情形下,私法领域的合同观念被逐渐应用到公法领域,应时代的要求产生并发展起来的。结合,国外一些国家行政法理论,我国构建行之有效的行政合同纠纷解决机制应注意:1.应在行政诉讼中构建专门的双向性构造模式以解决行政合同纠纷;2.建立行政合同的调解救济方式等。     

文化产业之新兴行业——数字媒体艺术现阶段发展研究

目前世界各个国家都非常重视文化产业的发展,文化产业的发展水平直接影响了国家经济的发展。越是发达的国家,文化产业对经济发展的影响就越大。作为文化产业链中的新兴行业—数字媒体艺术近年来发展势头强劲。文章中对近年来数字媒体艺术的发展现状做出相应归纳总结并分析研究。     

跨越绿色贸易壁垒的对策思考

绿色贸易壁垒是发达国家借保护环境之名,提高进口产品的环保技术要求,在国际贸易中限制发展中国家产品的进口,利用世界贸易组织规则的许可,设置一种新的贸易的壁垒。我们应该采取积极的态度,切实可行的对策,跨越绿色贸易壁垒的障碍。     

Academic Planning and Organizational Design: Lessons From Leading American Universities

The emerging competitive environment of higher education, both within and between countries, is requiring universities in Europe and other pans of the world to emulate American institutions by becoming corporate entities with an independent capacity to make strategic choices among academic programmes and activities. A number of the leading American universities have developed comprehensive planning processes that offer suggestive guidance for managing in this new environment. These processes have emphasized: clarifying and articulating norms essential to the legimacy of planning; grouping and consolidating functions; promoting reciprocal communication; encouraging the development of a planning capacity within each strategic unit; and increasing direct communication and the sharing of information among members of the academic community. Essentially these universities have conceived of comprehensive planning as a problem of organizational design, systematically seeking means of promoting integration in a highly differentiated organization. The specific mechanisms by which this integration has been accomplished are reviewed.