论高等教育全球化的指标体系

高等教育从国际化到全球化是一个过程,是一个渐进、量变的过程,更是一个量变引起质变的过程。高等教育由国际化演变为全球化的"度"可以从三个方面考察:一是高等教育从国际化到全球化的组织临界标准,即高等教育市场全球化指标;二是高等教育从国际化到全球化的留学生临界标准,即留学生市场全球化指标;三是高等教育认证从国际化到全球化的临界标准,即高等教育质量全球化指标。     

Challenges to Academic Values and the Organization of Academic Work in a Time of Globalization

With the ongoing Bologna Process in mind, the author analyzes the effects of globalization on the academic world. In so doing, he traces the origins of globalization, arguing that it is not as new a phenomenon as one might think. He then analyzes the interactions of academic work and globalization and of academic values and globalization. Focusing on Central and Eastern Europe, the author proposes that the negative effects of the communist period on higher education in the region have stimulated a greater awareness of the fragility of traditional academic values than may be the case elsewhere, and a heightened desire to protect them. At the same time, the experience of communism (and now of transition) seems to have imparted great flexibility and pragmatism to higher education in the region as it responds to the challenges of globalization. Still, globalization is highly challenging to European higher education, East and West.     

中国高等教育全球化的现状、问题与对策

全球化作为又一场影响人类历史的深刻变革,它在重塑世界高等教育图景的同时,也在改变着各国高等教育的政策议程。作为高等教育后进国家,中国必须直面这场挑战。事实上,在经贸层面,我们对高等教育服务项目已经做出了未做限制的承诺,但在文化心理和实践操作层面似乎准备不足,无论理念、话语还是技术,都表现出明显的过渡性特征,内外张力明显,公民社会和本土文化发育不良,还存在诸如行政化管理、市场化方式、西方化路径和应激式举措等问题。因此,围绕高等教育强国建设目标,构建全球化系统战略,成为中国高等教育的必然选择。     

全球美学与中国特色

全球化不能只是西方化，全球化的实质，应是人类的优秀文化全人类共享。在全球化的今天，只有一种美学，那就是全球美学。我们建构的当代美学虽然也是全球性的，但却是具有中国特色的美学。中国古代不仅有着丰富的美学思想，而且有一个完整的与西方美学可以相互印证但又不一样的美学体系。这个体系对于构建当今具有中国特色的全球美学具有极其重要的价值。     

公平而卓越:世界教育发展的新追求

随着知识经济和全球化时代的到来,各国政府和国际组织从政策法案到具体实践,从基础教育到高等教育,都已经不再满足于一般意义上的教育公平和教育质量,公平而卓越已成为当今世界教育新的发展趋势和追求.     

弹性学习与高等教育的变革

作为一种新型的人才培养模式,弹性学习已经成为许多国家高等教育政策的主题。随着全球化进程的加速和弹性学习的实施,传统研究型大学垄断高等教育的地位已被打破,各种新型大学不断涌现出来,以满足不同学习者的教育需求;＂面授教学＂至高无上的神话也告破灭,学习者对接受高等教育的方式拥有了更多的选择;知识的选择与配置不再完全是教师预先给定的,而是师生共同建构的结果;高等教育与社会的联系更加紧密,学术自由、大学自治和绩效责任之间保持适度的张力已成为一种必然趋势。     

Higher Education in Latin America

This article presents an analysis of, and proposals for, international co-operation in higher education. It focuses on Latin American higher education, its current situation, and the expected transformation of the goals of higher education in the context of international co-operation. Education in the Twenty-First Century must be part of the world economic order. As such, it must attend to human necessities. One of the most important goals of the Twenty-First Century should be the building of a new kind of solidarity among human beings, one in which higher education systems will play an important role. The author describes the challenges that globalization poses to Latin American higher education.     

