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儿童现实性监测的发展是当前错误记忆发展研究的一个重要领域。文章对现实性监测的定义、研究范式、已有的研究成果进行了回顾,介绍了三个相关的理论,指出了现实性监测计算方法的局限性,并认为,对已有的理论进行证实或证伪研究,考察现实性监测与易受暗示性之间的因果关系是未来研究的趋势。 相似文献
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图画故事书与学前儿童的发展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
康长运 《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2002,(4):20-27
图画故事书是学前儿童阅读的起点,是儿童人生的第一本书.图画故事书通过文字和图画共同传达故事信息,有别于其他形式的语言或视觉艺术,它独特的表达系统比较契合儿童心理特点.同时,图画故事书阅读又是一种复杂的心理过程,需要学前儿童具备大量的知识、经验和策略.因此,对学前儿童的语言、想象、思维、情感、社会化及审美能力发展都具有重要的价值. 相似文献
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张艺丝 《延安职业技术学院学报》2024,(1):59-62
家庭对个体的成长发展至关重要,婴儿从出生开始就要依靠父母和家庭的保护,为其成长提供生活、教育和游戏等方面的支持和帮助。美国学前儿童家庭支持已形成了较完整的体系,包含法律法规、经济支持、亲职福利和服务性项目等多个方面。通过对美国学前儿童家庭支持发展历程、价值取向和内容的分析,建议从政府、社会、社区、幼儿园和家庭入手,逐步形成符合我国国情的学前儿童家庭支持机制,以全面提升学前儿童家庭支持水平。 相似文献
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本研究选取保定市186名4-7岁学前流动儿童为研究对象,采用《4-7岁儿童社会性发展量表》对其社会性发展水平进行调查,结果表明:与常模相比,学前流动儿童社会性发展总分符合常模正态分布;学前流动儿童社会性发展总分存在显著的性别差异,男孩总分高于女孩;学前流动儿童社会性发展总分随年龄增长、家庭定居市区时间的增长及母亲文化水平的提高而呈增长趋势。学前流动儿童家庭、社区、幼儿园应通力合作,采取相关干预措施,促进其社会性发展。 相似文献
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学前儿童亲子交往研究的是父母与儿童的交往行为,近年来越来越受到研究者的关注.文章从学前儿童亲子交往的类型和特征、亲子交往的影响因素、亲子交往与学前儿童发展、有缺陷儿童的亲子交往等方面介绍了近年来学前儿童亲子交往的相关研究,并从研究范围、研究内容、研究方法方面对以往研究进行了评价. 相似文献
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图画书与学前儿童语言教育 总被引:12,自引:6,他引:12
图画书作为一种独特的读物形式,因其自身具备的诸多阅读特点,能有效促进学前儿童语言发展,如亲子共读图画书时父母的关爱和温暖会有益儿童语言学习能力的发展;图画书阅读对促进儿童语言中枢的成熟起着重要的催化作用;图画书的连贯性画面能促进儿童流畅语言表达;图画书为以形象思维为主的学前儿童提供了便于理解的基础。目前图画书已成为学前儿童语言教育的重要资源和手段,它可以为普通话教学提供绝佳文字资源;可以成为复述故事教学法的重要内容资源;可以培养儿童的阅读兴趣。 相似文献
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孙爱琴 《天津市教科院学报》2004,(2):58-60
质的研究方法是社会科学研究中的重要方法之一,该法源起于人类学和社会学研究,以现象学的解释主义(Phenomenologieal interprefivism)为基础,注重研究者与被研究者之间的互动,采用自然主义的探究方式,对特定情景中的教育现象予以整体归纳,并将最终结果以文字或图片的形式呈现出来。 相似文献
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牟丹妮 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2015,(2):134-135
从上世纪80年代以来,众多的学前教育和音乐教育的学者、专家都大力开展关于学前音乐教育对儿童发展价值的研究。音乐教育的特殊育人功能是其他教育无可比拟的,特别是学前音乐教育对于儿童的身心健康发展具有积极意义,甚至会影响其一生的发展。本文从学前教育价值出发,详细阐述了学前教育对儿童发展方面的价值。 相似文献
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口吃是一种言语流畅性障碍。许多关于口吃者言语加工的研究都发现工作记忆对口吃具有重要的影响。文章分析了工作记忆各成分(包括中央执行系统、语音回路、视空间模板)与口吃的关系,综述了关于工作记忆与口吃关系的研究,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议。 相似文献
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黄曼冰 《桂林师范高等专科学校学报》2015,(1):140-143
工作记忆是指一种执行认知任务时对信息进行暂时加工、贮存的能量有限的记忆系统。工作记忆模型大致经历了三个阶段:第一阶段是由中央执行系统、语音环和视觉空间模板组成的最初的工作记忆三成分模型;第二阶段是工作记忆三成分模型的发展;第三阶段是有新增的系统——情景缓冲器加入的工作记忆四成分模型。 相似文献
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This paper reports two studies that investigate differences in comprehension monitoring skills between good and poor comprehenders.
