教师心理弹性与心理健康——一个充满活力的新领域

教师作为儿童的重要示范者,人类灵魂的塑造师,教师的心理健康对学生的发展起着非常重要的作用,然而面对巨大的工作和社会压力,教师如何对自我进行心理调节,保持良好的心理健康状态?文章利用文献搜索,分析了心理弹性的概念、特征、与相关因素,及其在教师心理领域的延伸,包括弹性教师的特征、心理弹性对教师心理健康的影响等,明确界定了弹性教师的概念,并对弹性教师具备的特征进行了详细的描述。     

心理弹性研究的基本共识及其对青少年发展的启示

在关于逆境、危机对青少年发展的影响的研究中,心理弹性的概念及其相关理论越来越多地被提及。以往心理弹性研究的成果表明,心理弹性研究达成了以下基本共识:心理弹性不是少数儿童的专利,心理弹性的影响因素众多且相互之间的关系复杂,需要从个体的角度转变为从系统的角度研究儿童心理弹性的发展。这些研究共识对青少年发展的启示是:积极主动地应对所有青少年发展中的风险,加强青少年发展的各种促进因素的开发以及将青少年心理弹性的干预延伸至家庭。     

留守儿童心理弹性发展及影响因素分析——基于冀北农村地区小学3～6年级学生的调查研究

在教育公平背景下,留守儿童作为社会公认的弱势群体,其成长和发展应得到进一步关注.随着积极心理学理念的推广,个体心理弹性的发展越发得到重视,作为一种促使个体在压力和逆境时使自己更好地适应和发展的能力,心理弹性的发展与留守儿童的成长是相适切的.通过自编问卷和留守儿童心理弹性调查问卷对951名3～6年级农村小学儿童的心理弹性发展状况进行调查,比较留守与非留守儿童心理弹性发展的差异,并在留守儿童群体内部探究其心理弹性发展的影响因素,以期能为留守儿童的健康成长和长远发展提供意见和建议.     

留守儿童心理弹性发展及影响因素分析——基于冀北农村地区小学3～6年级学生的调查研究

在教育公平背景下,留守儿童作为社会公认的弱势群体,其成长和发展应得到进一步关注.随着积极心理学理念的推广,个体心理弹性的发展越发得到重视,作为一种促使个体在压力和逆境时使自己更好地适应和发展的能力,心理弹性的发展与留守儿童的成长是相适切的.通过自编问卷和留守儿童心理弹性调查问卷对951名3～6年级农村小学儿童的心理弹性发展状况进行调查,比较留守与非留守儿童心理弹性发展的差异,并在留守儿童群体内部探究其心理弹性发展的影响因素,以期能为留守儿童的健康成长和长远发展提供意见和建议.     

青少年心理弹性的特点及干预策略研究

心理弹性是从积极心理学的角度看待压力／逆境中个体的发展,强调个体在不利环境的积极适应。心理弹性对青少年的学业成绩以及健康发展有重要影响。以干预促成心理弹性是心理弹性研究的重点。研究者们总结了心理弹性者的一些心理特点和环境因素,在此基础上提出有针对性的干预措施,对提高青少年的心理弹性具有重要意义。     

留守儿童心理弹性与注意稳定性的关系:认知重评的中介作用

为探讨留守儿童心理弹性与注意稳定性的关系,并考察认知重评在其中的中介作用,随机选取75名小学中高年级留守儿童作为研究对象,采用青少年心理弹性量表、儿童青少年版情绪调节问卷和数字划消测验分别对留守儿童的心理弹性、认知重评及注意稳定性三个变量进行测量。结果表明:小学中高年级留守儿童的心理弹性、认知重评、注意稳定性两两之间存在显著的正相关;认知重评在心理弹性和注意稳定性的关系之间起部分中介作用。由此可知,小学中高年级留守儿童的心理弹性和认知重评对注意稳定性具有重要影响,可以通过提升其心理弹性和认知重评策略的使用来实现对留守儿童注意稳定性的促进和干预。     

不同弹性受心理虐待儿童的社会关系认知

该研究结合问卷法和实验法,探讨不同弹性受心理虐待儿童的社会关系认知特点。研究从611名四至六年级儿童中筛选出290名受心理虐待的被试,采用组间设计对受心理虐待弹性组和缺乏弹性组的儿童进行单类内隐联想测验,探讨在心理虐待处境下两组儿童对父母内隐态度的差异,通过假设情境法等考察受心理虐待儿童对师生、同伴关系的认知。结果表明:(1)受心理虐待弹性儿童对亲子关系的内隐态度比缺乏心理弹性的儿童更为积极;(2)受心理虐待弹性儿童在三类社会关系背景下情感维度的认可度均高于缺乏弹性组儿童;在不同假设情境下,心理虐待弹性儿童比缺乏弹性儿童更倾向于向老师、同学或朋友倾诉自己的遭遇,或请求帮助;(3)积极的师生、同伴关系和支持寻求与受心理虐待儿童心理弹性的发展存在显著正相关,同伴关系和支持寻求能有效预测心理虐待儿童心理弹性的发展。     

