Project Comptown: educational intervention and action research

The introduction of computers into education raises questions such as: are computers in education effective? If they are, in what sense? What are the most effective strategies for using computers in education? How should teachers be encouraged to use them?
To answer these questions a large-scale experiment (Project Comptown) was carried out in Israel, to test ways and means under real rather than laboratory conditions. This project is a research-oriented educational intervention, applying massive computerisation of schools and their 'close environment' to two localities in Israel (Arad and Ashkelon). Our starting point was the premise that computerisation of education is an inevitable process. Consequently, turning the computer into a 'cultural tool' in schools becomes a major challenge, aiming to narrow the gap between 'school culture' and 'real-world culture'. The main objectives for Project Comptown are: [1] To create a computer culture in schools; [2] To use the computer's potential for innovative teaching and learning, both inside and outside schools. To achieve these, we identified a number of principles which we considered pre-conditions for an 'appropriate' computer strategy in schools.     

Computers in Mathematics Education: A revolution in the making?

How do student teachers see computers being used in secondary mathematics lessons, and how do they themselves use them on teaching practice? These questions were prompted by the need to provide appropriate experiences for students on the Postgraduate Certificate of Education course. Information collected over a two year period suggests that although computer use was not widespread, more students used computers, and applications software in particular, than practising teachers. Strategies for course provision are outlined and the examination of assumptions and beliefs is indicated as an important dimension in future work.     

大专院校Windows 2000终端服务网络解决方案

目前大专院校计算机机房多采用Nove LL 无盘DOS工作站或Windows NT 无盘Win95远程启动工作站，而多数Windows应用程序不能使用，计算机面临升级问题，提出了解决这个问题的方案。     

Educational and Employment Testing: Changing Concepts in Measurement and Policy

How will the expansion of the concept of construct validity affect validation practice in employment testing? How does the need for consequential validity differ in educational and employment testing? How do the research bases differ for performance assessment in these settings? Are there parallel trends in policies for test use in education and industry?     

Learning novel mathematical concepts in a computer-enriched environment

There is widespread belief that computers should be used for the teaching and learning of mathematics. Research indicates that computers are primarily used in mathematics classes: (1) to reinforce previously taught concepts, (2) to allow students to construct computer programs to simulate mathematical techniques known to the student and (3) to explore mathematical microworlds encompassing mathematical ideas and concepts normally known to the student. Furthermore, it is said that pre-service teachers should experience the learning of mathematical ideas and concepts of which they had no prior experience in environments in which computers are just one of the resources available for exploring and experimenting with these ideas and concepts. How should these learning environments be constructed so that pre-service teachers are sensitised to the value of doing mathematics in such environments? Is a student's understanding of novel mathematical concepts enhanced when s/he explores it in a computer-enriched environment? An experiment with pre-service teachers was carried out in a college of education for blacks in South Africa. This article describes the insights gained from this experiment.     

"独臂路由"与三层交换机VLAN间通信技术分析

在通常技术条件下,两台计算机即使连接在同一台交换机上,只要所属的VLAN(Virtual Local Area Network,跨虚拟局域网)不同就不能直接通信。如何实现跨VLAN间的数据通讯呢?本文将采用两种不同的网络拓扑结构,即"独臂路由"结构和三层交换结构,分别分析跨VLAN间的路由的实现技术,分析分属不同VLAN的主机互相通信的机制和原理。     

Studying the flute and the orchestra: controlled vs. classroom research on computers

How do you study computers in education and what do you study about them? A theory is presented which distinguishes between cognitive effects with and of computer tools, the former constituting improved performance while an intellectual tool is available, the latter manifesting a subsequent cognitive residue as a result. Two studies are described, providing support for the theory. It is argued, however, that such analytic research fails to capture the multivariate rich classroom environments that the effective use of computers requires and brings about. A classroom history project is described as it evolves around tool use. It is suggested that another research approach — a systemic paradigm — is needed to study such rich and multivariate cases. The complementary relations between the analytic and systemic research approaches are examined.     

Students' Choice for Computers

Nowadays,computers are widely used as useful tools for our daily life.So you can see students using computers everywhere.The purpose of our survey is to find out the answers to the following questions:1.What brand of computers do students often choose?2.What is the most important factor of choosing computers in students’idea?3.What do students want to do with computers most?After that,we hope the students will know what kind of computers they really need and how many factors must be thought about when buying computers.     

