Studying for the sake of others: the role of social goals on academic engagement

Much of the research on achievement goal theory has focused on the roles of mastery and performance goals in academic engagement, thus the role of other goals such as social goals has mostly been neglected. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of different kinds of social goals (affiliation, approval, concern, responsibility and status goals) on the different facets of academic engagement. A total of 1147 Filipino secondary school students answered questionnaires assessing their social goals, achievement goals and academic engagement. Hierarchical regression analyses were employed to investigate the effects of social goals on academic engagement after controlling the effects of mastery and performance goals. Results indicate that certain kinds of social goals are also important predictors of academic engagement. We recommend that researchers consider investigating social goals that might be more salient in cross-cultural settings instead of focusing exclusively on mastery and performance goals.     

Raymond: A Case Study Illustrative of the Diagnostic Limitations of a Quantitative Score

ABSTRACT

The author attempted to explore potential antecedents of achievement goals and relations of teacher and parental autonomy support versus psychological control to Taiwanese adolescents’ perfectionistic tendencies. A total of 512 eighth-grade students completed self-reported questionnaires assessing variables of interest. Results indicated that perceived autonomy support versus psychological control together with perfectionistic tendencies play a role in predicting Taiwanese adolescents’ achievement goal orientations. In addition, the present findings replicated effects of autonomy-supportive versus controlling social environment consistently found in Western cultures. The author also documented profiles of adolescents with different perfectionistic tendencies. Adaptive perfectionists reported higher levels of teachers’ autonomy support and lower levels of parental psychological control than did maladaptive perfectionists. Also, adaptive perfectionists were more likely to adopt approach-oriented goals.     

成就目标、自我效能、学习策略和学业成就的关系研究

对545名中学生进行测量，以探讨成就目标、自我效能、学习策略与学业成绩的关系。结果表明：掌握目标、成绩目标与自我效能、学习策略有显著的正相关，回避目标与自我效能、学习策略存在显著的负相关，自我效能与学习策略有显著的正相关；掌握目标、自我效能和学习策略与学业成绩有显著的正相关，而回避目标与学业成绩则有显著的负相关；学习策略直接影响学业成绩，成就目标和自我效能对学业成绩的影响是间接的。     

家庭第一代大学生的读研经历研究

本研究基于一所研究型大学2020届硕士毕业生的就学体验数据，全面比较了家庭第一代与非第 一代大学生的硕士入学背景、过程与收获。结果发现：第一代大学生的硕士入学背景较非第一代大学生而 言存在明显劣势；进入硕士教育阶段后，相对匮乏的家庭文化资本未给第一代大学生参与本土及本土国际 化教育活动带来明显阻碍，但他们在海外学习等家庭资源驱动型活动上的参与度显著低于非第一代大学 生。硕士毕业之际，两类学生的课程收获、科研收获、深造机会及工作-专业匹配度趋同，但家庭第一代大学 生在全球胜任力和一线城市就业机会方面仍处于不利地位。     

初中生感恩、学习投入与学业成就的关系研究

使用青少年感恩量表、学习投入量表对邯郸市189名初中生进行了问卷调查,分析初中生感恩、学习投入和学业成就三者之间的关系.结果显示:感恩、学习投入与学业成就存在显著正相关,并且感恩与学习投入能够显著正向预测学业成就;学习投入在感恩与学业成就之间存在中介效应.     

Using Assessment Metadata to Quantify the Impact of Test Disengagement on Estimates of Educational Effectiveness

Abstract

Educational stakeholders have long known that students might not be fully engaged when taking an achievement test and that such disengagement could undermine the inferences drawn from observed scores. Thanks to the growing prevalence of computer-based tests and the new forms of metadata they produce, researchers have developed and validated procedures for using item response times to identify responses to items that are likely disengaged. In this study, we examine the impact of two techniques to account for test disengagement—(a) removing unengaged test takers from the sample and (b) adjusting test scores to remove rapidly guessed items—on estimates of school contributions to student growth, achievement gaps, and summer learning loss. Our results indicate that removing disengaged examinees from the sample will likely induce bias in the estimates, although as a whole accounting for disengagement had minimal impact on the metrics we examined. Last, we provide guidance for policy makers and evaluators on how to account for disengagement in their own work and consider the promise and limitations of using achievement test metadata for related purposes.     