农村中学教师心理弹性的特点及影响因素研究

心理弹性是个体在身陷困难和险境时自我恢复和发展的能力,是衡量心理耐受力的重要指标。文章旨在分析农村中学教师心理弹性的特点以及影响的主要因素,探讨农村教师科学应对各种压力和挑战应该具备的基本能力,进而更好地了解乡村教师、服务基层教育。     

优势视角下处境不利儿童心理弹性的社会动力模型

当个体在面对危机和不利处境时,其潜质会被激发和唤醒,生成一种应对困难的精神物质力量,即心理弹性。随着生物学、脑科学和统计学的发展,围绕心理弹性“源”、“流”和“驱动”的多元动力研究兴起。近年来,优势视角开始指导心理弹性研究。相关研究表明,从优势视角出发的个体拥有一种在逆境中看到希望的能力,并为最终实现目标而坚持不懈。心理弹性激发与培育的内在机理可以看成环境的“挑战性”与自我的“心理弹性”两种向度相交融的四种情形,其结构维度可分为外部支持因素、内在优势因素和效能因素。社会支持系统是影响心理弹性的重要因素,社会认知、社会心态、社会文化与社会沟通是其主成分和驱动力,处境不利儿童能借助社会支持系统而更具耐受性。据此,从优势视角理论出发,针对处境不利儿童的心理弹性结构维度与以社会支持网络为基础的实践的有效融合、心理弹性理论研究与临床实践的有机结合等多元动力研究是未来值得关注的新趋向。     

我国儿童心理弹性研究的回顾与展望

儿童心理弹性发展在西方国家日益成为备受关注的研究领域之一,而我国的相关研究直到2000年左右才开始进行。其概念界定及中文译法存在的差异,留守儿童、流动儿童以及经历地震灾难儿童,成为国内此领域的主要研究对象。在引进国外相关研究工具的基础上,许多学者也开发了具有本土特色的量表。个体、家庭以及家庭外因素是影响我国儿童心理弹性发展的主要因素,而关于儿童心理弹性的干预还没有形成系统。未来要加强概念界定、研究方法、研究内容、理论建构、本土化研究以及干预模式建构等方面的研究。     

教师心理韧性的结构与影响因素研究

以北京市455名中小学教师为样本,考察了中小学教师心理韧性的结构与影响因素。结果表明：中小学教师的心理韧性包含三个成份,即对教与学的热爱与奉献、教师自我效能感、工作满足感与乐观,能够比较好地验证教师心理韧性的结构;教师与同事、家长及学生之间的信任关系、学校领导的支持与教龄对教师心理韧性具有显著的正向预测作用,工作负荷对教师心理韧性存在显著的负向预测作用。     

“Don’t sweat the small stuff:” Understanding teacher resilience at the chalkface

This study investigates how graduating and early career teachers perceive resilient teachers. Informed by survey data from 200 graduating and early career teachers, the study’s results indicate that graduating and early career teachers perceive that resilience for teachers comprises characteristics that are multi-dimensional and overlapping, and that views of resilience may develop according to teachers’ career stage. To further conceptualise teacher resilience, four possible dimensions of teacher resilience (profession-related, emotional, motivational and social) are suggested and the aspects within these dimensions are described. Some implications of this view of teacher resilience for preservice teacher education and future research are discussed.     

Beginning teacher resilience in remote Australia: a place-based perspective

Enhancing resilience is key to reducing teacher attrition and addressing the challenges of the profession but scant research exists on resilience in regional and remote settings, where there is a shortage of quality, specialist and lead teachers. The aim of this study was to combine ecological and relational perspectives on resilience to examine pre-service and early career teacher resilience in the remote context of central Australia. The findings suggest that beginning teacher resilience in central Australia involves a particular set of enablers and constraints which are characterised by teachers’ capacity to build connections to place, connections as a learner and connections in relationships. A transactional systems model is presented that articulates the dynamism of the resilience processes and offers a way to better understand the ecological interdependencies unique to a particular context and culture. This understanding will enable teachers, initial teacher educators, school leaders and policy makers to better address the challenges facing this profession.     

