汉语普通话朗读语体无声段影响因素分析

以汉语普通话朗读语体中的无声段为研究对象,在音步、韵律短语、语调短语和韵律句四个韵律层级上能够有效考察语篇类型、语速、韵律单元长度和个体差异四种因素对无声段的影响。语篇类型的影响体现在分布与时长两方面,散文无声段分布略多于新闻,时长大于新闻,这种影响随韵律层级提高而增大。无声段分布与时长都随语速加快而减少,语速的影响受到韵律等级的制约,韵律等级越高这种影响越小。韵律单元长度对无声段的影响与韵律等级有关,和边界后无声段时长正相关,长句边界前后的无声段时长比短句边界前后长,边界前句长的影响比边界后大。对无声段有影响的个体差异主要是性别和年龄,散文男性发音人的无声段时长高于女性,新闻女性发音人的无声段时长高于男性,女童、男童和成人的无声段分布依次递减。     

维吾尔语元音/y/的声学特征分析

本文运用实验语音学的基本理论和方法，对现代维吾尔语元音/y行了声学特征分析，结合声学分析结果对该元音曲音值进行了讨论，得出了与前人不完全相同的结论。     

一维多普勒效应的实验研究

当观察者静止,声源位于观察者的正前方或正后方运动时,观察者接收到的声音频率与声源频率相比会发生变化,这是常见的声学多普勒效应。将频率发生器软件发出的特定频率的声波作为声源,将与Spaichinger Schallanalysator软件连接的麦克风作为观察者,利用Tracker软件分析声源或观察者的运动速度。该实验研究了以下四种情形：当声源静止时,观察者匀加速靠近（或远离）声源;当观察者静止时,声源匀加速靠近（或远离）观察者。当二者发生相对运动时,Spaichinger Schallanalysator软件实时记录频率随时间变化的数据,同时结合Tracker软件分析得到速度随时间变化的信息,绘制频率随速度变化的图像,从而对多普勒效应进行定量测量。     

基于不确定性线性判别分析的维吾尔语语音情感识别（英文）

为了在语音情感识别中获得高效、紧凑的低维特征,提出了一种新的基于不确定线性判别分析的特征约简方法.用与传统LDA相同的原则,在最大判别方向的估计中引入带噪声或失真输入数据的不确定性.在维吾尔语语音情感识别任务上验证了不确定性判别分析的有效性.在该情感数据上,分析了维吾尔语的语音情感特征,着重对维吾尔语语音的基音频率和共振峰频率进行了详细分析.利用不确定性线性判别分析对特征维数进行了降维研究,获得了比其他的常用降维技术更好的结果.通过不确定性线性判别分析获得的低维数据供给支持向量机,实现了维吾尔语的语音情感识别.实验结果表明,采用适当的不确定性估计算法时,在维吾尔语音情感识别任务上,不确定性线性判别分析(ULDA)算法优于传统LDA降维算法.     

维吾尔语位移事件的语言表达初探

文章以Talmy（2000）的位移事件框架理论为基础,通过语料分析维吾尔语位移事件表达的特点,维吾尔语的位移动词常常以复合动词形式出现的结论,初步断定维吾尔语应属于特殊的动词框架语言（verb—framed languages）。     

汉语普通话元音音高再探

从目前查阅到的相关文献资料来看,国内关于现代汉语普通话元音内置音高的研究还比较少。本文声学试验分析所用的语料是“汉语拼音发音数据库”中随机选取的四名发音人的语音材料。使用Praat（4．2）软件,测量语料中包含[a]、[i]、[u]三个单元音所有阴平调单音节的基频、振幅、时长三个数据,证实了汉语元音内在音高的存在。通过分析、对比数据,作者发现元音的内在音高与振幅、时长存在关联,同时通过实验和综合以前学者的分析,认为元音的内在音高现象的出现是由不同元音发音生理差异引起的。     

泰国留学生汉语双音节词时长习得的实验研究

本文采用实验语音学理论和方法,以泰国留学生习得汉语双音节词为考察对象,对双音节词间的时长差情况进行了统计分析。实验结果表明,不同汉语水平的泰国留学生进行汉语双字组发音时,正常语速状态下的自然发音,字间时长差与发音好坏存在一定关系,整体上存在初级水平>中等水平>高级水平(">"意为"长于"),并且调域和调值相同时,音节间时长较容易控制,调域和调值差别大时较难控制。     