一道自主招生试题的拓展与研究

上海交通大学2009年自主招生考试数学试题中的第四题为: 求有限集A=｛a1,a2,…,an｝(n≥2),其中,a1,a2,…,an为互不相等的正整数,使得 a1a2…an=a1+a2+…+an. 本文对这一问题进行探讨,并进一步对问题加以拓展和研究.     

Mediating effect of goal adjustment on the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and academic burnout

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism, goal adjustment, and academic burnout. A total of 279 undergraduate students completed an online survey. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the mediating effect of goal adjustment on the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and academic burnout. The results showed that socially prescribed perfectionism was unrelated to goal disengagement; however, goal reengagement mediated the positive relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and academic burnout. In other words, higher levels of socially prescribed perfectionism predicted lower levels of goal reengagement; conversely, lower levels of goal reengagement predicted higher levels of academic burnout. The implications of these findings and the limitations of the present study are discussed.     

Student engagement as a mediator of the effects of socio-economic status on academic performance among secondary school students in Australia

In this article, we contribute to understanding of the mechanisms through which students’ socio-economic family background can translate into academic performance by focusing on the concept of student engagement. Drawing on theoretical perspectives from disciplines across the social sciences, and a major nationally representative dataset from Australia, which links survey responses with administrative records on school performance, we conduct a series of multiple regression models to investigate the mediating role of student engagement on the relationship between students’ socio-economic status (SES) and academic achievement. We find that, first, low-SES students show lower levels of engagement than other students, particularly in terms of behavioural and cognitive aspects; they also have lower achievement levels as measured by standardised test scores. We further find that lower engagement is associated with lower achievement levels, and that the effects of SES on achievement are partially mediated through student engagement. Although there are clearly other mechanisms in place that operate at the same time, it is important to focus on student engagement since it can be directly influenced by teachers and school leaders, as well as curriculum choices and school resources. This makes it a ripe target for government policies aimed at improving educational outcomes for students from low-SES families, compared with approaches targeting the influences of family environment or peer groups.     

Unifying different theories of learning: theoretical framework and empirical evidence

The main aim of this research study was to test out a conceptual model encompassing the theoretical frameworks of achievement goals, study processing strategies, effort, and reflective thinking practice. In particular, it was postulated that the causal influences of achievement goals on academic performance are direct and indirect through study strategies, effort, and reflective thinking. Furthermore, the effects of study strategies on academic performance are hypothesised to be direct and indirect through reflective thinking practice. Participants were 298 (182 females, 116 males) university students. Likert‐response questionnaires were used and data were analysed by means of latent variables approaches. The results provided moderate support for the hypothesised conceptual model. Achievement goals had no direct effects on academic performance, whereas study strategies and reflective thinking directly influenced performance. Mastery goals directly influenced deep processing and effort, whereas performance avoidance and work avoidance influenced surface processing and effort. A one‐way MANOVA indicated, with the exception of understanding, no statistical significance between males and females in the variables. This evidence is theoretically significant as it highlights the mediating mechanism of study strategies and reflective thinking and, more importantly, amalgamates different theoretical frameworks within one study.     

A path analysis of basic need support,self-efficacy,achievement goals,life satisfaction and academic achievement level among secondary school students

Teachers’ support of basic psychological needs, self-efficacy, achievement goals, life satisfaction and academic achievement level was measured in a sample of 240 secondary school students (8th and 10th grades). Correlation analysis showed significant positive relations between all of the variables, except for the relation between need support of competence and performance goals. A subsequent path analysis showed that these variables could be accounted for by a structural model that described basic need support as predictors of self-efficacy and achievement goals, which in turn predicted academic achievement level and perceived life satisfaction. Analysis of intra-class correlation and design effect showed that need support of relatedness also was accounted for by class level responses. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed in terms of the importance of basic need support as a predictor of personal motives in educational settings as well as the students adjustment to school and life.     

Attributional beliefs of Singapore students: relations to self-construal,competence and achievement goals

This study investigates attributional beliefs of Singapore secondary students in their English study and how they can be predicted by self-construal, competence and achievement goals. A total of 1,496 students were administered surveys on seven attributions, independent and interdependent self-construals, previous achievement, self-efficacy, mastery approach and avoidance goals and performance approach and avoidance goals. We found that Singapore students attributed academic success mainly to internal regulation (effort, interest and study skills), followed by teachers’ help, ability, parents’ help and tuition classes. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that three predictors (self-construal, competence and achievement goals) explained 4.2–12.3% of the variances in students’ attributional beliefs. In particular, students with interdependent self-construal, high competence or mastery goals tended to attribute academic success to internal regulation (effort, interest and study skills) and support from teachers and parents. Students with low competence, high mastery avoidance goals or high performance goals were more likely to value tuition classes, and those with high performance avoidance goals also tended to ascribe academic success to ability and parent’s help. The findings are discussed in relation to the culture of Singapore.     

