Bullying victimization and depression among left-behind children in rural China: Roles of self-compassion and hope

BackgroundBullying victimization among school-aged children is an important public health issue that may affect their well-being and mental health. However, few studies have been conducted on left-behind children in rural China, who are defined as the children who stay in rural areas for more than six months and have one or both parents migrating to urban areas for work. The mechanisms through which bullying victimization will influence depression have disproportionally adopted a psychopathological perspective, and the protective factors are understudied.ObjectiveThis study aims at investigating the factors that might contribute to breaking up the vicious circle between bullying victimization and developmental problems, focusing on the protective role of self-compassion and hope in the association between bullying victimization and depression.MethodsUsing questionnaires, data were collected from a sample of 1091 school-aged left-behind children from west and central China.ResultsCompared with rural children living with their parents, left-behind children reported a higher level of bullying victimization. Bullying victimization was positively associated with depression through decreased self-compassion and hope, and self- compassion played a more crucial role than hope in the linkage between bullying victimization and depression.ConclusionsOur study's findings suggest that it is necessary to incorporate self-compassion and hope in mental health prevention and intervention programs targeting left-behind children with bullying victimization experiences.     

西方心理学关于青少年社交焦虑障碍的研究

社交焦虑障碍是仅次于抑郁症和酒精依赖症的第三大心理障碍。国内对青少年社交焦虑障碍的研究相对较少。文章就西方心理学对青少年社交焦虑障碍研究取得的成果进行述评,并提出了进一步研究的方向,希望对国内开展这方面的研究有所启示。     

心理健康、领悟社会支持和复原力关系研究

旨在研究复原力在大学生心理健康与领悟社会支持间的中介效应。随机抽取600名大学生为研究对象,以一般健康问卷、领悟社会支持量表以及大学生复原力量表为研究工具,采用SPSS16.0进行分析。结果表明,大学生心理健康与领悟社会支持存在显著负相关;复原力与领悟社会支持存在显著正相关;大学生心理健康与复原力存在显著负相关;复原力在大学生心理健康与领悟社会支持间存在部分中介效应。     

Emotional abuse as a predictor of early maladaptive schemas in adolescents: Contributions to the development of depressive and social anxiety symptoms

The schema therapy model posits that maltreatment generates early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) that lead to the development of emotional disorders throughout the life span. The model also stipulates that temperament moderates the influence of maltreatment on EMSs. This study examines (a) whether emotional abuse perpetrated by parents and peers, both alone and interactively with temperament, predicts the worsening of EMSs; and (b) whether EMSs in turn predict an increase in depressive and social anxiety symptoms in adolescents. A total of 1,052 adolescents (M_age = 13.43; SD = 1.29) were assessed at three time points, each of which was separated by 6 months. The subjects completed measures of emotional abuse by parents and peers, neuroticism, extraversion, EMSs, depressive symptoms, and social anxiety. The findings indicate that emotional bullying victimization and neuroticism predict a worsening of all schema domains over time. Contrary to expectations, there was no significant interaction between temperament dimensions and emotional abuse. The results confirmed the mediational hypothesis that changes in EMSs mediated the predictive association between bullying victimization and emotional symptoms. This study provides partial support for the schema therapy model by demonstrating the role of emotional abuse and temperament in the genesis of EMSs.     

留守儿童心理弹性与社会支持关系的调查研究

采用问卷法,比较留守儿童和非留守儿童在心理弹性和受到社会支持的差异,考查留守儿童心理弹性和受到社会支持的现状,分析留守儿童的心理弹性与社会支持的关系。结果表明：（1）非留守儿童在心理弹性的积极认知维度和社会支持的工具性支持维度上的得分均显著高于留守儿童;（2）广西桂林的留守儿童社会支持总维度和各维度的得分都显著高于福建...     

