基于项目的协作学习(CPBL)的使用技术

Internet的高速发展推动了教育技术巨大的革新 ,基于项目的协作学习 (CPBL)就是一种非常适合在Internet上开展的学习方法。本文首先研究CPBL的含义和特点 ,然后研究和分析了CPBL项目结构设计的一种使用技术———Esther模型 (Esther.1999) ,这种模型有利于帮助项目设计者分析、规划、设计、交流和实现协作学习项目。该模型能够很好地表现项目结构以及活动间的变迁 ,但是不能很好地表现活动内部的结构。本文提出针对这一问题 ,在原模型中引入了活动内部结构关系 ,扩充了Esther模型。最后本文举例说明如何运用该扩充模型     

基于项目的学习文献综述

基于项目的学习是一种新的教学模式和教学方法。基于项目的学习在其定义、特点、目标、可行性和必要性、实施等领域,众多专家、学者已进行研究并产生了许多学术成果。基于项目的应用虽然广泛,但是还停留在简单的应用阶段,需要广大教师和研究者更深入地进行相关的行动研究和理论研究。     

国外及我国开展研究性学习的综述

研究性学习是近年来世界教育界研究的热点问题。美国研究性学习主要以基于问题的学习和基于项目的学习为主;法国已经在初中、大学预备班和高中全面开展研究性学习;日本以综合活动课程的形式开展研究性学习;韩国的研究性学习将学生的学习内容分为知识和研究活动两个层次;德国开展课题学习;而我国把研究性学习作为课改的主要内容。     

基于项目的自主学习模式在英语专业教学中的应用

基于项目的学习（PBL）模式强调学生研究性学习能力,注重自主、合作、创造和交流活动,是适合英语专业学生进行课外自主学习的有效载体。在选定项目、制定计划、活动探究、作品制作、成果交流、活动评价几个阶段的实践中,学生通过实施与语言密切相关的项目而达到学习和运用语言的目的,并在此过程中提高自主学习与创新能力。     

在线学习活动设计模型研究

在线学习活动设计直接影响远程学习者的学习效果。本研究基于国内外学习活动领域相关项目的研究成果,结合我国目前在网络课程设计开发方面的案例分析,以建构在线学习活动设计模型为研究目标。研究中综合采用了多种研究方法,首先明确了在线学习活动的交互本质和理论基础,在此基础上通过分析网络课程中的学习活动案例,梳理了构成在线学习活动的若干因素,并就在线学习活动框架和设计策略进行了归纳,建构形成了在线学习活动框架和设计模型,以期对完善网络教学的设计理论、指导在线学习活动设计提供借鉴。     

内容独立的移动学习技术设计:学习分数和中文

本文描述了内容独立的协作移动学习的一个框架,并介绍了两种建立在其之上针对内容的应用.该技术架构提供了基于计算机的协作机制,有利于开展面对面数学和中文的协作学习活动.研究者阐述了研究的理论基础,包含教学和语言学习的软件和研究设计,以及一系列初步实验的结果.根据这些初步实验的过程和结论,研究者对整个系统进行了重构,重新设计了用户界面和研究设计.     

校际主题综合学习共同体的构建与实践研究

作为提供建构性支持环境和活动而促进有意义学习的动态学习组织形式,学习共同体近年来成为众多研究者关注的焦点课题。在这样一种背景下,结合我国当前的教改现状,我们提出了一种基于校际主题综合学习的学习共同体模型,并进行了相应的实践研究。     

基于工作的学习对于终身学习的贡献

就基于工作的学习在人们的生活中所扮演的重要角色进行讨论。"工作场所"越来越被研究者和政策制定者看作是一个学习场所。基于此,介绍基于工作的学习的种类,以及怎样为学习而组织工作。同时指出,人们应该就基于工作的学习对于终身学习的贡献进行进一步的讨论。     

