数学学习困难学生数学技能干预效果的元分析

探索干预对提升数学学习困难学生数学学业表现的有效性及其调节因素.通过系统检索文献获得纳入符合标准的30篇文献,应用CMA2.0软件进行元分析,并检验被试特征、干预方案、干预目标、干预方法的调节效应.随机效应模型表明数学干预对数困生数学表现的合并效应量Hedges'g为0.438(p＜0.001),对数困生干预效果呈中等...     

Dyscalculia ≠ maths difficulties. An analysis of conflicting positions at a time that calls for inclusive practices

Using Bourdieu’s notion of field, the Scandinavian field of maths pedagogy occurs at a time characterised by increasing inclusion efforts in primary school. Various stakeholders in maths pedagogy are arguing about what should be done about pupils who perform poorly in mathematics and what causes their difficulties. Four analytical positions are presented here: the diagnostic, the structural, the interventionist and the complementary. The literature examined includes academic articles on math pedagogy and scholarly journals for maths teachers from the period 1995–2014. A total of 103 articles were analysed. The results show that a context-oriented rationale dominates, but that a less prevalent, competing rationale emphasising individual causal explanations, is also present. I argue that the structure of the field is changing because of external influences that may affect the organisation of support for poorly performing pupils.     

2-4年级数学困难与普通儿童数量估计能力的比较

选取二、三、四年级数学学习困难和数学学习正常的儿童共84名。采用数字线估计任务考察两类儿童数量估计能力的发展特点及差异。结果表明:(1)二年级儿童完成数字线估计任务的精确性显著低于其他两个年龄组;(2)数学困难儿童完成数字线估计任务的精确性显著低于普通儿童;(3)二年级数学困难儿童完成数字线估计任务时采用指数和线性函数进行表征,而其他年龄组儿童均采用线性表征形式。     

Tools or crutches? Apparatus as a sense‐making aid in mathematics teaching with children with moderate learning difficulties

This paper challenges a view of concrete materials as artifacts used within a rigid instructional sequence that particular children are perceived to require or not, as the case may be. Focussing on mathematics teaching, it contends that it is more useful to consider the function of these materials as tools, artefacts used flexibly and selectively by pupils to make sense of mathematics, rather than as crutches, devices which may support procedural competency in mathematics but with no guarantees of understanding.     

近二十年我国中小学数学教育实验研究元分析

教育实验研究作为一种比较专业的研究方法,是探索教育理论与实践有机结合的有效途径.元分析是对某一教育研究领域或具有某一特征的各项单个教育实验或其它经验性教育研究的成果的计量整合.运用元分析方法对我国中小学数学教育实验的各项指标进行研究,可以了解我国教育实验研究的发展状况,能够进一步促进教育实验研究朝着规范化方向发展.     

Does Evidence-Based Fractions Intervention Address the Needs of Very Low-Performing Students?

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this set of analyses, conducted on a randomized control trial examining the effects of a fourth-grade fraction intervention, was to assess the initial academic deficit severity hypothesis. With this hypothesis, at-risk students with more severe initial academic deficits are expected to profit less from intervention than do students with less severe initial academic deficits. Moderation analyses indicated that students with varying degrees of initial academic deficits benefited comparably from the intervention, such that effect sizes comparing intervention against control students were similar across the range of initial academic deficits. In a similar way, across the range of initial academic deficits, intervention students' posttest (spring) calculation performance was normalized (one standard error of measurement above the 25th percentile of a not-at-risk normative group's spring performance). On the most distal fractions outcome, however, normalized performance was achieved for intervention students with less severe initial academic deficits. Findings are discussed in terms of methods for judging intervention efficacy and for making individual decisions about when students should exit intervention.     

Effects of reading picture books on kindergartners’ mathematics performance

This article describes a field experiment with a pretest–posttest control group design which investigated the potential of reading picture books to children for supporting their mathematical understanding. The study involved 384 children from 18 kindergarten classes in 18 schools in the Netherlands. During three months, the children in the nine experimental classes were read picture books. Data analysis revealed that, when controlled for relevant covariates, the picture book reading programme had a positive effect (d = .13) on kindergartners’ mathematics performance as measured by a project test containing items on number, measurement and geometry. Compared to the increase from pretest to posttest in the control group, the increase in the experimental group was 22% larger. No significant differential intervention effects were found between subgroups based on kindergarten year, age, home language, socio-economic status and mathematics and language ability, but a significant intervention effect was found for girls and not for boys.     