论开放式高等教育

建设创新型国家对中国高等教育是一个严峻的挑战,应对挑战,较为共性、最不容忽视的是高等教育的开放。真正的开放应该缘自高等教育的内在理想,开放并非是目的,它只是一种手段,但它几乎可以统领高等学校所有的基本任务。开放可以使大学更容易发现问题、抓住机遇、摆脱困境、追求卓越,进而促进整个国家高等教育生态的进一步繁荣。     

Travelling the Unpaved Road to Democracy from Communism: A Cross‐Cultural Perspective on Change

The basic subject of this article is change, how one copes with it, how it can or cannot be guided. More specifically, the author, a Czech‐American scholar, examines the processes and the trauma of the post‐1989 transition in his country of birth with an eye to how education, particularly higher education, can contribute to a successful outcome to transition affecting all of society while undergoing transition itself. Crucial to the presentation and arguments of the author is his conviction that the period of communist rule in Czechoslovakia, as in the other central and eastern European countries, was intellectually and morally damaging. For the citizens of the Czech Republic as well as for those of the other central and eastern European countries who also experienced communism and who are now trying to recover from it, it is necessary that they develop a clear understanding of what communism really represented and what it did to them. For them to gain this understanding, the catharsis that goes with it, and the possibility of developing successful reforms that will move their countries forward in a constructive way, they must develop a number of cross‐cultural skills through familiarity with a number of social science and educational disciplines that were more‐or‐less closed to them. The author proposes ways in which these skills can be learned and education at all levels profoundly reformed.     

全球化与高等教育的国际责任

随着经济全球化不断深入,高等教育国际化既是民族国家不可回避的现实,也是高等教育机构应对的策略。在回应国际化挑战的过程中,高等教育系统必须用全球化思维来统观发展方向,更加负责地参与国际化进程,充分考虑到教育质量是持续发展的重要保障。     

MANAGING EDUCATIONAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE GLOBALIZED WORLD: A DEWEYAN PERSPECTIVE

In the globalization scenarios we currently face, educational systems are challenged by different and sometimes competing pressures and requests. These call for a deep transformation of the organization, role, and social function of educational systems. Within this context, the very concept of education has come to be understood in different ways, which sometimes distort its moral and social value. In this essay, Maura Striano contends that from a Deweyan perspective, educational transformation must be seen as strictly connected to social change, and education should be understood as a process that facilitates and supports social growth and development. In order to be effective and fruitful, Striano suggests, this transformation must occur from the inside of educational systems and can only be brought about by reflective and inquiry‐based inner processes if it is to have a sound moral and social impact within the changing framework of the globalized world.

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全球化与大学--不平等世界的神话与现实

关于全球化对高等教育的影响,已经有许多讨论了。有人认为,全球化、互联网与科学共同体可以使各国在知识相互依存的新时代,在高等教育这一竞技场获得平等的机会。有人则宣称,全球化不但意味着世界性的不平等,而且会导致大学“麦当劳化”。也有人认为,当前高等教育所面临的压力,从高等教育大众化到私立高等教育的增长,都是全球化的结果。在这些假设中,有些是正确的、符合实际的,但是也存在不少误解。本文的目的在于“揭示”高等教育全球化与国际化的真实状况,着重讨论全球化对高等教育的一些影响方式。本文特别关注的是:全球化在怎样影响着发展中国家,特别是那些在未来几十年面临着高等教育规模扩展的国家。     

THE PUBLIC'S RESPONSIBILITY TO PROMOTE EXCELLENCE

Despite the many systems — political, social and cultural — in the world, achieving excellence is a common goal. It should not be confused with elitism or simply success, but involves experts, leaders, even heroes: people who set standards and serve as examples to others, in sport, the arts, business, technology. The pursuit of excellence provides motivation; it sets targets and goals, not only for nations but also for personal development. The crucial issue is that of how a society can ensure that all citizens have the chance to fulfil their potentials. What is needed is an environment in which excellence can flourish through provision of incentives, tools and equipment, teaching and support. In all of this, education plays a vital role. It must provide an appropriate climate of challenge, the necessary resources, opportunities for assessment and stocktaking and, finally, competition.     

Globalization and educational restructuring: University merging and changing governance in China

This article sets out in the context of globalization to identify, examine and discuss issues related to structural adjustment and educational restructuring in China, with particular reference to university merging and changes in higher education governance models. While it is basically an historical and documentary analysis of policy change in Chinese higher education, this article focuses on restructuring strategies that the Chinese government has adopted to make its university systems more competitive and efficient in the global market context. University merging in China should not be simply understood as a pure higher education reform but rather a fundamental change in higher education governance model from an ‘interventionist state model’ to an ‘accelerationist state model’. Rather than globalization bringing about the decline of the nation state, this article shows transformations taking place in Chinese universities may not necessarily diminish the capacity of the state but instead make the Chinese government a more activist state in certain aspects.     