基于设计的数字化学习环境有效性研究

基于设计的研究通过为特定的场合设计学习环境,采用"逐步完善"的方法,实现理论与实践的双重发展。为更好地解决当今知识时代对传统课堂教学变革的诉求,本文以"平面图像设计"课程为例,在基于设计的研究范式下,运用连续统思维将客观主义与建构主义优势互补创设了数字化学习环境,从现实问题、理论驱动、干预系统设计、教学实施和评价等方面开展研究,在理论—技术—实践—评价反思的交互中精致迭代循环。通过第一轮的教学实践,总结了数字化学习环境下有效学习的相关原则和教学策略,为后续不断充实研究框架和研究制品提供了依据,从而为使学习者从"机械学习"到"有意义学习"的转变提供一种理论模型与实践框架。     

基于项目式学习的同伴在线协作学习活动设计与应用研究

近年来,基于项目的协作学习研究主要集中在项目式学习的模型、程序、分组、策略、优缺点等方面,在项目式同伴协作在线学习过程中,学生如何通过自我调节和共享调节来实现项目目标仍未得到充分研究。文章依据活动理论框架和协作学习中共享调节模型,通过设计持续时间8周的PBL同伴在线协作学习来组织教学活动,借助同伴评价表、自我报告调查表、团队项目成果评价表,进行自我调节和共享元认知调节对项目协作学习结果的影响研究。研究结果表明:自我调节和共享调节在PBL同伴在线协作学习中发挥着关键作用,有效的共享调节主要受到学习者自身强大的自我调节的支持,在共享调节的作用下,协作同伴之间相互影响,共同推进项目协作过程。     

Action learning: how learning transfers from entrepreneurs to small firms

This paper presents research with small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) owners who have participated in a leadership development programme. The primary focus of this paper is on learning transfer and factors affecting it, arguing that entrepreneurs must engage in ‘action’ in order to ‘learn’ and that under certain conditions they may transfer learning to their firm. This paper draws on data from 19 focus groups undertaken from 2010 to 2012, involving 51 participants in the LEAD Wales programme. It considers the literatures exploring learning transfer and develops a conceptual framework, outlining four areas of focus for entrepreneurial learning. Utilising thematic analysis, it describes and evaluates what (actual facts and information) and how (techniques, styles of learning) participants transfer and what actions they take to improve the business and develop their people. This paper illustrates the complex mechanisms involved in this process and concludes that action learning is a method of facilitating entrepreneurial learning which is able to help address some of the problems of engagement, relevance and value that have been highlighted previously. This paper concludes that the efficacy of an entrepreneurial learning intervention in SMEs may depend on the effectiveness of learning transfer.     

泛在学习环境下基于凯利方格法的协作学习模式研究

物联网、无线网络、移动终端设备等的发展促进了泛在学习方式的普及应用,但泛在学习矛盾、不连续、随意、无节制、流程短的特点对有意义学习的发生提出了挑战。文章使用凯利方格方法与小组协作学习策略,针对学习者现场观察到的知识进行知识获取,以实时投票机制产生小组共识,对小组内学习者的知识进行整合。实验证明,在泛在学习环境下,使用这种学习模式的小组学生在知识建构能力和学习成效方面得到一定程度的提高。     

The mall,the library and the church: inquiring into the resourcing of early learning through new spaces and networks

Early learning has increasingly been the focus of social policy and programmes with a proliferation of public, community and commercial entities entering the field of production. Understanding this phenomenon requires educational researchers to conceptualise early learning both within a globalised network of circulating commodities and within specific situated spaces of local sociocultural practice. This paper describes how a research project has drawn on geosemiotic and actor-network theories, and employed spatially sensitive methods, to investigate the resourcing of early learning in spaces new to most educational researchers. Focusing on the suburban field site ‘Midburb’, we analyse the ways in which discourses operate through/in place producing different entry points, pathways and access for parents, impacting on their opportunities for encountering early learning resources.     