Pathways to resilience: how drawings reveal pre-service teachers’ core narratives underpinning their future teacher-selves

For this study of teacher-identity, which is part of a larger research project on teacher resilience, preservice teachers were invited to draw “the kind of teacher you hope to become”. In this, our study recognises drawing as a semiotic system of meaning-making and communication. The drawings were examined in terms of the “stories” they told. Using an emergent design approach to the data, drawings were synthesised into categories that were distilled into theme clusters. A hermeneutic reading revealed the core identity narrative underpinning each teacher-identity story. This story was told in sociocultural terms, or constructed around functioning at work or couched in terms of personal validation and achievement. These core identity narratives signal what “matters” to preservice teachers’ sense of their teacher-selves. Since there is an observed correlation between teacher-identity and resilience, knowing what matters is a helpful basis for building resilience.     

Fostering Resilience: A Necessary Skill for Teacher Retention

The goal of this qualitative 2-year study was to examine the resilience building process in four novice secondary science teachers and its link to teacher retention. To achieve the research goal, a resilience framework was established. Three factors were instrumental in creating the framework. The first focused on stressors and protective factors in the lives of novice secondary science teachers and provided direction and goals for the research. Second, a case study was developed for each of the four teachers participating in the research in order to emphasize the detailed analysis of factors linked to resilience. Finally, cross-case analysis was employed to identify similarities and differences and provide insight into issues concerning the resilience process. Results of this study suggest that the interaction between stressors and protective factors acts as a primary force in the resilience process and stimulate responses to help counteract negative effects of resulting stress. Therefore, it can be reasoned that resilience can be fostered in novice teachers as a means to encourage teacher retention.     

Critically re-conceptualising early career teacher resilience

In this paper, we describe how and why we adopted a socially critical orientation to early career teacher resilience. In re-conceptualising early career teacher resilience, we expose the normative components of resilience by revealing the implicit values, beliefs and assumptions that underpin most traditional conceptions of resilience. We argue against the hyper-individualisation of the concept because it leads to a diminution of the influence of situational and structural forces on early career teachers’ experiences, and shifts primary responsibility for early career teacher well-being onto the individual. We lay the groundwork for a critical perspective on teacher resilience capable of illuminating the ‘problems’ of early career teachers within a broader social, cultural and political context. Our analysis is designed to promote further debate about new ways of seeing early career teacher resilience with the aim of creating and sustaining a spirit of optimism and human agency, as well as a sense of health and well-being among early career teachers.     

‘I’m coming back again!’ The resilience process of early career teachers

Early career teachers face a range of challenges in their first years of teaching and how these challenges are managed as career implications. Based on current literature, this paper presents a model of early career teacher resilience where resilience is seen as a process located at the interface of personal and contextual challenges and resources. Through a semi-structured interview the challenges faced by 13 Australian early career teachers and the resources available to manage these challenges are examined. Findings show that beginning teachers experience multiple, varied and ongoing challenges and that personal and contextual resources are both important in sustaining them through the beginning year(s) of their teaching careers. The study emphasises the critical roles played by family and friends and the importance of relationships in the resilience process. Implications for future research and teacher education are discussed.     

Considering ‘teacher resilience’ from critical discourse and labour process theory perspectives

This article considers the construct of ‘teacher resilience’ from critical discourse and labour process perspectives in order to cast new light on what has been traditionally viewed from a psychological perspective. In this respect, the construct of resilience is placed in the broad political landscape of teachers’ work and the labour process of teaching, within a neoliberal globalised economic paradigm. Importantly, this article argues that any conceptualisations of teacher resilience should be critically appraised and not simply ‘taken for granted’. While the concept of developing ‘teacher resilience’ as a means, for example, of addressing alarmingly high rates of early career teacher attrition may sound like a good idea, it is important to consider the way such constructs can be used to shape and potentially control teacher identity and the nature of teachers’ work.     

Demystifying and sustaining the resilience of teacher educators: the perspectives of Teaching–Research Officers in China

Asia Pacific Education Review - Responding to increased global research interest in teacher educators’ professional lives, this study explores the resilience of Teaching–Research...     

中职学校教师职业韧性价值及提升策略

教师职业韧性是中职学校教师个人在教育逆境中形成、发展和表现出来的克服工作压力和挫折、解决教育障碍的心理特征.职业韧性能为中职学校教师管理和教育学生提供有力支持,同时也是其克服职业倦怠的必要条件.依据职业韧性形成的过程,中职学校应将职业韧性培训与教师自身工作和发展实践紧密结合,做好教师职业韧性的培训工作.