“形而上学”形式的辩证法——柏拉图辩证法新探

“形而上学”形式的辩证法似乎是一个怪诞的命题,它正是柏拉图辩证法的特征。柏拉图在继承前人思想的基础上,提出了“理念”论的思想。“理念”是事物的原型和根据,认识了“理念”,就达到了最高的认识。这种关于“理念”的最高知识,就是西方传统意义上的“形而上学”追求的目标。柏拉图的辩证法正好是对“理念”的认识过程,在这个意义上,柏拉图的辩证法就是关于“理念”的知识,是一种典型的“形而上学”。     

贝尔奈斯的数学哲学

贝尔奈斯是西方现代数学哲学中柏拉图主义的代表人物之一。他主张一种狭义的柏拉图主义。在数学本体论方面,他认为数学对象是客观的,这种客观性是现象学的客观性。在数学认识论方面,他认为数学本质上是经验的,但这种经验是理性经验。数学真理是客观存在的、发展的。在贝尔奈斯的数学哲学中,有丰富的数学辩证法思想。贝尔奈斯数学哲学的形成,有多方面的原因。贝尔奈斯的数学哲学对数学的发展有一定的积极作用,但也无法解决数学对象和数学真理性的争论问题。     

英国理性化的经验主义美学思想

18世纪英国经验主义美学思潮在对本国新古典主义渗透的同时,也在受到法国启蒙时代理性主义的撞击,因而出现了理性化的经验主义,其主要代表便是夏夫兹博里和哈奇生。他们的美学思想就具有了比较复杂的性质,既有经验主义的基调,也有启蒙主义理性化色彩,同时也揉进了某些新柏拉图主义、新古典主义的东西。首先,这种经验主义的理性化表现在夏夫兹博里和哈奇生的内在感觉论上。其次,理性化的经验主义也表现在对美及美和善的关系的分析上。最后,经验主义理性化的美学思想还表现在夏夫兹博里和哈奇生对于艺术与道德和自由的密切联系上。     

浅析法拉比的政治哲学思想——兼论其对柏拉图《理想国》中城邦思想的借鉴及发展

怀特海认为,整个西方哲学史都不过是柏拉图哲学的注脚。阿拉伯哲学家法拉比在传承和发展柏拉图哲学思想方面起到了极为重要的作用,他并没有随波逐流地跟进当时流行于世的新柏拉图主义,而是选择重新解读柏拉图,并让柏拉图式的政治哲学在伊斯兰世界发扬光大。文章借鉴和吸收众多法拉比研究者的资料,浅要分析法拉比的政治哲学思想,并将其与《理想国》中的城邦思想相比较,以表现他在中世纪柏拉图哲学研究史上极为重要的地位,以及对我们完整认识阿拉伯哲学的重要意义。     

对话与申辩、探索与创新——简析对话体形式下柏拉图哲学对后世的影响

柏拉图的对话体形式给后世哲学带来深刻影响。首先,关于对话体包含的辩证法给亚里士多德形式逻辑提供了一个最初的模式,并奠定了形式逻辑的基础。其次,对话体这种柏拉图特有的写作方式,也是苏格拉底特有的追求哲学的方式,只有存在于古代雅典时期的生活方式之下才有可能,而对这种特有的苏格拉底喜爱聊天的方式展开哲学辩论,让古希腊哲学成为了后期哲学发展的基础。     

柏拉图的存在论与辩证法之关系——兼论《智者篇》

对柏拉图的读解 ,意味着对一种思想传统的理解。从《智者篇》切入柏拉图思想是重新定位柏拉图哲学内涵的一个策略。我们的新尝试体现在三个方面 :第一 ,柏拉图的存在论是其辩证法的基础 ,这反过来改变了其存在论的方向 ;第二 ,“逻各斯”学说构成了柏拉图的思想空间 ,这一方面使得“存在”问题具有语言的尺度 ,另一方面使辩证法成了“自主的”科学 ;第三 ,传统的观点柏认为拉图重巴曼尼德而轻赫拉克利特 ,而我们则认为赫拉克利特思想构成了《智者篇》的基础。所有这些都有助于我们从一个新的角度理解和思考西方传统。     

数学中的现代柏拉图主义与有关问题

数学中的“柏拉图主义”历史悠久,影响深远.现代柏拉图主义的重要观点主要表现在本体论与认识论两个方面.从科学反映论的观点来看,应对新柏拉图主义作两点较重要的修正和补充.一是,随着数学对象的不断被创造,与之相关的“数学真理”也是可以不断地诞生出来的.这个修正的要义是,有些数学真理是被创造出来的,而新、老柏拉图主义的数学发现观,必须融入数学发明观.二是,现代柏拉图主义者只是宏观地认识到了数学真理认识的不完全性.而事实上,人脑所能进行的概念思维,都只能是“单相性”的抽象思维.每一个数学概念都必然是“单相性抽象”的产物.故从本体论着眼,数学理念世界是不可能完全的.现代柏拉图主义很接近科学反映论,故对数学教育工作者也有重要启示作用.     

从“上帝死了”到“虚无主义”——海德格尔对尼采“虚无主义”的批判

尼采把虚无主义的诞生归结到其所否定的柏拉图主义虚设的瓦解,也即：上帝死了之后。海德格尔对尼采的研究首先是对于当时对尼采哲学所谓的“虚无主义”问题的批驳与澄清。海氏对于尼采的虚无主义给予了“仍是在传统形而上学遗忘存在之中思考虚无主义”的结论,称尼采只是“颠倒的柏拉图主义”。海氏对尼采之“虚无主义”的深刻误读说明其思想的“形而上学”痕迹及其无视尼采的生命本体论的实际。     

关于否定之否定规律的再思考

否定之否定规律不是指三个相邻事物或事物的自然发展阶段,而是指矛盾从潜在状态到矛盾的展开、对立尖锐化阶段,再到矛盾的解决、产生新事物这一必然过程和发展趋势;否定之否定规律在人类历史运动中表现为否定性的辩证法,表现为异化的产生和异化的扬弃,表现为"在资本主义时代成就的基础上","在生产资料的共同占有的基础上",重建个人所有制和确立"有个性的个人";否定性的辩证法生成于人的实践活动中,实践本身就内含着否定性的辩证法,马克思的否定性辩证法以实践观为基础,并同历史观有机结合、融为一体,既不同于黑格尔的否定性辩证法,也不同于阿多诺的否定的辩证法.     

文艺复兴时期新柏拉图主义在意大利的影响

新柏拉图主义是文艺复兴时期普遍流行的哲学思潮。它肯定世界的美和和谐,强调“人是一个小宇宙”。本文试图从新柏拉图主义的兴起、内涵和特点、影响三方面对新柏拉图主义进行整体评述。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.