Mediating Voices: Community Participation in the Design of E-Enabled Community Care Services

In the United Kingdom, information and communication technologies are being used to e-enable multiagency community services for children. Public policy advocates that practitioners as well as users should be involved in the shaping of services including the information systems used in their delivery. This article discusses how a group of social and computer scientists developed the social formation methodology to facilitate nonexpert community participation in the design of e-enabled community care services. The longitudinal study adapts qualitative methods to understand community welfare and to foster participation in the design of communication systems. By exploring the perspectives of welfare practitioners and families, the importance of situated and mediated conversations in community care is identified. The facilitative conversation approach of the study then brings these community perspectives, as well as ICT perspectives, into design processes of e-enabled services.     

青藏高原社区牧民社会福利比较分析——以夏河等社区为例

基于生态、教育、收入三个子系统,构建青藏高原社区牧民社会福利指数模型,并根据青藏高原社区畜牧业四个示范社区牧民基线调查结果,测算2012~2014年牧民参加社区畜牧业试点的社会福利变化。结果表明,四个示范社区牧民社会福利总体水平不断上升,但福利改进水平差异较大;各子系统福利指数中,夏河社区牧民生态福利最高,河南社区牧民教育和收入福利指数最高;墨竹工卡社区牧民生态福利相对较低,白玉社区教育福利和收入福利较低。通过示范社区牧民福利比较,提出加强政策引导、科研技术支持、加强牧民培训、扩宽青藏高原特色畜产品市场等,促进青藏高原社区畜牧业发展。     

Assessing the Need and Potential of Community Networking for Development in Rural India Special Issue: ICTs and Community Networking

This article reports the results and conclusions of a mixed-methods research strategy designed to assess the potential of community networking in rural Tamil Nadu, India. The data reported and analyzed in this article include socioeconomic and household spending, agricultural marketing and price search, availability and use of information on agricultural problems, and communication media use. We use these data to define a framework of existing sources of information for various community agents, with a special emphasis on farmers. We analyze the methods and costs at which these agents obtain information, and identify information and communication gaps that information and communication technologies (ICTs) may help alleviate. This study allows us to demonstrate opportunities for socioeconomic development through ICT-enabled information access. The article concludes by stating the importance of basic communication technologies and contextually relevant information services, and suggesting recommendations for future research in this area.     

专业虚拟社区情境下的绿色技术扩散网络研究

采用社会网络分析方法,考察环保论坛这一专业虚拟社区内的绿色技术扩散网络整体状况、网络中的技术信息流动及其受控情况以及信息交流中存在的小群体。研究发现社区内不同类型绿色技术的扩散网络发展不均衡,同时技术扩散整体水平偏低;社区成员间信息交流比较顺畅,但信息传递不够发散;少数核心成员在末端治理技术和绿色产品信息传播中占据主导地位,同时绿色技术信息在传递和交流中较少受到中介控制;社区成员在信息交流和互动中存在显著的群体分化。     

Wikipedia,Critical Social Theory,and the Possibility of Rational Discourse 1

Information systems researchers that apply critical social perspectives frequently emphasize the potential for information technology to serve as a mechanism for increased rationalization, domination, and control. Such theorists often overlook or discount the liberating aspects of information systems. In this study, we apply the ideal of rational discourse developed by Jürgen Habermas to the phenomenon of Wikipedia in an effort to explore empirically the emancipatory potential of information systems. We contend that Wikipedia embodies an approximation of the necessary conditions for rational discourse. While several challenges persist, the example of Wikipedia illustrates the positive potential of information systems in supporting the emergence of more emancipatory forms of communication. The corresponding implications for researchers and design professionals alike are discussed.     

使用与满足理论视角下的移动图书馆用户参与影响机理研究

【目的/意义】随着互联网与智能手机的普及,移动图书馆逐渐成为信息获取的重要来源之一。本研究旨在 探讨影响移动图书馆用户社区服务中用户参与的因素问题。【方法/过程】本研究构建了基于使用和满足理论 （U&G）的模型来解释用户满足和用户参与之间的因果关系。通过在线调查和验证性分析对理论模型进行了检验。 结合调查和数据分析,本文验证了相关的研究假设。【结果/结论】结果表明,享乐满足、技术满足、实用满足和社会 满足对用户参与均有显著影响。【创新/局限】研究发现用户参与已经成为移动图书馆用户社区发展中的关键问题, 用户通过移动图书馆构建虚拟用户社区融入该群体的社会服务。研究通过影响移动图书馆用户因素的分析为移 动图书馆用户社区建设提供了政策启示及理论支撑。     

