论高等教育系统的市场协调机制

市场协调是高等教育系统的基本运行机制。随着高等教育的消费者市场、学术劳动力市场及院校市场的快速成长,中国高等教育系统日益呼唤市场协调机制,并亟待从宏观的大学—政府关系、中观的院校竞争—合作秩序、微观的大学内部治理等多个层面培育市场协调机制。     

世界大学排行质疑

大学排行兴起于20世纪80年代.进入21世纪以来,部分媒体和研究机构开始以世界大学为评价对象进行排行.通过以我国上海交通大学的《世界大学学术排名》(ARWU)和《泰晤士报·高等教育副刊》(THES)的"世界大学排行"为研究对象,从排行目的、指标体系构建和数据收集三方面,对其提出各种质疑,并分析各问题存在的原因.     

博耶的学术生态观与高等学校的学术定位

美国高等教育是一个包括了从社区学院、小型文理学院到“巨型大学”的多样性的生态系统。形成这一多样性系统的原因也是多样的：与其他国家相比,美国高校享有较多的办学自主权;美国现代社会多样化的需求造就了多样化的院校;激烈的院校竞争促进了高校特色的发展。20世纪90年代以来,大学学术生态的重构更加丰富了美国高等教育的多样性。这主要归功于美国卡内基教育促进基金会前任主席欧内斯特·博耶所倡导的大学学术生态观。     

激励与责任：高等教育变化中的制度结构——经济合作与发展组织2002年高等教育学术研讨会综述

OECD2002年高等教育学术研讨会主要议题：（1）以人为本：全球对高等教育系统关注重点的变迁与发展;（2）胡罗卜与大棒;国家政策与院校行为互动的发展趋势;（3）大学跨国化与学术理想：国际教育市场的竞争与合作;（4）人力资源的个体开发：大学职业路径与激励机制;（5）院校个性：今天我们如何管理大学。     

对我国大学排行的思考

大学排行仍是当前的热门话题,我国大学排行也仍然不断受到非议。为了探讨大学排行的一些基本问题, 笔者从国外相对成熟的大学排行的发展简要历程和初期目的入手,结合我国目前大学排行的现状,从高等教育评价 的基本内涵出发,对我国大学排行的发展提出一些建设性意见。     

具有连带产品属性的高等教育

高等教育区别于其他多数产品和服务的一个重要特征是 :它是一种“连带产品”。当学生选择本科学院时 ,首先考虑的不仅是大学的教授、课程和设备 ,而且还同时考虑学校里其他同学的学术能力和社会经济背景。大学里的教授和管理者在选择工作机构时同样考虑他们同事的学术水平和社会背景。这种情形在著名大学表现得尤其突出。高等教育的这一特征对高等教育的分层、竞争、非营利属性、院校规模以及偏好的同质性等现象都有一定的解释力。显然 ,未来的高等教育系统将具有双重性 :在底层 ,竞争相对单一 ;在顶层 ,分层相对突出     

大学行政化对高校教师学术信念的影响与治理

大学行政化是对大学学术文化的异化,并对高校教师的学术信念产生了一定的冲击。这种冲击和影响具体表现为:在大学文化、管理体制和利益机制的作用下,高校教师的学科信念成为不稳定的存在;院校信念从学术共同体向行政共同体趋向转变;职业信念面临学术利他主义与精致利己主义的抉择;高等教育系统信念中学本位与官本位的价值判断遭遇冲突。鉴于此,高校教师坚守学术信念不仅成为有效抑制行政化的需要,也是大学回归学术本真的考量。     

