Student Counseling Needs

Abstract

Three hundred forty-three students at a small urban northeastern college rated their needs for counseling assistance on fifty-three personal, learning and career issues. Strongest areas of concern included financial stresses, academic perfonriance, career development, relationship skills, bereavement and the fear of getting AIDS. Gender and racial groups are compared and implications for counseling center service delivery are discussed.     

Longitudinal Effects of Teacher and Student Perceptions of Teacher-Student Relationship Qualities on Academic Adjustment

The shared and unique effects of teacher and student reports of teacher student relationship quality (TSRQ) in second and third grade on academic self views, behavioral engagement, and achievement the following year were investigated in a sample of 714 academically at-risk students. Teacher and student reports of teacher-student support and conflict showed low correspondence. As a block, teacher and student reports of TSRQ predicted all outcomes, above prior performance on that outcome and background variables. Student reports uniquely predicted school belonging, perceived academic competence, and math achievement. Teacher reports uniquely predicted behavioral engagement and child perceived academic competence. Teacher and student reports of the teacher-student relationship assess largely different constructs that predict different outcomes. Implications of findings for practice and research are discussed.     

Effectiveness of the Student Success Course on Persistence,Retention, Academic Achievement,and Student Engagement

ABSTRACT

Despite a great increase in the numbers of students enrolling in higher education, specifically at community colleges, the successful completion rates for these students has remained static since the 1970s. When reviewing strategies to increase student retention and successful completion, the Student Success Course (SSC) has emerged as a promising and prominent strategy for community colleges. Given that, the purpose of this sequential mixed methods study was to determine if participation in a SSC influences persistence, retention, academic achievement, and student engagement on a community college campus. Data were collected from a purposeful sample of 197 SSC participants at a middle sized community college in southeast Texas and compared to a matched sample of 235 non-SSC participants. Twelve former SSC participants were also interviewed in an attempt to build a more empirical understanding of the impact of the SSC on student engagement and, thus, the students’ decisions to remain in college. Results of this study indicate that a relationship exists between participation in the SSC and persistence, retention, academic achievement in English and mathematics, and student engagement. Additionally, participants claim that taking the SSC not only altered their perceptions of the importance of the course, but their social and study skills as well.     

Learning Style,Academic Belief Systems,Self-report Student Proficiency and Academic Achievement in Higher Education

Both learning style and academic belief systems have been identified as significant factors contributing to academic achievement. This paper evaluates the efficacy of teaching and learning in higher education by investigating the relationship between students assessment of their own academic proficiency (in this case Research Methods Proficiency [RMP]), learning style, academic locus of control, academic self-efficacy and academic achievement. First and second year undergraduate students' RMP was measured before and after completing modules in Research Methods. Students also completed measures of approaches to learning, academic self-efficacy and academic locus of control. Academic achievement (module mark) was also recorded. Results showed that perceived proficiency increased after completing the taught modules and that perceived proficiency was positively correlated with academic performance. Level 1 students, taught under the recently modified programme, reported significantly higher perceived proficiency than Level 2 students taught under the previous programme. Perceived proficiency was positively correlated with a strategic learning approach and negatively correlated with a surface learning approach and external locus of control beliefs. Academic achievement was also positively correlated with a strategic learning approach and negatively correlated with an apathetic learning approach. A deep learning approach failed to be associated with either RMP or academic achievement. It is suggested that: (i) these findings confirm, to some degree, the suggestion that there is an emphasis in later education on performance rather than learning (Lyddy, 1998); and (ii) perceived proficiency is a useful evaluation measure and is likely to contribute to effective and productive teaching and learning within higher education.     

大学学术社群与教育改革

随着社会变迁及知识本质的改变,大学中知识的生产、转化、传递也是一种权力的再现与再制,二者间的紧密关系,实际上影响着大学教育的目标、组织与结构、课程与教学。未来大学社群的成员在观念上,应摒弃知识一元化的思维,重新界定与认知知识;在制度方面,必须适度矫正学系过度分化的情形,加强学院合作与整合的能力,让学生能在一种具有协作机制相互观摩学习的学校文化中,获得基础、统整的知识,成为具有通识基础的专才;在课程的改革方面,未来通识课程应以“核心课程”的精神、“多元文化”的观点设计课程,面向多变而又充满创新契机的时代。培养新世纪所需的人才。     

Socioeconomic Disadvantage, Proximal Environmental Experiences, and Socioemotional and Academic Adjustment in Early Adolescence: Investigation of a Mediated Effects Model

