提高学生处理数学问题能力初探

解决一个复杂的数学问题，包含着对问题的变通处理过程，处理问题的能力直接决定着解决问题的效率。就数学问题来看。处理问题的能力主要有观察能力、迁移能力、猜想能力、创新能力、变通能力等方面。下面就提高学生处理问题能力作一探索，供参考。     

提出问题能力评价要素探讨

爱因斯坦曾说：“提出一个问题比解决一个问题更重要。”学习就是不断提出问题、解决问题的过程。问题决定学习的方向、深度，问题提出的质量决定学习的质量，没有问题就没有学习，所以学生提出问题能力的强弱对学习能力，特别是自主学习能力的形成至关重要。“提出问题”还是科学探究能力的重要构成要素，而探究能力的培养是中学新课程重要的能力目标之一。故培养与评价学生提出问题的能力是新课程教学的重要任务之一。     

论智能训练

智能训练的任务是培养运动员独立完成训练和参加比赛的能力，观察问题和分析问题的能力，自我监督能力，并提高运动员的综合素质，智能训练要贯穿在运动训练过程中，要在传授知识中发展智能，在专项理论的传授中发展智能。     

浅谈如何在数学教学中加强素质教育

为加强素质教育，笔认为在数学教学中要注重以下几方面能力的培养：一，学习新教学知识的能力。二，探究教学问题的能力，三，应用数学知识解决实际问题的能力。四，创造性能力。     

论高等职业学校中的高等数学教学的能力培养

在高等职业教育学校的高等数学教学中，关于高职学生的数学能力培养问题是数学教学研究的一个重要课题，本结合数学教学的实际，对学生思维能力，解题能力，应用能力的培养问题进行了探索和研究。     

排列组合学习中应注意的问题

排列、组合是数学中较为独立的部分，其研究对象及研究问题的方法和以前所学很不相同，对抽象能力和逻辑思维能力要求较高，因而成为高中数学的难点，下面对学习中应注意的几个问题加以诠释，以帮助同学们正确理解概念，提高解题能力。     

创计问题情境,培养学生数学思维能力

在数学课堂教学中，如何发展学生的数学思维，培养学生的数学思维能力是一个广泛而值得探讨的课题，问题情境教学具有一定的代表性，它以优化的问题情境为空间，根据教材的特点，营造、宣染一种富有情境的学习氛围，让学生的活动有机地注入到数学知识的学习中，充分调动学生的学习积极性本文通过如何创设趣味性问题情境．应用性问题情境，疑惑陷阱情境，开放性问题情境，新异悬念问题情境，培养学生数学思维能力进行了充分的阐述，并指出了创设问题情境的五条原则及注意的问题、     

外语语用能力应从基础教育抓起

本文就语言能力和语用能力在大学英语教学中反映出的问题作一讨论。笔者认为，英语语用能力应从中学教育抓起，在重视培养学生英语语言能力同时，也应注重语用能力培养     

浅析教师教育研究能力的建构

以“信息时代”为标榜的世界新技术革命推动了又一个社会转型期的到来，如何适应变革的社会与变化的人是教育不得不考虑也不能不考虑的问题，教育领域因此发生了，或即将发生一些广泛而深刻的变革。目前国家一系列的教改措施已出台并已付诸实施，人们已经认识到教师是决定改革成败的关键所在。教育改革的洪流使得“教育与科研的联系越来越紧密，教师与研究人员的职责也越来越趋向于一致”，“教师成为研究者”的呼声越来越高，这意味着教师要能立足于教育实践，定位教育问题，分析、解决教育问题，从经验型向研究型转变，因此对教师教育研究…     

浅谈生物实验教学中学生能力的培养

生物学实验课是生物教学中的重要环节，通过生物学实验可以提高学生的创造能力和动手能力，提高学生发现问题，分析问题和解决问题的能力。并且培养学生实事求是的科学态度．生物学实验是培养学生的操作能力、观察能力、分析问题和解决问题能力以及调动学生学习生物学兴趣的重要手段．下面，笔者就生物实验教学中如何培养学生的能力谈几点个人看法．     

我国农村留守儿童存在的问题及对策

在我国存在着这样一个弱势群体——农村留守儿童。农村留守儿童问题已成为亟待解决的社会问题。通过对农村留守儿童存在的背景、现状分析,研究解决农村留守儿童问题,具有非常重要的现实意义。农村留守儿童存在心理问题、品行问题、安全问题、学习问题和生活问题等诸多问题。这些问题产生的原因包括社会因素、政府因素、家庭因素和学校因素等,从家庭、学校、政府、社会4个层面提出解决农村留守儿童问题的对策和建议,以期对农村留守儿童问题的解决提供有价值的参考。     

教育研究的中国立场

任何研究总是从研究者自身所发现的问题出发,来寻求应对问题的路径,而研究者自身对问题的发现总是会从自身背景出发,尽可能地去把握普遍性的问题。当代中国教育学术研究需要有走向世界的胸襟,同时需要踏踏实实地回到中国的教育问题,凸显我们作为中国教育研究者的中国意识,进而从特殊性走向普遍性,彰显教育研究的中国智慧。从我们自身遭遇的问题出发,从中国的教育问题实际出发,深深地扎根于中国问题本身,展开我们对人类普遍教育问题的探究,就是朝向世界性的基本方式。     

