试论完形填空的效度和信度

评价一次考试质量高低的标准包括考试的效度、信度、难度、区分长、可行性和对教学的反馈作用，其中最重要的是效度、信度和可行性。研究表明，完形填空是测试学生总体语言能力与阅读能力的一种经济而有效的方法。     

谈信度、效度与学业测试

信度与效度是学业测试的两个质量特征,如何处理两者之间的关系也是测试的根本问题。在介绍信度和效度的定义、关系的基础上,对学业测试中的信度与效度进行分析,并且阐述如何平衡两者之间的关系。最终证明学业测试是一种有效的测量手段,并且必将提高教学质量。     

The Construction,Reliability and Validity of a Stress Inventory for Children

A universally acceptable definition of stress has so far remained elusive (e.g. McMichael, 1978; Rutter, 1981), though a widely accepted, general definition is that of McGrath (1970), who suggested that stress is “a (perceived) substantial imbalance between demand and response capability, under conditions where failure to meet demand has important (perceived) consequences” (p. 20). In his definition of occupational stress, Kyriacou (1980, p. 3) referred to “the experience... of unpleasant emotions, such as tension, anxiety, anger or depression”.

Evidence of stress among sixth formers and older students (e.g. Dobson, 1980; Dobson & Alban Metcalfe, 1982) is consistent with the suggestion that it is multidimensional in nature, and not exclusively related to examination pressures. The relatively sparse evidence concerning stress in children suggests that life events such as admission to hospital, birth of a sib, or parental divorce, may be associated with subsequent conditions requiring medical or psychiatric treatment (e.g. Rutter, 1981).

The research reported here was concerned with determining sources of perceived stress among 13‐year‐old boys and girls attending ‘normal’ schools, and the reliability and validity of an inventory designed to measure such stress.     

情景面试:特征、信效度及应用

情景面试是一种较新的面试方法,它可以提高面试的信效度,对人才进行较为准确的评价,应用前景广阔。     

The Development and Evaluation of Procedures to Assess Child Self-report Item Validity

Cognitive pretesting (CP) is an interview methodology for pretesting the validity of items during the development of self-report instruments. The present research evaluates a systematic approach to the analysis of CP data. Materials and procedures were developed to rate self-report item performance with CP interview text data. Five raters were trained in the application of that system. Estimates of inter-rater reliability found acceptable to substantial levels of inter-rater agreement. Results from the present study suggest that excellent inter-rater reliability can be achieved in the evaluation of CP data. Guidelines for systematically rating the qualitative data collected using CP methods are provided. Future research should focus on empirical demonstrations of how such rating procedures can lead to improvements in self-report instruments.     

试析大学英语口语考试的效度和信度

从大学英语口语考试的考试形式、信息输入及评分标准等方面分析了其效度和信度,并对其潜在问题提出了一些建议。     

笔迹分析在人才素质测评领域的研究述评

笔迹分析是以笔迹学、笔迹心理学为基础的新兴学科。过去研究表明,笔迹与个体人格特征有一定的联系,其科学性得到了普遍的肯定。所以笔迹分析已经进入很多人才素质测评领域,成为了常规测评人才素质的手段。但是笔迹分析的信度、效度问题一直是学术界争议的话题。研究者应从科学的角度出发,发展和完善笔迹心理学,让笔迹分析有更坚实的理论基础。从而为人才素质测评提供有利的手段和依据。     

职业技能鉴定的信度和效度研究——以某学院学生参加中级推销员鉴定考试为例

大力发展职业教育,是推进我国工业化、现代化的迫切需要,是促进社会就业和解决“三农”问题的重要途径,也是完善现代国民教育体系的必然要求。本专题力图对职业教育的历史演变、未来展望、师资建设以及职业技能鉴定等方面进行探析,期望引发读者思考。     

职业院校学生SCL-90信度、效度检验与常模建立

以全国36所中高等职业院校的3342名学生为被试，采用SCL-90进行心理健康测量。结果表明，SCL-90在职业院校学生这一群体中具有良好的信度与效度。鉴于此，建立了职业院校学生从15～21岁的SCL-90常模，以期对职业院校学生开展心理健康教育有所裨益。     

Handwriting Skills in Children with Spina Bifida: Assessment, Monitoring and Measurement

The authors describe a handwriting programme conducted with handicapped pupils and illustrate it by three case studies. Julie Hancock teaches at Glossop Green Middle School, Crawley; Jean Alston is senior lecturer in special education, Crewe and Alsager College of Higher Education.     

中学生生活技能量表的编制和信效度检验

编制中学生生活技能量表,并检测其信度和效度。方法:用量表评估初高中四个班学生211人,分析量表的信效度。结果:①新编量表有较好的信效度。②我国中学生生活技能水平总体较低。结论:①该量表有较满意的心理测量指标。②需要在我国中学生中开展系统的学校生活技能教育。     

英语语言测试的信度与效度

测试是语言教学的重要环节,而信度和效度则是语言测试领域中的两个基本概念。本文介绍了信度和效度的定义、测量方法、影响因素等,并在分析英语语言测试法的基础上回顾了信度与效度的发展,得出语言测试只有在保证其质量的前提下,才能成为有效的测量手段的结论。     

社会支配取向量表在中国的信度和效度研究

本研究尝试修订西方的社会支配取向量表。359名大学本科生参与了研究。结果表明,社会支配取向量表修订后包含14个项目,量表具有较好的内部一致性、重测信度和一定的预测效度;中国被试社会支配取向得分普遍比西方的高;中文修订量表不同于西方的单因素或者双因素结构,它包括4个因素,即“反对群体平等”、“赞同优势群体的支配性”、“赞同劣势群体的较低地位”、“赞同维持等级差异”。     

信度分析和效度分析在毕业生追踪调查中的应用

毕业生追踪调查利用三个量表问卷从不同方面了解用人单位和毕业生对开放教育质量的评价意见。调查结果不仅是我们科学认识试点项目改革成果的重要依据,也是对开放教育进行深入研究的第一手材料。只有调查工具即问卷的信度和效度在研究范围可接受时,才可以认为调查结果是客观的,才能保证统计分析结果的可靠性和准确性。在进行数据统计分析之前,先对问卷的结构设计进行信度分析和效度分析是十分必要的。     

马基雅维利主义人格量表的信、效度分析

为考察马基雅维利主义人格量表(MPS)在大学生群体中的适用性,以481名武汉市大学生为被试,对 MPS 进行因素分析和效、信度检验,结果显示:(1)项目分析后保留16个项目,探索性因素分析抽取4个因素,各因子及项目归属与原问卷一致,4个因子可解释总变异的52.064%.(2)验证性因素分析显示4因素模型拟合良好;MPS 总分与各因子和人格特质、操纵策略相关显著.(3)内部一致性信度为0.727-0.831,重测信度为0.715-0.837.据此认为:MPS 中文版信、效度良好     

The Reliability,Validity and Evaluation of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination in Podiatry (Chiropody)

The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), initially developed for use in undergraduate medical training, has been adapted for use for the assessment of clinical skills in podiatry (chiropody) students. The introduction of this system of examination was accompanied by a 12‐month evaluation programme where issues of validity, repeatability, and stability of student performance over time were considered. The evaluation programme revealed relatively low levels of repeatability, high levels of construct and criterion validity, and good stability, of performance over time. Participating students were also surveyed for their level of acceptance of this format of clinical examination. Students demonstrated an overwhelming acceptance and support of the OSCE.