Analysing spherical aberration in concave mirrors

What is the real behaviour of the spherically concave mirror which, we were taught in school, focuses a parallel beam to a point? What is the accuracy and range of its focussing behaviour and what happens outside that range? How do we relate this behaviour to the measurable dimensions of the mirror? This article presents answers to these questions using simple geometry and algebra.     

Integration of Electronic Communication in Higher Education: Contributions of Faculty Computer Self-Efficacy

How confident are college faculty to integrate technology in their teaching? This study examined relationships between faculty computer self-efficacy and integration of electronic communication when teaching. Faculty at a Research I land-grant university were mailed a self-report questionnaire yielding a 59 percent response rate. Over half used electronic communication in their courses, mostly for course-related announcements and deadlines, but least for synchronous communication. Computer self-efficacy scores differed on age, gender, college, integration, and computer experience. Low integrators and female faculty reported lower confidence in using computers. As universities offer courses with significant Web-presence, faculty development efforts need to increase self-efficacy by providing hands-on experiences in technologically supported environments.     

协作学习法在大学计算机基础课中的应用

大学计算机基础课的教学重在操作技能的培养。如何充分调动学生的学习积极性,更有效地实现教学目标,是整个教学环节要解决的核心问题。对大学计算机基础课教学中的协作学习进行设计,并结合具体案例,提出计算机基础课教学中协作学习实施的方法。     

数值求解奇异摄动微分方程的并行算法

本文讨论的是变系数抛物型微分方程的奇异摄动问题。作者提出了一种解决该问题的并行算法 ,并且证明了该并行算法的收敛性关于ε是一致的。     

巴赫金狂欢化理论与西方马克思主义

巴赫金文化理论与马克思主义的关系非常复杂。其与经典马克思主义的关系现在成为“难解之谜”,而与西方马克思主义之间则存在既相互影响又彼此平行的复杂关系。本文从“巴赫金的民间文化与西马的大众文化是何关系”、“狂欢化理论何以成为‘肯定性的大众文化理论’”、“狂欢与日常生活之间是何关系”等几方面对巴赫金狂欢化理论与西方马克思主义的文化理论进行了比较和辨析。     

Careers guidance at a distance

How can careers guidance, which in conventional institutions relies so much on personal contacts and the ability to browse through up‐to‐date information files, be adequately provided for distance students? Here, Martin Cawthome, Senior Counsellor in the Open University's West Midlands region and until recently chair of the Open University's Careers Information Research and Counselling Group, considers this question. Having outlined the stages involved in careers guidance, he reviews the use of printed materials, the telephone and computers, and looks forward to the possible improvements which computer systems may allow in the future.     

后巴赫金时代的文化理论：巴赫金狂欢化理论与西方马克思主义

巴赫金文化理论与马克思主义的关系非常复杂。其与经典马克思主义的关系现在成为“难解之谜”,而与西方马克思主义之间则存在既相互影响又彼此平行的复杂关系。本文从“巴赫金的民间文化与西马的大众文化是何关系”、“狂欢化理论何以成为‘肯定性的大众文化理论’”、“狂欢与日常生活之间是何关系”等几方面对巴赫金狂欢化理论与西方马克思主义的文化理论进行了比较和辨析。     

How to be a good teache

What makes a good teacher?How should teachers talk to students?How should teachers give instructions?Who should talk in class?What are the best kinds of lesson?How important is it to follow a pre-arranged plan?     

展示类CAI在思想政治课教学中的应用

不同的学科有不同的特点、教学内容和应用场合，如何合理选择一种适合本学科的CAI教学模式，充分利用和发挥计算机的特点，避免课本搬家等形式主义倾向，是每一个利用CAI进行教学的教师都必须重视的问题；在CAI实践的基础上较全面的就思想政治课应用CAI的必要性和重要性、原则等方面进行了论述。     

The Publication Process in Educational Measurement

Why is it important to publish your research? How are papers reviewed before publication decisions are made? How can you select the right journal for your paper? How do EM:” and other measurement journals compare in content, orientation, and other characteristics?     

Development, Implementation, and Validation of a Computerized Test for Statewide Assessment

How does a testing component function in an integrated learning system? How can you customize computerized tests to meet local specifications? How are computerized tests implemented and evaluated? Is the pay-off of computerized testing justified?     

Ethical Codes in the Professions

Why do professions develop ethical codes? How similar are ethical codes across professions? How are codes enforced? Should the measurement profession develop such a code?