Two groups of 9– to 10-year-olds, who were matched for reading vocabulary and word recognition skills but who differed in
comprehension skill, were selected. In the first study, in which the children were required to find anomalous words and phrases,
the skilled comprehenders engaged in more accurate monitoring of sentence level anomalies (but not word level anomalies) than
did the poorer comprehenders. In the second study, the comprehension monitoring task required the children to detect pairs
of sentences, in short texts, that were contradictory. In addition, the working memory demands of the task were varied by
placing the two items of inconsistent information either in adjacent sentences, or in sentences that were separated in the
text by several others. As in the first study, less-skilled comprehenders performed more poorly on the detection task, but
the difference between the groups was considerably more pronounced when the sentences were separated than when they were adjacent.
In addition, the children were given a numerical working memory test, and the poorer comprehenders performed more poorly on
this test. However, although working memory performance was related to performance on some of the error detection tasks, comprehension
ability was also a good, and sometimes better, predictor. The results are discussed in terms of the different cognitive abilities
that might contribute to efficient comprehension monitoring. 相似文献
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工作记忆的性质和工作机制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对工作记忆概念的理解存在三种观点:结构观、功能观和内容观。持不同观点的研究者对工作记忆和工作机制有不同解释,资源-共享模式认为工作记忆的工作机制是认知空间分配;工作记忆容量的控制性注意观认为工作记忆是依赖于有限资源的注意控制过程;抑制观回避“容量”概念,强调工作记忆机制是克服干扰、排除任务无关信息的过程;任务转换假说认为工作记忆任务执行过程中存在记忆消退现象。这些观点从不同角度揭示了工作记忆的工作机制,既有重叠又有分歧。 相似文献
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Nelson Cowan 《Educational Psychology Review》2014,26(2):197-223
Working memory is the retention of a small amount of information in a readily accessible form. It facilitates planning, comprehension, reasoning, and problem solving. I examine the historical roots and conceptual development of the concept and the theoretical and practical implications of current debates about working memory mechanisms. Then, I explore the nature of cognitive developmental improvements in working memory, the role of working memory in learning, and some potential implications of working memory and its development for the education of children and adults. The use of working memory is quite ubiquitous in human thought, but the best way to improve education using what we know about working memory is still controversial. I hope to provide some directions for research and educational practice. 相似文献
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Cognitive models of multimedia learning such as the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (Mayer 2009) or the Cognitive Load Theory (Sweller 1999) are based on different cognitive models of working memory (e.g., Baddeley 1986) and long-term memory. The current paper describes a working memory model that has recently gained popularity in basic research: the embedded-processes model (Cowan 1999). The embedded-processes model argues that working memory is not a separate cognitive system but is the activated part of long-term memory. A subset of activated long-term memory is assumed to be particularly highlighted and is termed the “focus of attention.” This model thus integrates working memory, long-term memory, and (voluntary and involuntary) attention, and referring to it within multimedia models provides the opportunity to model all these learning-relevant cognitive processes and systems in a unitary way. We make suggestions for incorporating this model into theories of multimedia learning. On this basis, one cannot only reinterpret crucial phenomena in multimedia learning that are attributed to working memory (the split-attention effect, the modality effect, the coherence effect, the signaling effect, the redundancy effect, and the expertise reversal effect) but also derive new predictions. 相似文献