This study investigated interrelations among conditions of household socioeconomic disadvantage, proximal environmental experiences, and adaptational outcomes in a sample of 398 middle grade, early adolescents from a predominantly poor, rural area. Findings indicated that levels of disadvantage were related to both socioemotional and academic adjustment, with those from relatively disadvantaged backgrounds faring most poorly. Specifically, youth from homes in which adults were employed in low-income, unskilled occupations were found to have lower levels of school performance and achievement compared to those from homes in which adults were employed in higher paying semi-skilled or skilled/professional occupations. Further, youth from families in which neither parent had graduated from high school exhibited significantly worse socioemotional and academic adjustment than did those whose parents had higher educational levels. Youth who lived in relatively disadvantaged homes also reported more negative experiences of proximal environmental conditions relating to family and school contexts and greater exposure to stressful life events. Most notably, findings provided support for employing an ecological-mediational perspective to understand patterns of linkage between socioeconomic disadvantage and levels of adjustment. Support for this viewpoint included the finding that proximal environmental experiences were significant predictors of adolescent adjustment, independent of shared variance with conditions of household disadvantage, whereas conditions of disadvantage in several instances were no longer related significantly to indices of adjustment once their association with proximal environmental conditions was taken into account. The discussion considers implications for the targeting and scope of ecologically oriented approaches to preventive intervention.     

Student Achievement, Selected Environmental Characteristics, and Neighborhood Type

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of neighborhoods on student achievement. Demographic data gathered from school officials, the results of building-level fourth- and sixth-grade achievement scores (n = 61), and selected data from the 1990 Census of two mid-size urban school districts were analyzed. The analysis showed that the predictive quality of neighborhoods was mostly revealed when sixth-grade achievement scores (n = 53) were isolated. With a multiple correlation of .88 and an adjusted R ² of .76 (p = .009), neighborhood type represented a 3% increase in the prediction with a large effect size (f ²) of .35. Although it would be erroneous to conclude that the target variable is a major correlate of academic achievement, neighborhood type was nonetheless significant as it impacted the older youth in the study. Implications for educators and policymakers are discussed. In addition, an important and significant statistical finding regarding the effect of a suppressor variable was uncovered.     

大学生常见心理挫折及其调适

大学生活丰富而多彩,但并非一帆风顺,许多大学生因不能正确对待和处理自己与自己、自己与他人以及自己与社会的种种关系而产生心理挫折,进而影响到学习、身心健康,并危及到学校、家庭和社会。因此,要树立正确的挫折观,合理利用挫折的心理防御机制,努力使自己健康成长,顺利成材。     

Relationship of Student Grade Expectations,Selected Characteristics,and Academic Performance

Students (N=415) in three academic areas (education, engineering, and business) estimated their final grade in a course at the beginning, middle, and end of a term and completed the 16PF Questionnaire. Results indicated that the Ss initial grade estimate was most accurate. No differences were found between high (A, B) and low (C, D, F) achieving Ss. Ss with high academic averages underestimated, and Ss with low averages overestimated grades. Overestimating education Ss were less intelligent than underestimators and less assertive and mature than accurate and overestimating Ss. Underestimating business Ss were less mature than overestimators and possessed lower self-sentiment than accurate estimators.     

Student Perspectives on Academic Accommodations

The active involvement of secondary school students with high-incidence disabilities (HI) in instructional accommodations is essential to both enacting the accommodations and to the accommodations effectiveness. Very little is known about students with HI’s knowledge about instructional accommodations, experiences with them, or opinions on effective practices. A focus group study was conducted with 10 high school students with HI. A content analysis (Fraenkel & Wallen, 2009) revealed they are unaware of how their accommodations are identified, and that they typically are not directly taught to use them. The students explained how accommodations are usually provided in the classroom, including the ways they signal need, and offered their suggestions for more effective practices, which included responding to fairness and potential embarrassment. Their comments also revealed their beliefs and practices for self-advocating for accommodations.     

亚东图书馆与学界名人

亚东图书馆是民国时期的一家中小出版机构,在中国近代新兴出版业中具有重要地位,许多名人学者都与其有着密切的合作关系。文章通过阐述亚东图书馆与陈独秀、胡适、章士钊等名人学者的交往,分析出版界与名人学者之间的互动关系。     

“学术英语”课程需求分析和教学方法研究

世界上高校的大学英语教学主要是专门用途英语教学,尤其是为学生专业课程服务的学术英语教学。而我国学术英语刚刚起步。通过对复旦大学等四所大学的需求分析,我们发现,在高等教育国际化背景下,学生对学术英语的学习需求是非常迫切的。为此我们从学术英语课程的目的、教材、课堂模式和教学效果等方面进行案例分析,试图提出一个适合我国高校、可从新生就开始学习的学术英语教学模式和方法。