大学生学习动机现状调查

以滨州学院的489名大学生为研究对象,以大学生学习动机问卷为调查工具,分析大学生的学习动机总体水平及不同群体大学生学习动机水平的差异。结果表明,大学生学习动机处于中等水平;大学生的学习动机存在一定的性别差异、年级差异和专业差异。     

关注高考新题型--不动点

2003年的数学考试说明中指出"加强思维品质的考查",作为高考问题中异军突起的不动点问题,因其命题背景新颖,题目灵活、多变,且与函数、不等式、数列、方程有密切联系,非常符合考试说明要求,本文作此类问题研究、探讨.     

Re-examining and developing the notion of academic citizenship: A critical literature review

The notion of academic citizenship has been largely associated with the service role which is a part of academic work seen as additional to teaching and research. The changing landscapes of higher education and the increasing diversity of academic work have prompted debates on what academic citizenship means. This paper challenges the conventional association of academic citizenship with the service role and presents a critical review of the key themes and issues explored in extant literature on the subject. Drawing upon the general view of citizenship as practice, it proposes that the different dimensions of academic work be seen integratively, with academic citizenship reframed beyond the service role. We argue that academic citizenship needs to be conceptualised as a practice of enactment, that is, by the values, processes and means by which it is enacted and asserted as academics draw on freedoms, autonomy and individual motivations.     

一道高考数学题的解法研究及思考

本文通过对一道高考数学题的解法研究,指出应在初等数学教育中加强高等数学思维的培养,同时谈到我的一些看法。     

Mathematically gifted students and high achievement: the role of motivation and classroom structure

One of the most intriguing questions for those who study intellectually gifted students is why some of them reach peak performances at school and others don’t. Moderator theories of giftedness assume that domain-specific gifts are transformed into achievement in a process influenced by non-cognitive and environmental variables. Thus, the current study investigates differences in the non-cognitive construct motivation (achievement goals, interest, self-concept, self-efficacy, implicit theories) and perception of classroom environment (classroom structure, class climate) between mathematically gifted high achievers (n = 66) and mathematically gifted students with non-high achievement (n = 144) using a latent variable approach. Gifted high achievers expressed higher levels of motivation than non-high achievers. Furthermore, they perceived a classroom structure that provides more tasks with a focus on learning and more autonomy.     

中学生心理韧性与学业水平的关系研究

本研究致力于研究心理韧性的地区、性别和年级特点及其与学业水平的关系。采用问卷法对707名学生进行调查。结果表明:(1)在情绪控制、家庭支持、人际协助子量表,个人力、支持力分量表和总量表上均存在显著的地区差异。在人际协助子量表上,女生显著高于男生。在目标专注、积极认知和家庭支持子量表上,存在着显著的年级差异;(2)不同学业水平的学生心理韧性存在显著差异;(3)心理韧性总量表、分量表及其子量表与中学生的学业水平均成显著正相关;(4)积极认知和家庭支持子量表对学业水平有显著的预测性。     

中学生学习压力、成就目标与学业成绩的关系研究

运用问卷对686名中学生进行调查，探索学习压力、成就目标与学业成绩的关系。结果发现：对于掌握目标组，掌握目标对学业成绩起正向直接作用，学习压力起负向直接作用，成绩目标通过学习压力对学业成绩起负向间接作用。对于成绩目标组，成绩目标通过学习压力对学业成绩存在间接消极作用，掌握目标通过学习压力对学业成绩存在间接积极作用。     

成就目标定向对听障学生学习投入的影响机制研究

以456名3-9年级听障学生为被试,采用问卷调查法考察了听障学生学习投入现状以及学习投入与成就目标定向、学业自我效能感之间的关系.结果发现,绝大多数听障学生学习投入状况较好;学业自我效能感在成绩趋近目标和学习投入关系之间发挥完全中介作用,在掌握回避目标和学习投入关系之间发挥部分中介作用,在成绩回避目标和学习投入关系之间...