高职院校毕业班学生心理弹性与择业焦虑的关系

研究发现,心理弹性与择业焦虑呈现显著的负相关关系,因此,高职院校毕业班学生的心理弹性水平越高,择业焦虑水平就越低。此外,通过调查,有利于让学生意识到自身的心理弹性水平及存在的择业焦虑问题,并促进学生自己能够通过多种方式来提高自身的心理弹性水平,从而利于学生在一定程度上缓解其择业焦虑现状。     

双性化人格与大学生社交焦虑的相关研究

目的:探讨不同性别角色类型大学生的社交焦虑水平及两者之间的关系。方法:采用贝姆性别角色量表(BSRI)和交往焦虑量表(IAS),整群随机抽取400名大学生进行调查。结论:(1)被调查大学生中双性化人格比例明显高于其他性别角色类型。(2)大学生的社交焦虑水平普遍较高。(3)双性化人格特质与良好情绪状态具有较高的相关性,表现为双性化人格大学生的社交焦虑水平最低。     

困境儿童抗逆力提升的社会工作思考与对策

困境儿童抗逆力社会工作发展至今,主要以政府和民间两种方式运作,围绕个案、小组、社区三种工作方法展开,并出现了服务力量地区性失衡、学校与社工合力欠缺、服务效果缺乏评估等问题。该文在上述问题加以思考论证的基础上建议,要加强对贫困农村地区困境儿童社会工作的支持力度,形成社区工作和学校教育的合力,优化对抗逆力提升社会工作的效果评估。     

儿童汉语学习的焦虑分析及教学对策

焦虑是儿童汉语学习中的一个不容忽视的问题,儿童学习者焦虑的表现形式有在内外因两个方面。从外因和内因两个方面分析其产生的根源,结合实际教学经验和儿童学习者的特点,提出克服和缓解儿童汉语学习焦虑的可行性策略。     

心理弹性研究回顾与展望

遭遇困境仍然发展良好的个体被认为是具有心理弹性的。心理弹性研究经历了保护因素的确认、弹性形成机制的探索和心理弹性干预三个阶段。心理弹性研究主要有以变量为中心和以被试为中心两种范式。操作性定义难以确定、研究对象和研究主题分散是心理弹性研究面临的主要问题,也是今后研究取得进展的生长点。     

孤独症儿童父母社会支持与焦虑的关系研究

本文采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)对54名孤独症儿童的父亲或母亲进行测量,探讨孤独症儿童父母社会支持与焦虑的关系。结果表明:孤独症儿童父母的社会支持与常模无显著差异,不同性别、文化程度在社会支持各维度上的得分也无显著差异;孤独症儿童父母的焦虑水平显著高于国内常模,不同性别、不同年龄阶段父母焦虑水平无显著差异;孤独症儿童父母社会支持与焦虑水平呈显著的负相关。     

新时期的教师心理弹性的启示

造成教师心理压力的原因,除了由新课改所带来的外部压力这一直接诱因外,教师自身的心理素质也至关重要。其中面对压力、挫折仍能适应良好的能力——心理弹性是我们不可忽视的重要内因之一。因此,重视教师的心理弹性的塑造和加强,对推进新课改的进程显得尤为重要。     

大学生社交焦虑对职业决策困难的影响——心理资本的中介作用

为探讨大学生社交焦虑与大学生职业决策困难、心理资本间的关系,采用交往焦虑量表、职业决策困难量表以及积极心理资本问卷测查了207名大学生.结果表明：（1）大学生社交焦虑与职业决策困难得分呈显著正相关,与心理资本呈显著负相关;（2）心理资本在社交焦虑与职业决策困难关系之间发挥着部分中介作用,当心理资本进入回归方程时,社交焦虑对职业决策困难的预测系数从0.350下降到0.205（t=3.047,P〈0.05）。     

留守儿童心理韧性与心理适应性相关研究

探讨心理韧性与心理适应性之间的关系,为学校、家庭和社会对留守儿童教育提供参考依据。通过采用青少年心理弹性量表(HKRK)和心理适应量表(APAS),对298名留守儿童进行问卷调查。研究表明留守儿童心理健康问题不容忽视,在开展小学生心理健康教育工作中,尤其应重视留守儿童心理韧性的品质培养,并针对不同年龄和性别开展。     