欧洲部分国家高等教育评估综述

一、英国高等教育评估英国高等教育以其悠久的历史和较高的质量而闻名于世界。20世纪60年代～90年代,英国高等教育建立了较为完善的高等教育质量保证与评估体系。英国高等教育质量保证和评估体系由高校外部监督与评估系统、高校内部保障系统和民间监督评估系统(如大学排行)等3个部分组成。1.高校外部监督与评估系统英国高等教育质量保证机构(QAA)对全英国的高校提供统一的综合质量保证服务。QAA所做的主要工作是对高校的学术标准、教学质量和管理进行评估,另外还提供了一些有助于说明学术标准的参考要点。同时,学科或专业评估是QAA质量…     

伯顿·克拉克的高等教育系统整合观点解读——兼论“大学、政府与市场”关系的冲突与调适

伯顿.克拉克的高等教育系统整合观点认为,高等教育工作组织及其伴随的信念产生各种权利关系,学科和院校单位通过国家、市场和学者的协调形成复杂的学术系统。这一观点对高等教育改革的启示在于:从各种权利关系及国家、市场和学者的协调出发解析高等教育系统,探求新型“大学、政府与市场”关系的冲突性及三者关系的调适。     

2015年中国大学竞争力评价与分析

大学评价为我国高等教育提供了现实参考,此次大学评价选取了全面准确的评价对象,利用系统科学的评价体系,对2524所高校进行竞争力评价,并从地区、大学、科研及类型等角度对中国大学竞争力做详细分析。发现我国高校教育仍存在地域差距问题,教育资源分布较为集中;一般院校及民办院校发展较快,重点大学竞争较为激烈;理工类、综合类院校发展较好,艺术类、体育类、民族类高校发展相对不足。     

将留学生教育纳入高等教育国际化建设——谈清华大学留学生工作的若干问题与对策

本文从比较的角度看清华大学留学生教育与国外世界一流大学的差距,并尝试探讨其中可能存在的历史、政策和制度因素,并针对清华大学留学生招收、教学和管理中存在的不足和问题,提出将留学生教育纳入高等教育国际化进程的几点建议。     

Constructing an institutional identity in university tea rooms: the international PhD student experience

This case study profiles eight international PhD students and describes the process of the construction and negotiation of their social and institutional identities in an Australian university. Audio-recorded informal conversations of the students highlight the role of social membership, staffroom interactions and language in the construction of institutional identities. The impact of multiple identity transitions experienced by new international students is described. The data analysis uses a sociocultural perspective of second language in use, which reflects the negotiation of power, space and identity in informal multicultural institutional encounters. The article provides insight into the ways transitions are experienced by international postgraduate students. Findings also include a critique of the negatively loaded stereotype of the ‘international student’ in Australian universities and the way it underplays the heterogeneity of student experience.     

制度分析的层次问题与国际制度研究

经济学和政治学中的新制度主义理论大都将某一层次的制度作为自己的分析对象,而把更高层次的制度作为给定的外生变量.从关于国际制度层次划分的代表性观点来看,构成性制度相对于限制性制度而言是更高层次的制度,普遍性制度相对于特殊性制度而言是更高层次的制度.这种将国际制度区分为不同层次的视角,有助于我们认识国际制度研究中新自由制度主义与建构主义之间的理论争鸣.     

国际公共物品与美国制度霸权

霸权国自古就存在,但当今世界上唯一的全球霸权国就是美国。美国霸权最大的不同之处在于其霸权的制度性。美国制度霸权的特点是其霸权与国际制度相辅相成。国际制度所提供的国际公共物品,是指有纯粹的或一定的非排他性、非竞争性而为所有成员国（组织）或部分参与成员国（组织）所享用的各种制度性体系,包括国际秩序、国际合作、国际安全、国际汇率稳定等方面。国际制度既是国际公共物品的一种供给形式,也是一种特殊形式的国际公共物品。现今国际制度所提供的国际公共物品基本上是以美国霸权为基础,另一方面构成了美国霸权及其维持的主要基石。     

The writing center and international students in a Japanese university: a language management perspective