Assessing the Need and Potential of Community Networking for Development in Rural India

This article reports the results and conclusions of a mixed-methods research strategy designed to assess the potential of community networking in rural Tamil Nadu, India. The data reported and analyzed in this article include socioeconomic and household spending, agricultural marketing and price search, availability and use of information on agricultural problems, and communication media use. We use these data to define a framework of existing sources of information for various community agents, with a special emphasis on farmers. We analyze the methods and costs at which these agents obtain information, and identify information and communication gaps that information and communication technologies (ICTs) may help alleviate. This study allows us to demonstrate opportunities for socioeconomic development through ICT-enabled information access. The article concludes by stating the importance of basic communication technologies and contextually relevant information services, and suggesting recommendations for future research in this area.     

老年群体微信使用对心理健康的影响：社会参与的中介作用

【目的/意义】破除老年数字鸿沟需要引导老年群体使用智能手机等信息技术。尽管已有研究探索了老年 群体接受和使用信息技术的影响因素,但少有研究关注信息技术使用对老年群体身心健康的影响。本研究以社会 参与的视角探讨我国老年群体微信使用行为与其抑郁程度的关联机制,进而为理解信息技术使用对老年群体的影 响提供实证证据。【方法/过程】使用2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）数据,采用多元线性回归分析微信 使用与抑郁程度之间的关系,以及社会参与在其中的中介效应。【结果/结论】在8122名60岁及以上的老年人中,微 信使用者为524人（6.5%）,且这些使用者存在明显的异质性的社会结构。回归分析发现,老年群体微信使用与其较 低水平的抑郁显著相关,同时,其社会参与在其中起到了中介作用。【创新/局限】研究结果启示我们应在帮助老年 群体学习和使用信息技术、缩小数字鸿沟的同时,利用好信息技术的优势,促进老年群体的社会参与,进而增进其 心理健康。     

城市社区虚拟养老院项目调查研究

城市社区居家养老服务需求种类繁杂、需求量大,而能有效提供各类服务的机构相对不够,甚至缺乏。为了系统解决诸多的居家养老难题,天津劲松护养院自2008年开始,利用自身资源优势的同时,介入专业老年社会工作的方式,整合多方资源,针对社区急需服务的老年人,开展个案管理工作,积极探索延伸社区助老服务,并自2012年开始,连续3年接受中央财政资金支持,开展社区虚拟养老院项目,本文即以该项目为研究对象,对项目的执行情况开展调查研究。     

The citizen-led information practices of ICT4D in rural communities of China: A mixed-method study

Information and communication technology is regarded as a critical means of addressing rural problems of information deficiency, ineffective communication and emotional disconnection. Most studies on information and communication technology for development (ICT4D) can be categorized as a top-down development approach and are often theoretical research or case studies conducted using qualitative methods. In this study, we discuss a new phenomenon of citizen-led information practices in rural areas driven by the rural community and its citizens. By employing a mixed-method approach combining case studies and social network analysis (SNA), we explore how ICT4D can be achieved through citizen-led information practices. This study makes theoretical contributions to the study of ICT4D and information practices as well as the mixed-method approach, which deepen our understanding of the citizen-led information practices of ICT4D. This study also provides practical suggestions to the governments, enterprises, social organizations and rural communities in ICT4D practices and ICT function design.     

虚拟社区的交互式信息服务

虚拟社区是网络环境下出现的一种网络社会现象,它将不同的用户聚集成为有机的网络共同体。本文先介绍了虚拟社区的形成,然后论述了虚拟社区的信息交互过程、信息组织方式及其特点,最后提出图书馆虚拟社区的构建。     

社会工作与社区居家养老服务

社会工作特有的知识、理论和方法决定了其适应社区居家养老服务的发展,在介入居家养老服务中可以提供直接和间接的服务。本文对社会工作介入社区居家养老服务进行了展望。     

Accessing and Browsing Information and Communication,by Ronald E. Rice,Maureen McCreadie,and Shan-Ju L. Chang. Cambridge,MA: MIT Press, 2001. xiii + 357 pp., $45.00. ISBN 0-262-18214-9.

