Research priorities and disciplinary cultures: friends or foes? A cross-national study on doctoral research training in economics in France and Norway

Science and technology research seems to be evolving toward an integration of research systems which cover numerous knowledge fields. These systems change and reconfigure as new technologies develop. Yet, Research Universities continue to educate students within commonly accepted disciplines and within a number of professions. Doctoral research training (DRT) constitutes a sensitive indicator of changing knowledge production patterns in changing universities. This study focuses upon DRT programs in economics. Are national research priorities and disciplinary cultures friends or foes? Two case studies on DRT in economics are presented and compared: from Toulouse, France; and from Oslo, Norway.Similarity in the findings from the two case studies corroborate the theory of a strong disciplinary identity which in several areas constitutes a stronger binding factor than national priorities. The disciplinary culture of a given field is a powerful factor to be reckoned with.     

天津教师教育一体化的理论与实践

中国的教师教育正处于转型和建设时期,正在由传统的"封闭式"定向型师范教育模式向现代的"开放式"非定向型教师教育模式的转变过程中。在这个转型期间,理论界、高等师范院校、基础教育界和教育管理部门都在理论和实践上积极探索教师教育的办学模式、课程设置、管理体制等。教师教育的核心是实现职前教育与职后教育的有机结合,构建一体化的教师教育体系。天津在实施教师教育一体化方面进行了具有重要意义的理论探索和实践。     

信息技术与课程整合模式研究

探索信息技术与课程整合的教学,是发展学生的信息素养、培养学生的创新能力和实践能力的有效途径之一。目前信息技术与课程整合方面还存在一些问题“,兴趣”驱动任务的信息技术整合模式和任务驱动兴趣的信息技术整合模式是两种有效的整合模式。     

Development of system thinking skills in the context of earth system education

The current study deals with the development of system thinking skills at the junior high school level. The sample population included about 50 eighth‐grade students from two different classes of an urban Israeli junior high school who studied an earth systems‐based curriculum that focused on the hydro cycle. The study addressed the following research questions: (a) Could the students deal with complex systems?; (b) What has influenced the students' ability to deal with system perception?; and (c) What are the relationship among the cognitive components of system thinking? The research combined qualitative and quantitative methods and involved various research tools, which were implemented in order to collect the data concerning the students' knowledge and understanding before, during, and following the learning process. The findings indicated that the development of system thinking in the context of the earth systems consists of several sequential stages arranged in a hierarchical structure. The cognitive skills that are developed in each stage serve as the basis for the development of the next higher‐order thinking skills. The research showed that in spite of the minimal initial system thinking abilities of the students most of them made some meaningful progress in their system thinking skills, and a third of them reached the highest level of system thinking in the context of the hydro cycle. Two main factors were found to be the source of the differential progress of the students: (a) the students' individual cognitive abilities, and (b) their level of involvement in the knowledge integration activities during their inquiry‐based learning both indoors and outdoors. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Everybody wins: Non-competitive games

Cooperative play consists of games and activities that the participants play together, rather than against one another, just for the fun of it. Through this kind of play, we learn teamwork, trust, and group unity. The emphasis is on total participation, spontaneity, sharing, the joy of play, acceptance of all players, playing our best, changing rules and boundaries to suit the players and recognizing thatevery player is important. We don't compare our differing abilities and past performances, we don't emphasize winning and losing, results and standings.This article is excerpted from the bookEverybody Wins by Jeffrey Sobel.¢ 1982. Reprinted with permission of the publisher, Walker & Company.     

From anxiety to enthusiasm: emotional patterns among student teachers

Studying to become a teacher is a highly emotional experience. Nevertheless, little is known about emotional patterns and emotional change. The aim of this study is to enhance the understanding of student teachers’ academic emotions by exploring patterns of emotions experienced in emotionally loaded episodes. A total of 19 primary school student teachers were interviewed. The qualitative content analysis revealed five different emotional patterns: positive, negative, ascending, descending and changing. Most of the emotional patterns were positive or changing in nature. Yet all the emotional patterns were highly focused on studying and learning. Moreover, the patterns were experienced equally in short, medium-length and long episodes. Our study showed that emotional patterns were triggered by various task-related elements of teacher education: most commonly, fulfilled or unfilled expectations, sufficient or insufficient abilities, and experiences of social support received or not received.     

A case study of academic programme integration in the USA: andragogical,philosophical, theoretical and practical perspectives

The landscape of higher education is being transformed as challenges for greater efficiency, accountability, and economic viability challenge administrative and programmatic structures. Programmatic, administrative, and organizational realignment has emerged as one response to the challenge. This paper presents a case study which describes andragogical, philosophical, theoretical, and practical perspectives surrounding the restructuring and integration between Adult Education and Human Resource Development faculty of a large mid-western doctoral granting research institution, and the curricular development that resulted. Programmatic integration between compatible faculty units can result in efficient and effective design and delivery of curriculum that addresses the concerns of faculty, meets the changing needs of students, and responds to the demands of the changing landscape of higher education. In this case, realignment created an opportunity for the revitalization of faculty, programmes, and students.     

