Universal and Specific Services for University Students with Specific Learning Disabilities: The Relation to Study Approach,Academic Achievement,and Satisfaction

In recent years, an increasing number of students with specific learning disabilities (SLDs) have enrolled in universities. The present exploratory study examined the frequency of use and appreciation of universal (open to every student) and specific services (offered to students with SLDs) and their relation to age, academic achievement, satisfaction, self-efficacy, and use of self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies. Participants were 147 Italian university students with SLD diagnoses (42 males; mean age: 22.49, SD = 3.29). Results showed that, overall, the frequency of use and appreciation of specific services were positively related to academic satisfaction, self-efficacy, and SRL strategies. Furthermore, frequency of use of compensatory tools and dispensatory measures was positively associated with academic achievement. These findings suggest that universities play an important role in supporting students with SLDs during their academic years by providing them with useful services and accommodations.     

The University Experiences of Students with Learning Disabilities

To explore the university experiences of students with learning disabilities (LD), 63,802 responses to the 2014 Student Experience in the Research University Survey were analyzed. Compared to other students, those with self‐reported LD (5.96 percent) had difficulty with assignments and had more obstacles caused by nonacademic responsibilities and imposed by their skill levels. Students with self‐reported LD sensed more bias toward people with disabilities on campus, and they were less satisfied with their overall experience. Interactions between disability status and age suggested even more challenges for older students who self‐reported LD. Approximately one‐third of students who self‐reported LD received accommodations. The rate of accommodations was higher among individuals who were wealthy, who lived alone, and who were out‐of‐state students. Compared to students who self‐reported LD but reported no accommodations, those with accommodations had more contact with faculty and less difficulty with assignments.     

学习困难学生理解监测和控制的特点

以即刻学习判断分数和学习分配时间为指标,采用2×2混合实验设计,考察在不同难度的阅读材料条件下,学习困难学生理解监测和控制的特点。被试为金华某中学15-16岁的32名学习困难学生和34名学习优秀学生。结果发现,学习困难学生对不同难度阅读材料的即刻学习判断分数显著低于学习优秀学生,学习困难学生用于高难度阅读材料的时间显著少于学习优秀学生。     

学业不良大学生视觉选择性注意特点分析

对591名大学生进行d2测验(选择性注意限时测验),探究学业不良大学生的视觉选择性注意的特点,并利用眼动技术进一步了解学业不良大学生在选择性注意过程中的表现。结果显示,学业不良大学生的选择性注意加工速度、选择性注意控制能力、选择性注意分心物抑制能力与学业优秀大学生相比,均有不同程度的差异。因此,学校及教师可以从改善学业不良大学生的抗干扰能力、审慎程度、速度与正确率的协调能力,来提高他们的学业成绩。     

普通高校学困生学业现状与致困因素分析——基于对西北某高校2009~2012级学生的调查

近年来随着普通高校招生规模的扩张,学业困难学生(简称"学困生")数量渐趋增加,不仅给大学生健康成长与自我发展带来障碍,也给教学与管理工作带来了极大不便和压力,更影响到了高校教育整体教学质量的提升.为全面了解学困生现状,采用访谈与问卷调查相结合的方法,对西北某高校2009~2012级学困生群体进行了调查,在全面考察学困生现状的基础上,重点从学生自身、家庭、社会、学校教学与管理等方面对学困生学业致困因素进行了深入分析,并提出一些有针对性的建议.     

大学生学习适应状况及其与学业成就的关系研究

目的:探讨大学生学习适应状况及其与学业成就的关系。方法:采用自编大学生学习适应状况量表和绩效评价量表对813名在校大学生进行测评,并进行相关和回归分析。结果:大学生学习适应总体状况存在显著性的年级和专业差异,表现为随着年级的升高呈现先下降后上升的趋势;大学生学习适应状况与学业成就之间存在显著性相关;学习方法、学习态度与学习动力对大学生学业成就具有较好的预测作用,学习方法对学业成就的预测能力最强。结论:大学生学习适应状况与其学业成就水平密切相关,而且对其学业成就水平有一定的预测作用。     