维-汉双语者语言理解中语码切换的机制

以母语为维吾尔语,第二语言为汉语的熟练和非熟练维一汉双语者为被试,采用词汇判断研究任务,通过探讨维一汉双语者维吾尔语和汉语两种语言之间的语码切换代价和代价对称与否来揭示其切换机制。结果发现：（1）熟练双语者和非熟练双语者,维吾尔语和汉语均出现了切换代价;（2）两种语言的切换代价是否存在显著性差异,取决于汉语的熟练程度,对于熟练双语者而言,切换至两种熟练语言的代价相当;对于非熟练双语者而言,切换至非熟练语言汉语的代价显著大于切换至熟练语言维吾尔语的代价,表现了切换代价的不对称性现象;（3）维-汉双语者的语码切换代价及代价的不对称性源于两种语言的激活与竞争,支持了抑制说．可以用双语交互激活模型来解释。     

汉语普通话朗读语体无声段分布和时长特征

无声段是时长领域中标记停顿的一种重要韵律特征,以汉语普通话朗读语体无声段为研究对象,通过听辨感知实验划分语篇韵律等级,可以在音步、韵律短语、语调短语和韵律句4个韵律层级考察无声段分布和时长特征。无声段主要分布于韵律短语、语调短语和韵律句3个韵律层级,时长随着韵律等级的增高而增长,换气对无声段的影响主要存在于低等级韵律层级。无声段与韵律等级的相互关系是一种普遍的停顿策略,配合其他韵律特征在韵律、语法以及语用中起到一定的作用,适当的无声段是保证韵律和谐的前提。     

汉语普通话塞音的知觉研究

文章采用知觉实验的方法对16位汉语母语者的普通话塞音知觉做了研究,结果发现,汉语母语者普通话塞音的知觉是典型的范畴化知觉,且发音部位和音节声调类型对塞音知觉的影响显著。具体表现为：发音部位靠后、声调起点音高较低的音节可使塞音感知边界靠后,边界宽度变大,容易被感知为不送气塞音;反之则反。研究证明：塞音知觉与其声学特征存在密切联系,表现为知觉/声学特征与发音部位间的二分对立关系,以及塞音知觉过渡区与声学断裂带的叠合关系。此外,文章还从发音生理学以及声学角度解释了上述结果产生的原因。     

Purposeful pauses: teacher talk during early childhood mathematics activities

This paper describes how early childhood teachers' incorporation of pauses raises the quality of talk-in-interaction during play-based mathematics activities. Responses of both children and teachers are shown to be more contingent and expansive when conversations include protracted pauses than during interactions in which pauses are largely absent. Pauses provided children with opportunities to initiate topics and facilitated more equitable access to discourse moves for children. By pausing before responding to a child's conversational gambit, teachers gained opportunities to assess children's demonstrated numeracy-related skills and understanding, and could thus provide authentic, individualised scaffolding. Pauses were not necessarily silent: a pause in an interaction with one child could be used strategically to model the learning interaction with a second child before returning to the first child in order to continue the discourse sequence.     

中国大学生英语口语的填充现象研究

对中国大学生英语口语产出中的填充现象展开了研究,研究表明中国大学生填充现象的使用受母语汉语影响,倾向于与长时间静默连用揭示在线言语产出困难,位置分布有规律性。这些研究结果揭示了中国大学生英语口语教学存在的问题并对日常外语教学提供了启示。     

Lexical and Sublexical Phonological Effects in Chinese Silent and Oral Reading

ABSTRACT

What is the time course of activation of phonological information in logographic writing systems like Chinese, in which meaning is prioritized over sound? We used a manipulation of phonological regularity to examine foveal and parafoveal phonological processing of Chinese phonograms at lexical and sublexical levels during Chinese sentence reading in 2 eye-tracking experiments. In Experiment 1, using an error disruption task during silent reading, we observed foveal lexical phonological activation in second-pass reading. In Experiment 2, using the boundary paradigm, both parafoveal lexical and sublexical phonological preview benefits were found in first-fixation duration in oral reading, whereas only lexical phonological benefits were found in gaze duration during silent reading. Thus, phonological information had earlier and more pronounced parafoveal effects in oral reading, and these extended to sublexical processing. These results are compatible with the view that oral reading prioritizes parafoveal phonological processing in Chinese.     

