Helping the public find information the U.S. Government Information Locator Service (GILS)

As part of the National Information Infrastructure, the U.S. federal government is establishing a Government Information Locator Service (GILS). GILS will identify and describe public information resources throughout the federal government and provide assistance in obtaining the information. It will be decentralized and will supplement other agency and commercial information dissemination mechanisms. The public will use GILS directly or through intermediaries, including the Government Printing Office and the National Technical Information Service, as well as federal depository libraries, other public libraries, and private sector information services. Direct users will have access to a GILS Core accessible on the Internet without charge. Intermediate access may include kiosks, 800 numbers, electronic mail, bulletin boards, FAX, and offline media such as floppy disks, CD-ROM, and printed works. GILS will use network technology and the American National Standards Institute Z39.50 standard for information search and retrieval so that information can be retrieved in a variety of ways. Direct users may have access to many other major federal and nonfederal information resources, linkages to data systems, and electronic delivery of information products. An Office of Management and Budget Bulletin in 1994 will provide implementing guidance to agencies. The National Institute of Standards and Technology will also establish a Federal Information Processing Standard specifying a GILS Profile and its application for agencies establishing information locators.     

Towards a coordinated approach for management information in the NHS

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GILS,Government Information Locator Service: Blending Old and New to Access U.S. Governmental Information

Summary

U.S. government information resources, because of their vast quantity and lack of organization, and because of redundancies among agencies, have never been simple to locate. A budding electronic system, the Government Information Locator Service (GILS), is beginning to put structure into government information as well as to provide online pointers to government resources. This workshop explained the legislation behind the making of GILS, described its mission, and demonstrated actual searches for government information using the locator service.     

A metadata initiative for global information discovery

The Global Information Locator Service (GILS) encompasses a global vision framed by the fundamental values of open societies. Societal values such as a free flow of information impose certain requirements on the society’s information infrastructure. These requirements in turn shape the various laws, policies, standards, and technologies that determine the infrastructure design. A particular focus of GILS is the requirement to provide the means for people to discover sources of data and information. Information discovery in the GILS vision is designed to be decentralized yet coherent, and globally comprehensive yet useful for detailed data. This article introduces basic concepts and design issues, with emphasis on the techniques by which GILS supports interoperability. It explains the practical implications of GILS for the common roles of organizations involved in handling information, from content provider through system engineer and intermediary to searcher. The article provides examples of GILS initiatives in various types of communities: bibliographic, geographic, environmental, and government.     

Ｗｅｂ２．０环境下图书馆信息服务的变化及应对策略

文章研究在Web2.0环境下的图书馆信息服务,分析图书馆传统信息服务的现状和不足,详细论述Web2.0带给图书馆信息服务业务、服务环境、用户需求、信息交流方式的变化,并提出图书馆的应对策略。图书馆只有改革信息服务内容、创新信息服务模式、培训图书馆员,为用户提供更优质的服务。     

浅议高校图书馆信息服务——北京联合大学读者问卷调查分析

文章着重阐述了有关北京联合大学应用文理学院图书馆信息服务周问卷调查的目的和方法,详细汇总并分析了调查问卷,认为高校中小型图书馆提高信息服务的时效性和深层服务必须充分了解读者对信息的各种需求,以此为基础开展有针对性的服务,从而提高图书馆服务质量。     

屏幕保护程序在图书馆信息推送服务中的应用

每台计算机均可在屏幕保护状态下运行设定的图像与文字,图书馆为读者配备的公用计算机越来越多,处于大庭广众视野中的这些公用计算机为图书馆进行信息推送服务提供了硬件平台.文章通过成功案例分析了充分利用屏保程序这样一个看似闲置的功能来实现图书馆信息推送服务的应用前景,阐述了图书馆可寻求的细微创新服务举措.     

(12) The Public Library Situation in Indonesia

This article discusses information policy disputes in Iceland in the last years. Information policy in Iceland has three main strands. The first is the policy laid out by the government in 1995 and 1996, mainly defining the public sector as a buyer of information services. This policy gave the new information industries wide berth to make them better suited to create new jobs. Within that broad policy, individual ministries had scope to form their own policies. The Ministry for Education, Culture and Science has used the opportunity to subscribe nationally to a host of databases. The second strand is the Health Sector Database which sprang from a business idea and has been controversial ever since. The third strand is personal data protection and privacy, where Iceland follows Europe closely. Since the main field of dispute has been the formation of the Health Sector Database, a great part of the article discusses legal, ethical and social questions concerning that database.     

Information Policy Disputes in Iceland

This article discusses information policy disputes in Iceland in the last years. Information policy in Iceland has three main strands. The first is the policy laid out by the government in 1995 and 1996, mainly defining the public sector as a buyer of information services. This policy gave the new information industries wide berth to make them better suited to create new jobs. Within that broad policy, individual ministries had scope to form their own policies. The Ministry for Education, Culture and Science has used the opportunity to subscribe nationally to a host of databases. The second strand is the Health Sector Database which sprang from a business idea and has been controversial ever since. The third strand is personal data protection and privacy, where Iceland follows Europe closely. Since the main field of dispute has been the formation of the Health Sector Database, a great part of the article discusses legal, ethical and social questions concerning that database.     