ABSTRACT

One of the institutional challenges of taking in large numbers of international graduate students is supporting their academic literacy skills. To accommodate a large population of international students, Japanese universities offer various services to support their academic studies and life-related issues, such as hiring international student advisors, offering Japanese language courses, and implementing peer-support programs. As a type of academic support for writing for international students, writing centers have caught the attention of universities in the last decade. To examine the institutional role of the writing center at a Japanese university, this study employs a language management lens to compare the beliefs and interests among administrators, tutors, and international students in improving international students’ Japanese writing. Interviews with the three groups of participants displayed incongruences between the administrators’ interests aligned with institutional goals, the educational philosophy of the writing center, and international students’ language learning needs. The findings point to the tutors' crucial role as language specialists who inform organized language management, and the necessity for collaboration between academic support units and faculty members in providing sufficient academic socialization environments for international students.     

Racism,Equity, and Quality of Education for International Students in South Korean Higher Education Institutes

This study aims to understand equity issues of international students’ learning in Korean higher education institutions by engaging with the issue of racism and identifies how international students in Korea reshape their learning trajectory and how we could provide equitable and quality education for international students. Espousing a qualitative case study design, six students from different background were interviewed to examine features of perceived institutional racism based on their learning experience in Korea. Major findings showed that internationalization has not been fulfilled in terms of engaging with international students although Korean government and higher education institutions have developed relevant policy to attract international students. This study indicates that Korean universities need to reconstruct their social, cultural, and institutional systems to embrace equity, diversity and inclusiveness to empower international students’ capacity.     

Exploring regional and institutional factors of international students' dropout: The South Korea case

With an increasing number of international students in South Korea, the issue of retaining these students and reducing their dropout rates has become important. This study explores the multilevel factors that affect the institutional dropout rate among international students in Korea. The research questions are as follows: (a) to what extent do international students drop out from undergraduate or short‐term programmes in Korean universities?; (b) what are the regional and institutional factors that determine international students' dropout rates? This study uses the panel data on educational institutions as found in the Higher Education in Korea report, which has been updated annually by the Ministry of Education since 2013. According to the pooled ordinary least square and panel analyses, the results indicate that a range of institutional factors (such as type, size, tuition and research performance of academics) and regional factors (such as regional gross domestic product, inflation and the numbers of foreigners in the region) are all associated with the dropout rates of international students. This study suggests that we need to consider various factors to improve the international students' learning experiences both inside and outside of the campus.     

简析国际组织特权与豁免的理论依据

国际组织的特权与豁免是国际组织法的重要理论问题。本文讨论和分析了国际组织享有特权与豁免的理论依据,认为职能必要说、组织独立说和公平受益说等学说是国际组织享有特权与豁免的主要理论依据,它们对于国际组织需要特权与豁免的原因做出了合理的解释,尤其是职能必要说,是基本的也是最重要的理论依据。     

Different,yet similar: factors motivating international degree collaboration in higher education. The case of Finnish-Russian double degree programmes

ABSTRACT

The study investigates factors motivating universities to engage in international degree collaboration. The Finnish-Russian university framework is used as the locus for studying international collaboration. The paper employs resource dependency and institutional, stakeholder and market push and pull perspectives in a conceptual model explaining the drivers of international degree collaboration. The research focuses on the interaction of the various factors that motivate partners to seek international degree cooperation, possible sources of conflict, and issues of compatibility and complementarity. In particular, the study compares the roles of different stakeholders and the institutional contexts of Finland and Russia. The motives of the Finnish and Russian universities included in the study were found to be generally compatible, yet different enough to complement each other.     

霸权合作 制度合作 共识合作——国际合作理论的不同视角透视

在国际体系处于无政府状态的情形下，国际合作的可能性与限度，是国际关系理论各流派争论的焦点。新现实主义、新自由主义、建构主义分别提出了霸权合作、制度合作、共识合作理论。通过对各个流派的固际合作理论分析比较，说明了各个流派的观点具有互补性，应是活加以综合应用。