Programmes and policies for foreign students and study abroad: the search for effective approaches in a new global setting

This paper provides an overview of the issues raised during a 1990 seminar on the effects of programmes and policies for foreign students and study abroad. The seminar was organised by the Hochschul-Informations-System in co-operation with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In particular, this paper addresses those concerns related to national policy and institutional responses in the light of changing patterns of foreign student flows and against the background of the new global economic and political setting.The views expressed are those of the authors and do not commit the organisations or governments concerned.     

One System or Four? Cross‐Border Applications and Entries to Full‐Time Undergraduate Courses in the UK Since Devolution

This paper uses Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) data on applications and entries to full‐time undergraduate courses to examine the changing flows of students across the boundaries of the four countries of the United Kingdom (UK), over a period (1996–2010) that embraces parliamentary devolution. It asks whether the emergence of more distinct administrative systems of higher education, following devolution, is reflected in more distinct social systems as reflected in reduced cross‐border flows of students. It reveals a declining tendency for UK applicants to apply to, and enter, higher education in another UK country. This trend is partly attributable to devolution and to consequent changes such as differential fees. However the detailed patterns vary widely across the countries of the UK, across categories of student and across types of institution and programme.     

论师范生现代教育技术技能的培养途径

教育技术技能主要表现在教师对学习过程与学习资源的设计、开发、利用、管理和评价的能力，主要包括实践技能、理论技能，椐调查，目前教师在运用教育技术中传统教学模式在课堂教学中仍居主导地位，现代教学媒体的功能还没有得到充分开发和利用，要从根本上改善这种现象，师范院校要更多、更快地培养出适应新世纪的创新人才，积极推进教育、教学现代化进程，尤其要重视以多媒体计算机及网络等新信息技术在教育教学中的运用，通过提高《现代教育技术》课程的教学效率和教学质量，加强师范生现代教育技术技能的培养，改革传统教学模式，提高办学效率和办学质量。     

学生实践能力的提高与高等学校教学模式的选择和重建

实践能力是保证个体顺利运用已有知识、技能去解决实际问题所必需的生理和心理特征的总和,它由实践动机因素、一般实践能力因素、专项实践能力因素和情境实践能力因素四种基本要素构成。个体实践能力的形成与发展是一个涉及生理成熟、知识与技能掌握、经验获得等多种因素的复杂过程,呈现参与性、自我反思和体悟性、持久性等特征。长期以来,理论教学作为主导型教学模式一直在我国高等学校的教学中占据着核心地位,在这种课程、教学模式设计和评价体系中,学生的实践能力发展问题必然会游离于主导教学模式之外。切实提高大学生的实践能力急需高等院校创造性地选择和重建一批新的教学模式,其中包括问题主导型教学模式、体验——反思型教学模式、案例教学模式和专项技能训练模式等。     

网络教学发展模式的理论构建与应用

教育信息化已经成为世界各国继续教育发展的方向,网络教学日益成为继续教育的重要教学传递模式。国家教育部2012年的《教育信息化十年发展规划》明确提出信息化技术与教育深度融合的要求,为学习者提供方便、灵活、个性化的学习环境。如何实现信息技术和继续教育的深度融合,关键是发展和采用有效的网络教学模式。从理论阐述上,笔者提出这一网络教学模式的基本框架,其组成包括网络学习平台、网络学习课程、网络导学和支持、网络教学管理以及质量保证体系。香港大学教师进修学院对这一网络教学模式的应用实践效果明显。学院于1999年开发了第一个网络教学平台,2012年又推出新的平台,称为SOUL2.0,其优势是功能模块化、整合Web2.0互动功能、整合学习功能、整合评价功能、降低开发成本。新平台为推进信息技术与继续教育的深度融合提供了坚实的基础设施。以全网络课程＂网络课程的设计和开发＂为例,在新平台上对课程介绍、课程教学设计、网络导学和支持、信息技术和互动学习融合及质量保证等方面进行了探索。经案例研究表明,我们通过采用系统的和有质量保证机制的网络教学发展模式,在继续教育领域中可以达到与面授相同而且更加灵活的教学和学习成效。     

Pathways from prematurity and infant abilities to later cognition

This study examined the relation of information processing in 7-month-old preterms (<1750 g at birth) and full-terms to Bayley Mental Development Indexes (MDIs) at 2 and 3 years. The infant measures were drawn from four cognitive domains: attention, speed, memory, and representational competence. Structural equation modeling showed that these measures of infant information processing mediated the effects of prematurity, and that there was a cascade of effects, with infant processing speed influencing memory and representational competence, which in turn influenced later MDI. This study shows that infant information processing mediates the effect of prematurity on later cognition, and delineates pathways whereby infant abilities relate to one another and to later outcome.     