Science Education and Students with Learning Disabilities

Students with learning disabilities (LD) are increasingly expected to master content in the general education curriculum, making the need for effective instructional supports more important than ever before. Science is a part of the curriculum that can be particularly challenging to students with LD because of the diverse demands it places on cognitive performance. In this summary we review a number of strategies that have been validated for learners with LD. The strategies include supports for (a) verbal learning of declarative information, (b) processing information in texts, (c) activities‐based instruction/experiential learning, (d) scientific thinking and reasoning, and (e) differentiated instruction. We also summarize the research regarding the impact of teacher behavior on achievement for students with LD in science education. The strategies reviewed yield tangible and positive effect sizes that suggest that their application to the target domain will substantially improve outcomes for students with LD in science education.     

城乡科学学习困难学生学业相关因素分析

本研究利用大规模学业水平测试数据,分析8年级学生科学学习困难学生学业相关因素的特点。研究发现:城乡学生科学学习困难检出率没有差异,但科学学习困难检出率的性别差异因城乡而异。城乡科学学习困难学生的学业相关因素水平与正常学生的差异因城乡和性别不同也有不同。师生关系是学生科学学习困难最有效的预测因素,并不随城乡、学生性别而异。家庭社会经济地位对科学学习困难的预测作用亦不能排除。     

Social Skills Learning for Students with Learning Disabilities and Students with Behaviour Disorders

This study examined the effects of a computer‐assisted social skills intervention on the social competence and behaviour adjustment of students with special needs. The sample consisted of 114 male students, divided into two groups: 52 students with learning disabilities (LD) (mean age = 12.23; SD = 1.12) and 62 students with behaviour disorders (BD) (mean age = 12.53; SD = 1.34). The students were trained with the “I Found a Solution” computer‐assisted social skill package. The intervention consisted of the computer‐assisted program and teacher‐guided work. Each student was assessed, before and after the training, on: teacher‐rated self‐control and maladjusted behaviours, peer‐rated social acceptance and self‐rated loneliness. Through conceptualisation based on the students’ loneliness and externalising maladjustment, four subgroups were identified: (a) relatively adjusted students; (b) externalising and not‐lonely students; (c) lonely and non‐externalising students; and (d) lonely and externalising students. The analyses included subgroups b, c and d, excluding the relatively adjusted subgroup, adding up to a sample of 83 students (35 students with learning disabilities and 48 students with behaviour disorders). A series of two‐way ANOVAs with repeated measures (grouping by subgrouping, with pre‐/post‐training scores as the repeated measures) revealed that following training, students in both groups felt less lonely and were more accepted by peers. Teachers rated them as demonstrating higher levels of self‐control and decreased externalising and internalising maladjustment. The differential impact of the training between groups (LD/BD) and among subgroups (b/c/d) highlighted the significance of the subtyping approach for understanding the children's social learning profiles and for directing effective social skill programming.     

大学生的自主学习能力培养

自主学习能力是大学生的基本能力之一,我国大学生自主学习意识薄弱,缺乏正确的学习策略的选择能力,自主学习能力较差,针对这些原因制定了大学生自主学习动力的培养方案。     

Infusing Culturally Responsive Instruction to Improve Mathematics Performance of Latino Students with Specific Learning Disabilities

Culturally responsive instruction has the advantage of helping diverse students make academic gains. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of culturally infused mathematics lessons on the academic achievement of five middle school Latino students with specific learning disabilities in a resource classroom. We used an ABACACA multiple treatment reversal design, in which two forms of culturally responsive instruction (B) and its modification (C) were compared with the traditional instruction (A). The results of the study indicated that the modified culturally responsive mathematics instruction (C) was associated with increases in positive gains in participants' daily mathematics quizzes. Limitations and implications are discussed in relation to culturally responsive instruction for middle school Latino students with specific learning disabilities.     

Computer-Mediated Intersensory Learning Model for Students with Learning Disabilities

This article proposes a computer-mediated intersensory learning model as an alternative to traditional instructional approaches for students with learning disabilities (LDs) in the inclusive classroom. Predominant practices of classroom inclusion today reflect the six principles of zero reject, nondiscriminatory evaluation, appropriate education, least restrictive environment, procedural due process, and parental and student participation. These practices guide the amended Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 2004. For nearly 35 years the act has championed for the rights of children with disabilities. The act mandates that students with LDs are educated in the general education classroom (Hock, Deshler, & Schumaker, 1999).     