The development of internationally managed information systems and their prospects

This paper reviews a selection of international collaborative efforts in the production of information services and attempts to characterize modes of cooperation. Information systems specifically discussed include: international nuclear information system (INIS); Nuclear Science Abstract (NSA); EURATOM; AGRIS; AGRINDEX; Information Retrieval Limited (IRL); IFIS (International Food Information Service); Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS); MEDLARS; and TITUS. 3 methods of international information transfer are discussed: commercial transactions; negotiated (bilateral) barter arrangements; and contribution to internationally managed systems. Technical, economic, and professional objectives support the rationale for international cooperation. It is argued that economic and political considerations, as much as improved technology or information transfer, will determine the nature of collaboration in the future.     

“面向西部企业信息服务系统”体系框架研究

信息服务系统体系结构研究是构建面向西部企业信息服务系统的重要问题。文章借鉴国内外有关信息系统体系结构理论,提出符合我国西部企业信息资源保障与服务系统的体系结构框架。该框架由十个部分组成,包括：信息服务战略、信息服务业务结构、信息服务系统及功能、信息资源构成体系、信息基础设施集成、技术体系结构、绩效评估体系、信息安全保障体系、标准化体系及非技术因素。该框架的特点是具有开放性并体现面向用户思想。     

The National Clearinghouse on Aging

This paper discusses the creation of the National Clearinghouse on Aging within the federal government and the involvement of the Clearinghouse in the planning and initial implementation of a proposed Service Center for Aging Information (SCAN). This automated, bibliographic information system and its proposed products and services are described. The differing user groups and information needs involved with gerontological research and the provision of social services to the elderly are also discussed.     

Policy perspectives on electronic collection and dissemination of information

This article discusses the relationship of OMB Circular No. A-130, the Management of Federal Information Resources, to the Paperwork Reduction Act. Information collection and information dissemination are treated unequally in the Act. OMB's proposed policy guidance on electronic collection enumerated conditions favorable to electronic collection, and criteria for design and development of electronic collection systems. Issues raised by commenters included the response burden for electronic collection, the importance of benefit-cost analysis, and the advisability of waivers. Policy issues to be treated in forthcoming proposed OMB policy guidance on electronic collection include requirement of agency inventories of information dissemination products and services, the meaning of adequate notice prior to initiating or terminating dissemination, and other general guidance.     

Evidence into Practice: an information service for primary care professionals

This paper describes the development of the Primary Care Information Service (PCIS) in South Humber Health Authority—a practical example of an information service which aims to make it easier for primary care practitioners to have access to information services and resources, both by electronic and more traditional means. Also, issues to consider when establishing a service for primary care professionals, including barriers to be overcome, are outlined, and an examination is made of how the service has been developed around principles of evidence-based medicine. Finally, the achievements to-date are considered.     

The Find-It! Illinois controlled vocabulary: Improving access to government information through the Jessica subject tree

The need to improve information access on the Web has resulted in Illinois’ implementation of lexicographer Dr. Jessica Milstead’s subject tree for the Find-It! Illinois Program. In 1999, when the Illinois State Library joined four other states in implementing a state Government Information Locator Service (GILS) project, developing a controlled vocabulary became an essential component for maximizing retrieval of government information. Furthermore, application of library cataloging tools such as the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) is insufficient for online retrieval. An analysis of the structure and content of Dr. Milstead’s subject tree reveals the importance of new tools for improving online access methods. Illinois’ implementation of Dr. Milstead’s subject tree exposed the interest for nationwide application. The Illinois subject tree has been named the “Jessica Tree” to convey its expanded utility. The national adoption of a controlled vocabulary for retrieving state government information online will require collaboration among all states, so that the vision of a Find-It! America can be actualized.     

俄罗斯的公共图书馆虚似信息咨询服务

“公共图书馆虚拟信息咨询服务”是俄罗斯专门性信息咨询网站Library．ru提供的项目。它具有全国图书馆的合作性,咨询服务对象和咨询内容具有公众性。     

Review article: Consumer health information services*

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Are the national technical information service's prices too high?

Some have claimed that prices charged by the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) for its information products and services are inappropriately high. The National Technical Information Service commissioned a study, carried out by the author, to determine whether these claims were substantiated. The study focused on 15 selected information products and services, and asked whether prices for these products were too high relative to NTIS' costs, relative to prices for comparable commercial products, and relative to prices for comparable products from the Government Printing Office (GPO). NTIS breaks even in the aggregate, showing neither profit nor loss at the end of the year, although individual products may be priced higher or lower than cost. NTIS prices appeared to be competitive with comparable private sector prices, and 17 executives from information industry firms believed NTIS prices were about right or not too high. For comparable products from GPO, NTIS prices tend to be lower because of administrative decisions to underprice GPO. The study examined, in greater depth, issues surrounding two new information products, Big Emerging Markets and World News Connection. NTIS prices are not too high relative to costs, to comparable commercial products and GPO products.     

基于NSTL服务平台的计量原文管理系统建设

中国计量科学研究院文献馆作为国家科技图书文献中心（以下简称NSTL）成员单位。从我国科技文献发展的战略高度,积极推进NSTL“统一采购、规范加工、联合上网、资源共享”的各项工作,为适应NSTL工作管理需求不断发展的需要,建立了基于NSTL服务平台的计量原文管理系统。