FOCUS ON PRACTICE: Teacher nomination of ‘mathematically gifted children with specific learning difficulties’ at three state schools in Jordan

In this article, Anies Al‐Hroub, assistant professor of educational psychology and special educational needs at the American University of Beirut in Lebanon, and David Whitebread, senior lecturer in psychology and education in the University of Cambridge Faculty of Education, discuss the identification, by teachers, of children who are gifted in mathematics and who also experience reading difficulties or specific learning difficulties. The findings reported here are based on research carried out in three state schools in Jordan, and reveal the extent to which teachers accurately nominated the ‘dual‐exceptional’ children studying in their classes. The paper reviews the issues and evidence relating to teacher nomination of these children and examines the quality of teacher nominations by comparing them with identification procedures using psychological and dynamic testing. Anies Al‐Hroub and David Whitebread reveal that the accuracy of the teacher nominations recorded in their research was highly variable and explore a series of factors influencing the processes of teacher nomination. They argue that teacher nomination is an essential first element in the identification process and can be easily improved. The authors call for professional development for teachers in order to raise awareness and to enable them to provide support for children with complex special educational needs more effectively.     

The effects of the Primary Movement programme on the academic performance of children attending ordinary primary school

The present study investigated the prevalence of a primary reflex (the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex) in children attending ordinary primary school and how this related to attainments in a number of academic areas. The effectiveness of a specific movement intervention programme in reducing primary reflex persistence and improving academic attainment was also evaluated.
A comparative study of the progress of 683 children over a two-year period from Years 3 and 5, who completed an intervention programme known as Primary Movement, was carried out using the relative attainments of children at the same schools and standardised scores as baseline and follow-up measures. A second, quasi-experimental study followed the progress of four parallel groups in each of two large schools with the experimental side completing the movement intervention programme while the other side acted as the control.
It was found that ATNR persistence was significantly associated with level of attainments in reading, spelling and mathematics and that boys were more at risk than girls for ATNR persistence. In both studies, it was found that the movement intervention programme had a very significant impact on reducing the levels of ATNR persistence in children and that this was associated with very significant improvements in reading and mathematics, in particular.
This research provides further evidence of a link between the attainment of core educational skills and the interference that may result from an underlying developmental deficit. The effectiveness of the intervention programme in reducing ATNR persistence and in increasing academic attainments suggests that this programme could be used to complement other strategies that have been shown to have a positive effect on children's learning.     

Perceptual skills and Arabic literacy patterns for mathematically gifted children with specific learning difficulties

Phonological awareness is a key factor in the development of literacy, and frequently presents itself as an area of weakness in pupils with reading difficulties. In this article, Anies Al-Hroub of the American University of Beirut sets out to define a distinguishing pattern of characteristics that supports the identification of pupils with specific learning difficulties who are gifted in mathematics and reports the assessment of the pupils' visual and auditory perceptual skills, including phonological awareness. The assessments were designed to measure auditory and visual memory skills, auditory and visual analysis skills, speed of information processing and spoken language (receptive and expressive). Furthermore, aspects of language learning such as reading, writing, spelling and parts of listening ability were all assessed for mathematically gifted pupils with specific learning difficulties who scored above the cut-off score of 120 on the WISC-III-Jordan. The article closes with recommendations for further research.     

小学数学学困生转型的战略分析

针对小学生在数学学习中存在的学困问题,父母与老师可以通过共同努力,给小学生在数学学习方面以成就感、幸福感、荣誉感、甜蜜感、满足感以及相应的积极辅导,使小学生能发现数学的奇妙之处,爱上数学。     

高专学生高等数学学习困难原因与对策研究——以山东中医药高等专科学校为例

高等数学是一门注重理论研究的学科,对高专学生来说具有一定的学习困难.从多个角度分析产生学习困难的原因,提出相应的对策.     

高等数学学困生的成因与对策

高等数学学困生是当前我校数学教育对象中的主要群体.文章通过对我校学生学习情况的问卷调查,分析了学困生的形成原因,并提出了数学学困生的教学策略.     

数学学习障碍干预研究的取向及发展走向

目前干预研究成为数学学习障碍研究发展的主要方向。本文介绍了干预的认知、行为、同伴中介及辅助等四种基本研究取向,探讨了干预研究在内容、技术和方法上的发展走向,以推动数学学习障碍儿童干预的理论和实践研究的进一步发展。