Undergraduate teaching of ideal and real fluid flows: the value of real-world experimental projects

This paper describes the pedagogical impact of real-world experimental projects undertaken as part of an advanced undergraduate fluid mechanics subject at an Australian university. The projects have been organized to complement traditional lectures and introduce students to the challenges of professional design, physical modelling, data collection and analysis. An overview of two projects is presented: wind tunnel testing of buildings and wave loading on piles. Both studies are undertaken as group work within the undergraduate subject. The pedagogy of the projects is discussed in terms of the classical educational psychology literature concerning project-based learning, collaborative and guided learning and reflection. In terms of learning outcomes, the primary aim is to enable students to deliver a professional report as the final product, where physical model data are compared to ideal-fluid flow calculations and real-fluid flow analyses. Thus the students are exposed to a professional design approach involving a high level of expertise in fluid mechanics, with sufficient academic guidance to achieve carefully defined learning goals, while retaining sufficient flexibility for students to construct their own learning goals. The overall pedagogy is a blend of problem-based and project-based learning, which reflects academic research and professional practice. The assessment is a mix of peer-assessed oral presentations and written reports that aims to maximize student reflection and development. Student feedback indicated a strong motivation for courses that include a well-designed project component.     

Images of the future for education? Videoconferencing: a literature review

In the past two decades, as new capabilities for video communication have emerged, their use in educational contexts has steadily increased. Initially located in higher education, the use of videoconferencing for a broad range of learning purposes is now established in many schools. Although a considerable body of literature exists that describes the experience of videoconferencing using traditional pedagogies, much less has been published on the contextual factors that lead to effective learning outcomes and innovative uses of videoconferencing. The purpose of this review is to establish a baseline for researchers interested in the area. In focusing on educational uses in both higher education and mainstream schooling, the review examines the affordances and barriers to effective teaching and learning, with what are increasingly robust and easy‐to‐use technologies. The paper concludes with a call for further research into the more innovative possibilities of videoconferencing.     

外语阅读“有意注意”机制的实证研究

文章对Schmidt等提出的＂有意注意＂假设从外语阅读的角度进行实证研究。首先,回顾了相关文献对该假设的争议,并肯定其对外语学习的价值;其次,研究者设计了一项阅读实验,根据所得结果分析有力地支持了该假设的合理之处,并进一步对注意的信息类型进行了分类并探讨了引发学习者注意的内在因素。最后,文章对精读和泛读模式下学习者有意注意作用的差异进行了对比分析。     

Developing an interpretive learning framework for understanding action research projects

In contemporary educational settings, school leaders and teachers face increased accountability and pressure to raise student performance. Utilising professional learning to develop individual and collective capability is a common feature of these settings. In Australia, there is evidence that many schools have implemented action research to support the improvement agenda. A significant part of this agenda is providing evidence of outcomes arising from the action cycles. Indicators of progress and outcomes provide evidence of improvement to external audiences and afford insights and feedback for participants, which assist in developing further plans to address improvement. This paper outlines the development and use of an interpretive learning framework, incorporating a two-part reflection tool, developed to assess the quality of action research projects conducted by teacher researchers in schools. To do this, individual school case accounts were initially developed from analysis of action project data. A thematic analysis was then undertaken and the emergent themes, together with pertinent action research literature, informed the basis of the tool and its two integrated elements: an innovation matrix and rubric. Both elements permit understanding of project strengths and areas for further development within individual projects.     

学生自主学习的概念及其培养

教育目标不仅要使学生获取知识,更要使他们学会学习。近年,各地较多强调通过不同科目或学习领域的学习与教学,可以培养学生的共通能力。这些能力都是培养学生自主学习的重要条件。本文对自主学习的定义和概念作出一些分析,对有关研究和教与学作出一些简介。文中提及学生自主学习定义包含三个特点:他们采用自主的学习策略、他们面对自我学习成效回馈的积极响应、以及他们互动地推动学习过程。自主的学生选择和采用自主学习策略,在反思学习成效与技巧的基础上,争取理想的学术成果。笔者最后提出建议:(1)如何应用学习动机、课室管理、教师教学和教师期待以探讨自主学习在课堂教学过程中的实践;(2)如何以自主学习这个概念贯彻于各科或各学习领域的课程设计的各个课程要素中。笔者期望,研究自主学习能有助学生学习。