深化我国高等教育体制改革的几点思考

经济、科技的全球化进程，未来社会知识化、信息化的发展趋势，要求我国高等教育必须进行整体性变革和制度创新，这需要继续深化高等教育的改革。改革的重心仍然是体制，通过改革建立起政府宏观管理、学校面向社会自主办学的体制。在教育改革、教育发展战略的选择上，要考虑与社会发展相适应的问题，坚持教育发展与社会发展相适应的基本规律。     

高等职业教育院校中的成人教育发展探讨

高等职业教育院校中的成人教育具有服务范围广泛、办学形式多元、教学内容务实等特点,决定了高等职业成人教育必须不断创新创优,继续提升办学实力,加强校政、校企、校校合作与交流,为社会培养更多具有创新能力的技能型人才,服务经济社会发展。     

Seeking excellence in the move to a mass system: Institutional responses of key Chinese comprehensive universities

Since the late 1990s the Chinese government has implemented two key policies for the development of higher education. The first was launching Project 985, with the purpose of seeking excellence through creating internationally competitive universities. The second was a radical move to a mass system of higher education. In this context, China’s top universities have faced dual missions, each with their challenges: playing key roles in the revolutionary expansion process on the one hand and closing the gap between them and top universities around the world through the implementation of Project 985, on the other. It is thus important to know about how these institutions have transformed themselves for excellence through the implementation of these policies. With the three cases of Peking, Nanjing and Xiamen Universities, this paper aims to examine each institutional response and the broad changes that have come about in these top Chinese comprehensive universities. It looks especially at the divergent trajectories these institutions have followed in balancing their elite and mass education functions, their global, national and local missions, the pursuit of excellence alongside of a commitment to equity, efforts at curricular comprehensivization while preserving unique historical strengths, and finally globalization and localization. From two higher education frameworks, one based on epistemological considerations and the other on political philosophy, that are equally important in light of China’s traditions, the paper concludes that Chinese universities will continuously but selectively respond to the national expansion policy with various institutional models of seeking excellence that enable them to contribute to Chinese society and the global community in the future.     

大众化与高等教育组织变革

大众化是21世纪初期我国高等教育变革的典型表现。但由于国民总体受教育水平比较低,劳动人口中接受高等教育的比例不高,所以我国高等教育大众化依然任重道远。组织变革与高等教育大众化相辅相成,组织变革既是高等教育大众化的应有之意,是高等教育可持续发展的基础,又是高等教育功能开发的动力之源。大众高等教育组织增强了吸纳受教育者的能力,满足了广大民众受教育的愿望,激活了高等教育所固有的追求卓越的本性。     

经济全球化背景下的高校德育创新

经济全球化时代加强高校的德育创新势在必行。首先要更新德育观念，建立与经济全球化相适应的高校德育新理念：灌输与渗透相结合，加强引导；从封闭的德育观转变为开放的教育观；强化全球意识，加强全球伦理教育。其次，高校德育创新应从几个方面入手：加强高校德育内容的创新；加强高校德育方法的创新；加强高校德育体制的创新；加强高校德育工作队伍的建设；努力构建高校德育的“自育”模式，提高大学生的自律能力。     

Citizenship,citizenship education,and the state in China in a global age

Citizenship and citizenship education change during periods of social transition, such as globalization. As globalists have argued, while globalization undermines the state, local institutions, values, cultures, and identities, it also facilitates liberal democracy and a common consumer culture. Citizenship education is urged to respond to globalization and its impact on both global and local communities. In reality, virtually no nation state adopts merely global citizenship; rather, they adopt frameworks of multileveled/multidimensional citizenship. With particular reference to citizenship education in the People's Republic of China (PRC), this paper challenges globalists' views for over‐exaggerating the domination of global forces over domestic ones. In particular, the paper examines the complicated struggles associated with the reconfiguration of the PRC's socialist citizenship and citizenship education that have occurred in response to social changes, including globalization. The paper explains the role of the PRC's state in such reconfiguration and offers a new framework that regards citizenship education as being based on different players' sociopolitical selections from a multileveled polity.