现代化进程中的“三农”问题

“三农”问题是现代化进程中的一类社会问题,是对现代化进程中农民、农业、农村问题的一个总概括。市场机制的负面作用、政府现代化战略失误和不合理的土地制度是导致“三农”问题的主要原因。抑制市场机制的“马太效应”、正确把握汲取农业剩余的尺度、遵循人口流动规律、制定科学合理的农业发展规划、废除不合理的土地制度和加大工业对农业的反哺力度是预防和解决“三农”问题的根本方法。     

Teachers modify geometry problems: from proof to investigation

We explored transformations that teachers made to modify geometry proof problems into investigation problems and analyzed how these transformations differ in teachers who use a dynamic geometry environment (DGE) in their classes and those who do not. We devised a framework for the analysis of problem transformations and types of teacher-generated problems. We introduce distinctions between static and dynamic transformations of geometry problems. By observing differences in the transformations the teachers made and the types of problems they produced, we suggest that teachers who use DGE in their classes develop a better understanding of geometry investigation tasks and have no difficulty in transforming proof problems into investigation discovery problems through teaching. Furthermore, we suggest that working with DGE leads to more changes in the givens of the problems and to more dynamic transformations of a problem. From the differences we found in relation to the various problems used in this study, we conclude that problem transformations are problem dependent. Finally, we argue that problem transformation is teachable but requires special training.     

“问题式”文学作品阅读教学设计浅论

“问题式”文学作品阅读教学设计是指通过提出文学作品中值得探讨的问题,进而设计解决这些问题的方法、试行解决这些问题、评价试行的结果并在评价基础上改进设计的一个系统过程。要利用“问题”来组织文学作品阅读教学,首先就是要设计文学作品阅读教学的目标或者说提出要解决的问题。将提的问题分成事实性问题、经验性问题、评价性问题和创造性问题四类,并给出了提这四类问题（特别是前三类）的层次和角度。问题解决就是在面对问题情境而没有现成的方法可以利用时,指向于将已知情境转化为目标情境的认知过程。现代认知心理学把问题解决过程分解为问题的表征、设计解题计划、执行计划和监控四个过程。文中对四类问题的袁征和解决提出了一些思路和建议。     

用动态规划法和贪心法解决背包问题

0-1背包问题和背包问题是一类经典的NP困难问题。采用动态规划法和贪心法对该问题进行求解,分析和比较这两种算法在求解同一问题时的差异。     

Inquiring into the Nature of STEM Problems

Around the world, there is a growing interest in integrated STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) education. Many of the calls for integrated STEM emphasize the need for students to engage with complex STEM problems that cut across multiple fields. Yet there is a need to clarify the nature of those problems and differentiate STEM problems from those of different kinds. This conceptual work examines the nature of STEM problems in order to inform pre-college educational efforts in STEM. A typology is introduced that situates STEM problems within a broader space of problems within STEM and non-STEM fields, and the characteristics of STEM problems are described. The typology and characteristics are then applied to different approaches to STEM instruction. A key conclusion is that many integrated STEM education efforts tend to focus on STEM problems that are narrowly framed and that do not include attention to social, cultural, political, or ethical dimensions. However, alternative instructional approaches exist that re-introduce those missing dimensions. If STEM education is to prepare students to grapple with complex problems in the real world, then more attention ought to be given to approaches that are inclusive of the non-STEM dimensions that exist in those problems.

     

Gender and culture: Reported problems,coping strategies and selected helpers of male and female adolescents in 17 countries

This is the second report of a multinational project undertaken in 1988 by the International Round Table for the Advancement of Counseling that sought, among other things, to compare and contrast the reported problems, coping strategies, and help-seeking behavior of 2129 male and 2307 female adolescents from a total of three different socioeconomic backgrounds in each of 16 countries (Australia, Brazil, Canada, Greece, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan Kuwait, the Netherlands, the Philippines, China, Puerto Rico, Turkey, the US, and Venezuela) and from a "classless" background in Russia. The first report described the study and research methodology and cited preliminary findings that 1) problems and coping strategies tended to be universal and age-related; 2) impoverished subjects from Brazil, India, the Philippines, and Venezuela had more problems than any other adolescents; 3) problems were usually related to school, family, and identity rather than to sexuality; and 4) the most common coping strategy was individual problem-solving. This report compares male/female identification of up to three problems that cause worry, response to such problems, and help-seeking behavior. All adolescents cited problems in school, identity, and family. Males and females reported similar coping strategies and showed a strong dependence on individual coping strategies. Both males and females choose personal friends and family members as those most likely to help with problems. Males exhibited a higher percentage of problems related to school and a lower percentage of family problems. Russian adolescents reported more problems relating to altruism than any other group, especially males. These results imply that strong similarities exist for males and females, and the findings are worrisome in that problems related to sexuality were not cited. Counselors should expect the concerns of adolescents to be developmentally related and to overwhelm gender differences.     

Friendship similarities in internalizing problems in early childhood

A key factor identified in friendship formation and stability is similarity. Homophily of externalizing problems has been reported frequently, but less attention has been directed at homophily of internalizing problems. Whether young children who are friends resemble each other in their internalizing problems is thus largely unknown. In order to increase understanding of the social risk factors implicated in the etiology of internalizing problems, it is important to establish whether internalizing problems cluster in friendships. The present study examines homophily of internalizing problems while controlling for externalizing problems in a sample of children aged 4–8.