Critics have argued that information and communication technologies (ICTs) disconnect people from their social networks and reduce public participation. Research in support of this perspective has been biased by two assumptions. The first is a tendency to privilege the Internet as a social system removed from the other ways people communicate. The second is a tendency to favor broadly supportive strong social ties. Survey and ethnographic observations from Netville, a 2-year community networking experiment, suggest that weak, not strong ties experience growth as a result of ICTs. By examining a unique and underexplored stage in the life cycle of a community networking project, the end of a networking trial, this article demonstrates how ICTs facilitate community participation and collective action (a) by creating large, dense networks of relatively weak social ties and (b) through the use of ICTs as an organizing tool.     

Grieving for a Lost Network: Collective Action in a Wired Suburb

Critics have argued that information and communication technologies (ICTs) disconnect people from their social networks and reduce public participation. Research in support of this perspective has been biased by two assumptions. The first is a tendency to privilege the Internet as a social system removed from the other ways people communicate. The second is a tendency to favor broadly supportive strong social ties. Survey and ethnographic observations from Netville, a 2-year community networking experiment, suggest that weak, not strong ties experience growth as a result of ICTs. By examining a unique and underexplored stage in the life cycle of a community networking project, the end of a networking trial, this article demonstrates how ICTs facilitate community participation and collective action (a) by creating large, dense networks of relatively weak social ties and (b) through the use of ICTs as an organizing tool.     

Comparison of crowdsourcing platforms from social-psychological and motivational perspectives

The increasing need to compete in innovation and the prevalence of IT in social and economic interactions have led to greater globalization in innovation sourcing, particularly through online crowdsourcing platforms. Crowdsourcing platform participation, a phenomenon inadequately covered, is an instance of providing an innovative solution or idea intertwined with personal and social factors that interact to result in a behavior. A better understanding of the impact of social factors and participants’ hedonic, utilitarian, and social motivations can guide the design and management of these crowdsourcing platforms to foster sustained engagement. This study considered the competitive and social nature of these platforms and analyzed participation intentions from a novel standpoint—a combination of motivational and socio-cognitive perspectives and their relationships within two different types of crowdsourcing platforms: Atizo’s third-party-hosted community and Nokia’s brand-hosted IdeasProject community. A comparison of these two types of crowdsourcing platforms for the same activity of ideation at an individual level revealed differences in behavior determinants based on the platform host type, domain specificity, and mechanisms supporting different motives and social factors.     

融合用户社交与情境信息的虚拟知识社区个性化知识推荐研究

[目的/意义]通过融合用户社交与情境信息,构建虚拟知识社区个性化知识推荐模型并开展个性化知识推荐算法的设计,能够在一定程度上完善虚拟知识社区个性化知识推荐方法的理论体系,具有一定的理论价值和应用价值。[方法/过程]首先构建出基于用户社交与情境信息的虚拟知识社区个性化知识推荐模型,然后利用改进的最大团算法设计出虚拟知识社区个性化知识推荐算法,最后通过选取某虚拟知识社区的用户数据进行实例分析实现精准的个性化知识推荐。[结果/结论]在利用融合用户社交与情境信息进行虚拟知识社区个性化知识推荐过程中,通过对某虚拟知识社区的实例分析,表明其个性化知识推荐结果的精准度得到了显著的提升。     

Wind,Water, and Wi-Fi: New Trends in Community Informatics and Disaster Management

In emergencies, information sharing among and between officials, volunteers, and citizens is essential for effective recovery and management. Recently, volunteers and others have been using community technology centers, community wireless networks, and end-user social technologies such as blogs and Wikis to prepare for emergencies and communicate and coordinate response when they happen. This article argues that there is a need for a research agenda that combines our knowledge of community informatics with the principles of disaster management to understand how social networks form and mobilize in disasters and how information and communication technologies should be designed and deployed to engage, inform, and mobilize those volunteer and citizen networks.     

非公募基金会服务社区初探

非公募基金会在开展社会公益活动方面已经取得了显著的成绩,但是在服务社区方面基本还处于空白状态。鉴于社区在社会发展中的重要地位,非公募基金会应该加大对社区服务的投入,通过多种方式努力促进社区的发展。     

Wind, Water, and Wi-Fi: New Trends in Community Informatics and Disaster Management

In emergencies, information sharing among and between officials, volunteers, and citizens is essential for effective recovery and management. Recently, volunteers and others have been using community technology centers, community wireless networks, and end-user social technologies such as blogs and Wikis to prepare for emergencies and communicate and coordinate response when they happen. This article argues that there is a need for a research agenda that combines our knowledge of community informatics with the principles of disaster management to understand how social networks form and mobilize in disasters and how information and communication technologies should be designed and deployed to engage, inform, and mobilize those volunteer and citizen networks.