随班就读轻度智力残疾学生阅读能力研究

采用试卷分析的方法,以265名3—5年级随班就读轻度智力残疾学生为对象,研究其在词语、句子、修辞格、段落以及篇章理解等五个层面的阅读能力,并与634名年级匹配的普通学生的阅读能力进行比较。结果显示,随班就读轻度智力残疾学生的阅读能力普遍偏低,个体间差异较大,与普通学生存在极其显著的差距;基础知识及阅读技能的不足、智力与非智力因素欠缺等是随班就读生阅读能力较低的主要原因。     

学习障碍学生社会技能迁移及其干预

学习障碍学生的社会技能缺失主要表现在社会认知、判断力、情感识别能力、社会成熟、社会交往活动频率、人际排斥及社会技能迁移等方面,这些社会技能缺乏的表现可归为四种基本类型.学习障碍学生的社会技能干预模式主要包括直接教学形式和策略教学模式.教育者可根据社会技能缺失的类型和特点设计社会技能训练过程,并采取不同的干预方法对学习障碍学生进行干预.     

基于大规模学业水平测试的科学学习困难学生特点分析

本研究利用大规模学业水平测试数据,分析8年级学生科学学习困难的基本特点。研究发现:女生的科学学习困难发生率高于男生;学习困难的女生的科学成绩略高于男生;多数学生的科学学习困难会在生物、物理、地理等多个学科领域同时发生;科学学习困难学生内容和认知各个维度上的成绩是与正常学生的差距大致相同,他们对科学问题的回答倾向于基于经验和直觉,并表现出科学能力低下的特点。     

国外学习困难学生研究综述

自1896年摩根发现词盲现象,从医学角度确定学习困难的概念以来,有关学习困难的研究一直受到教育界、心理界和医学界的广泛关注,并已成为一个重大难题。世界各国的研究者分别从学习技能、社会性、心理特点等方面对学习困难进行了研究。一、学习困难的界定和类型1.学习困难的界定学习困难,也称“学习失能”(Learning Disabilities)或学习不良,这一概念由美国学者柯克(S.kirk)在20世纪60年代首先提出,用来标示那些智力正常而学业成绩长期滞后的学生。从20世纪80年代末以来,人们在界定学习困难时,回避对原因问题的争论,而普遍接受美国学习困难…     

学习障碍学生社会技能训练的内容与方法

社会技能训练在促进学习障碍学生社会技能发展方面具有重要作用。学习障碍学生社会技能训练的内容主要包括基本交往技能、情绪情感表达和控制技能、社会关系技能、课堂交往技能、决策与问题解决技能以及冲突管理技能。学习障碍学生社会技能训练主要通过六步直接教学法、隐性课程法、社会解析法和应用行为分析法进行     

在表现性学习中促进学困生的转化与发展

对学困生人们一般是以考试成绩或教学大纲为标准来界定的,对学困生的转化也往往围绕这个方面做工作。在表现性学习看来,学困生的学习困难是局部的、暂时的、动态的,每个人都有自己擅长的领域与方式,假如给他们表现的机会与平台,激发他们表现的欲望与潜能,发挥他们自身的优势,促进他们独特、多样、充分地表现,那么,人人都精彩,个个都灿烂。     

Teaching Multiplication with Regrouping to Students with Learning Disabilities

The Common Core Standards require demonstration of conceptual knowledge of numbers, operations, and relations between mathematical concepts. Supplemental instruction should explicitly guide students with specific learning disabilities (SLD) in these skills. In this article, we illustrate implementation of the concrete‐representational‐abstract (CRA) sequence and the Strategic Instruction Model (SIM) for teaching multiplication with regrouping to students with SLD. CRA combined with SIM has been shown to be effective in teaching computation for students with SLD, specifically for developing conceptual understanding. Four elementary students with SLD participated in this study. The researchers used a multiple‐probe design to show a functional relation. Students demonstrated increases in computational fluency; skills were maintained and generalized.