英语专业教学改革思路

我国高校英语专业教学深受传统的教师满堂灌和应试教育做法之不利影响。进行实质性的改革 ,从四个方面进行探索 ,即三个整合和一个集成 :教师的主导作用与学生的主体地位及能动性的整合 ;英语语言与其文化思维的整合 ;体现大脑左右半球功能的整合 ;将毕业论文作为学生语言能力、文化修养及创造潜力的总集成与再提高     

高职“园林植物与应用”课程建设探索与实践

针对高职园林工程技术专业学生所需的职业能力确立课程教学目标并对该课程进行人才培养定位是高职院校课程建设的方向。＂园林植物与应用＂的课程建设包括开展教学内容整合、实训基地建设、教学团队建设、教材建设、教学方法与教学手段改革及评价方式改进等六个方面。     

90年代以来发达国家高职课程改革特点述评

20世纪90年代以来,发达国家高等职业教育课程呈现一些新的特点,包括:由关注岗位技能训练转向综合职业能力培养,寻求职业性与学术性在更高水平上整合,彰显模块化课程的开放性、灵活性,课程实施由"教程"向"学程"转变,建立起及时反馈的多元整合评价体系.     

System thinking skills at the elementary school level

This study deals with the development of system thinking skills at the elementary school level. It addresses the question of whether elementary school students can deal with complex systems. The sample included 40 4th grade students from one school in a small town in Israel. The students studied an inquiry‐based earth systems curriculum that focuses on the hydro‐cycle. The program involved lab simulations and experiments, direct interaction with components and processes of the water cycle in the outdoor learning environment and knowledge integration activities. Despite the students' minimal initial system thinking abilities, most of them made significant progress with their ability to analyze the hydrological earth system to its components and processes. As a result, they recognized interconnections between components of a system. Some of the students reached higher system thinking abilities, such as identifying interrelationships among several earth systems and identifying hidden parts of the hydrological system. The direct contact with real phenomena and processes in small scale scenarios enabled these students to create a concrete local water cycle, which could later be expanded into large scale abstract global cycles. The incorporation of outdoor inquiry‐based learning with lab inquiry‐based activities and knowledge integration assignments contributed to the 4th grade students' capacity to develop basic system thinking abilities at their young age. This suggests that although system thinking is regarded as a high order thinking skill, it can be developed to a certain extent in elementary school. With a proper long‐term curriculum, these abilities can serve as the basis for the development of higher stages of system thinking at the junior–high/middle school level. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 540–563, 2010     

面向服务的企业应用集成在数字校园中的应用

数字化校园建设是高校提升,办学能力、转变办学模式和提高管理效率的关键。我国高校数字化校园建设经过多年的持续发展,已初具规模,形成各类大型信息系统。这些独立的信息系统严重影响了数字化校园的协同合作以及整体效能的发挥。面向服务的企业应用集成（EAI）能够消除系统间的信息孤岛,发挥原有信息资产的潜在优势,因而得到学术界的广泛关注和产业界的广泛应用。基于面向服务的EAI架构思想和实现技术解决数字化校园网上腐校手续办理的实例,通过基于业务分析、流程分析和服务分析三个步骤,阐述数字校园应用集成的分析过程,并从逻辑和技术两个视角揭示数字校园应用集成框架的组成结构及技术架构,实现数据集成、应用集成、流程集成和用户界面集成。该方案可以满足数字校园集约化、集中化和精细化的管理需求,既实现高校各部门之间的信息化业务协同,又体现高校原有资产的价值。     

Comparative analysis of OECD member countries’ competitive advantage in National Human Resource Development system

The purpose of this study was to assess, evaluate, and compare the competitive advantages of the human resource development systems of advanced countries. The Global Human Resource Development Index was utilized for this study, since it has been validated through an expert panel’s content review and analytic hierarchy process. Using a sample of 34 OECD member countries, the following conclusions were drawn. First, Switzerland, Sweden, and United States ranked top three in order in National Human Resource Development (NHRD) competitiveness and such Nordic countries as Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland showed outstanding NHRD competitiveness. Second, thirty-four countries differed significantly in key aspects of supply, demand, environment, and supporting systems of NHRD. Strong, intermediate, and weak groups classified based on NHRD competitiveness significantly differed from one another in all factors of the NHRD system. Third, changes in NHRD competitiveness between 2005 and 2011 did not exhibit specific patterns depending on the level of economic development. Fourth, little changes in NHRD system occurred in a short period of time. The most significant positive changes in NHRD competitiveness were identified in only two cases of Luxemburg (△6) and Poland (△6) among 34 countries. Only striking case of decrease in NHRD competitiveness was Israel (▽6). The findings of this research will be able to assist each country in identifying its strengths and weaknesses in the NHRD system.