A Position Statement on Social Justice,Physical Education,and Bullying: A Figurational Sociological Perspective

ABSTRACT

Bullying is increasingly considered to be an important moral, political, and social issue within modern society. Academic research on this issue has mostly been examined through a psychological lens, often using questionnaire data to examine and explain the prevalence of different types of bullying. In this position statement, we apply a figurational sociological perspective to examine issues of school-based bullying in physical education. We critically reflect on attempts to position bullying amongst young people as a “social justice” issue and argue that core figurational principles might potentially help researchers strive toward a more reality-congruent means of conceptualizing the power-relationships that are inherent within bullying. We further maintain that the development of a more detached understanding of issues relating to bullying might provide a more adequate basis to contribute to future ongoing policy development.     

Bullying: Group differences of being victim and being bully and the influence of social relations

Bullying refers to several aspects of social interaction and communication. As a negative indicator of social inclusion, it has a high impact on students' well-being/health. Therefore, the present paper focuses on bullying of risk groups (gender, migration background, …), the influence of social relations on bullying and its context on school-well-being. 353 secondary school students (Austria) participated. Results indicated that boys were more likely to be bullies as well as victims. Regression analyses indicate that being female and positive teacher-student-relationships are significant predictors of being a bully less often and a positive peer-relationship is a predictor of being a victim less often. A negative correlation was found for both being a bully and being a victim and school-well-being. The findings highlight that social relations rather than being member of a minority group are important factors causing bullying and victimisation. Results will be discussed, taking into account methodological-analytical conditions.     

心理弹性及其作用机制的研究述评

心理弹性目前已成为心理学的一个重要研究领域,并日益为,心理学界所关注.已有研究分别从不同角度给予心理弹性不同的定义,虽没有形成统一的概念,但在进行研究时,都认可两个基本的操作性定义要素:个体遭遇逆境和个体成功应对.有关心理弹性的研究目前大多停留在第一阶段,即对心理弹性变量的探讨;对心理弹性内在机制的探讨是心理弹性研究的第二阶段,这将成为今后研究的重点.本研究在综合国外大量文献的基础上重点探讨了心理弹性作用机制的理论模型,并提出注重生态学原则、进行细化研究、拓展纵向研究、加强认知研究和实施干预研究,将可能成为心理弹性作用机制的研究趋势.     

3-6年级留守儿童孤独感与社交焦虑关系研究

采用儿童孤独感量表和儿童社交焦虑量表,以3-6年级留守儿童为对象进行调查研究。结果发现:(1)3-6年级留守儿童的孤独感在性别变量上无显著差异。(2)父母双方外出打工的留守儿童孤独感显著高于父亲外出打工的留守儿童,与母亲外出打工留守儿童的孤独感无显著差异。(3)3-6年级留守儿童的孤独感在年级变量上的差异显著,随着年级升高,孤独感得分随之降低。(4)3-6年级留守儿童的孤独感与总体社交焦虑及其各因子呈显著正相关,总体社交焦虑和社交回避对孤独感具有显著的联合预测作用。     

The impact of a Curriculum for Resilience Promotion in Deaf Children and Adolescents

Resilience is an interactive process involving internal skills that should be promoted, especially in the early stages of development. This study aims to adapt and implement two themes from the European Curriculum for Resilience Promotion – RESCUR, namely, ‘Developing Communication Skills’ and ‘Establishing and Maintaining Healthy Relationships’, for deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) students. The study included 37 children and adolescents from three Portuguese regions and its impact was evaluated through the perspectives of the students, their guardians and their teachers. Each 90-minute session was implemented weekly. The sessions followed the RESCUR curriculum structure with necessary adaptations to the mindfulness activities, stories, role-play and worksheets. The mean scores increased from pre- to post-intervention assessment on all instruments, namely, KIDSCREEN-10 (children/adolescents), KIDSCREEN-10 (guardians) and CYRM-28 (teachers). The implementation of adapted curricula promoting resilience seems to be beneficial to DHH children, allowing the development of specific resilience-associated skills, and thus enhancing health, well-being and quality of life.