Relation of wait-time and rewards to the development of language,logic, and fate control: Part II-Rewards

In Part I it was shown that by varying the duration of pauses in two locations the length of student statements increased, the number of alternative explanations offered multiplied, and the overall probability of receiving a reply increased. It was noted, as well, that in natural situations where there was a high incidence of teacher sanctioning behavior, regardless of whether it was predominantly positively toned, the verbal performance of students engaged in inquiry appeared to be negatively influenced even when there were reasonable wait-times. That is, even in those rare naturally occurring cases where pauses were longer than the mean of one second, and in experiments where pauses and rewards were independently manipulated if sanctioning behaviors were intense, the positive influence on inquiry of the longer pauses appeared to be somewhat mitigated. It became necessary, then, to study reward patterns in the context of inquiry in order to discover whether, in general, overt verbal rewards which we found occurring with tremendous frequency in natural settings, helped or hindered the progress of student inquiry.     

基于Gabor小波的维吾尔文笔迹的特征提取方法研究

本文提出使用Gabor小滤提取维吾尔文笔迹的纹理特征方法。首先,通过预处理形成维吾尔文纹理图像。按照维吾尔文笔迹的特点,对Gabor滤波器进行改进。然后用一组Gabor滤波,过滤后获得图像的高维特征向量。最后,最邻近分类器（NN）分类器对不同17名人的维吾尔文笔迹样本进行分类实验,并获得79.8%的鉴别率。     

汉维词义模糊性对比概况

模糊性是人类自然语言的基本属性之一,而词义模糊性则是语言模糊性中最突出的方面。论文分别从语言中的模糊词和使词义产生模糊或使词义的模糊程度发生改变的手段这两个方面来进行汉维语词义模糊性的对比,指出汉维词义模糊性是不完全对应的,其手段表现形式也具有差异性。     

现代维吾尔语的话题结构

现代维吾尔语句子的话题与汉语句子的话题在结构、类型及标记上既有共性,又有差异,探寻维吾尔语的话题特点及特点背后的成因对汉语研究及类型学研究都有着重要的意义。从对维语话题结构的调查结果上来看,话题结构在维语中广泛存在,而且具有一些其他语言所不具备的特点。就话题成分与句法成分的关系而言,维语的主语和宾语都可以作为句子的话题;就话题性成分的语类而言,名词性短语、动词性短语、形容词性短语,甚至小句都可以充当话题。维吾尔语话题结构的表现手段有两种:一是通过语序来表现,二是通过添加话题标记来标明话题结构。通过对汉语和维语的话题结构的对比,可以进一步了解造成汉维两种语言话题结构不同的类型学动因。     

Interaction of wait time feedback and questioning instruction on middle school science teaching

Wait time, the duration of teacher pauses after questions, is an important variable in research on science teaching. This project investigated the effects of increasing teacher's wait times on general questioning skills in science teaching. In previous research, the influence of wait time training has been confounded with instruction in general questioning skills, making it difficult to test the hypothesis that increasing the wait time will by itself improve classroom discussions. In this project, these variables were separated through the use of four treatment groups made up of science teachers. One group received instruction in wait time using a newly developed electronic feedback device that monitors the duration of teacher and student pauses; a second group received instruction in general questioning skills; a third group received both types of instruction; a comparison group received no instruction of either type. The tape recordings were coded and analyzed for classroom interaction data. Comparisons were made using discriminant analysis, analyses of variance, and correlational relationships. The wait time feedback devices facilitated the production of wait time means consistently superior to baseline performance, albeit slightly below the 3-second criterion sought. Regardless, the feedback groups did produce a large number of the hypothesized changes. Significant effects were found from a comparison of the discriminant function scores. Effects consistently favored the groups with the feedback devices. The presence of the guides seemed to make little difference. The groups with the devices used greater numbers of high-level questions, especially those of the evaluative level. There were more contributions from students, as measured by length of answers, frequency of volunteered contributions, numbers of relevant student words, and percentages of student talk.     

语料库在维吾尔语语法教学中的应用研究

描述了语料库在维吾尔语语法教学中产生的作用,进而讨论如何将语料库应用到维吾尔语语法教学中去,并在此过程中提出充分利用维吾尔语言的显性语法特征进行语料库数据搜索进行语法教学的各个环节,提出数据驱动教学法（data-driven learning ,简称DDL）,最终认为语料库应用到语法教学能同时获得结果教学法和过程教学法的优点而避免这两种教学方法的缺点。