教师变量对小学四年级数学成绩的影响:一个增值性研究

以房山区42所小学的1238名四年级学生和42名数学教师为研究对象,以四年级下学期的数学测验成绩为因变量,四年级上学期的数学测验成绩作为协变量加入两水平线性模型中建立基础增值模型.在控制学生背景变量的条件下,考察教师的特征变量、教学方式和教师培训三个方面对小学生四年级数学学业成绩增长的影响.结果显示,教师的特征变量中,教师的性别、年龄、教龄和学历专业对学生学业成绩的增长无显著影响,而教师的职称和最终受教育水平则对学生学业成绩的增长有显著影响;与教学相关的变量中,是否参加过新课程培训这一变量对学生学业成绩的增长有显著影响.     

The Relationship between Intelligence,Approaches to Learning and Academic Achievement

Three different tests of intelligence and the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students were administered to 89 Norwegian undergraduate psychology students. The purpose was to investigate the relationship between intelligence, approaches to learning and academic achievement. Factor analysis supported a one-factor solution of the three intelligence tests as an expression of general intelligence. No relationship between general intelligence and approaches to learning was observed. The WAIS vocabulary test of intelligence and the surface approach to learning were negatively correlated. The WAIS vocabulary test of intelligence and the surface approach to learning predicted academic achievement. A curvilinear relationship between surface approach and academic achievement was observed. Multiple regression analysis showed interaction effects between deep-strategic and surface-strategic approaches to learning as predictors of academic achievement. The findings support the construct validity of approaches to learning due to its independence of intelligence.     

The Relationship between Self Concept and Academic Achievement

It was hypothesized that children, both white and Negro, attending a de facto segregated school have less positive self concepts than do children attending desegregated schools, and that there is a significant positive relationship between self concept and academic achievement. Sixty children from the intermediate grades of each of the elementary schools in a small city in northern New Jersey were matched on the basis of age, grade, ex, race, intelligence, and socio-economic status. Analyses of variance were computed on the scores obtained rom the self-report instrument administered and correlations between these scores and achievement scores were alculated. It was found that children attending the de facto segregated school had less positive self concepts. There was also a significant positive relationship between self concept and academic achievement. That is, those children having more positive self concepts had higher academic achievement.     

成就动机、家庭影响力及学业成就的关系研究

以570名中小学生为研究对象,以成就动机问卷和家庭影响力调查表为工具探讨了家庭影响力、成就动机及学业成就的关系。主要获得以下结果:1.家庭影响力与成就动机关系密切;2.不同水平的学校在家庭影响力和学生的成就动机上有差异;3.成就动机对学业成就有一定预测作用,但是,在不同年级会有不同表现。     

成就目标、自我效能、学习策略和学业成就的关系研究

对545名中学生进行测量，以探讨成就目标、自我效能、学习策略与学业成绩的关系。结果表明：掌握目标、成绩目标与自我效能、学习策略有显著的正相关，回避目标与自我效能、学习策略存在显著的负相关，自我效能与学习策略有显著的正相关；掌握目标、自我效能和学习策略与学业成绩有显著的正相关，而回避目标与学业成绩则有显著的负相关；学习策略直接影响学业成绩，成就目标和自我效能对学业成绩的影响是间接的。     

The Surprisingly Modest Relationship Between SES and Educational Achievement

Measures of socioeconomic status (SES) are routinely used in analyses of achievement data to increase statistical power, statistically control for the effects of SES, and enhance causality arguments under the premise that the SES-achievement relationship is moderate to strong. Empirical evidence characterizing the strength of the SES-achievement relationship and its moderators suggests that this relationship is surprisingly modest, with an average SES-achievement correlation of .22, although it appears to have strengthened in the past 3 decades. The modest SES-achievement relationship has important implications for using SES measures in educational data analyses. We provide evidence of this relationship and of the need to use theoretical models to guide the construction and selection of SES measures in analyses of achievement data.     

大学生人格与成就动机关系初探

本研究以397名北京大学的本科学生为对象，试图探讨他们的人格、自我取向成就动机、社会取向成就动机以及年龄等因素之间的关系。通过问卷调查，得到以下结果：（1）年龄与“大五”人格模型中的开放性、愉悦性两个维度有非常显著的负相关，与外向性有比较显著的正相关；（2）年龄与社会取向成就动机有很显著的正相关；（3）公正严谨性、外向性、开放性三个维度与自我取向成就动机有较高的正相关．神经质则与之有较高的负相关;（4）神经质、外向性与社会取向成就动机有比较高的正相关，开放性、愉悦性则与之有显著的负相关;（5）在人格因素对成就动机的回归分析中，公正严谨性、开放性、外向性可以为自我取向成就动机提供很好的预测，神经质、外向性、开放性、公正严谨性则能够为社会取向成就动机提供很好的预测。     

The Relationship of Teachers' Instructional Decisions and Beliefs about Alternate Assessments to Student Achievement

In the decade since alternate assessments based on alternate achievement standards (AA-AAS) were first required, special education teachers have had to develop content knowledge and pedagogical skills to teach academics to students with significant cognitive disabilities. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact that teachers' instructional decisions and beliefs about AA-AAS have on the academic achievement of students with significant cognitive disabilities. A survey of nearly 400 teachers across three states provided evidence of teachers' beliefs, as well as their instructional planning processes for students. Students' learning characteristics were also identified. Survey responses were analyzed in conjunction with students' 2010–2011 scores on their statewide AA-AAS. The results indicated that students with presymbolic communication systems had a lower likelihood of achieving proficiency in English language arts/reading and math than students with abstract symbolic communication. Students with concrete symbolic communication systems had lesser odds of proficiency in ELA/reading but not in math. Teachers who agreed that AA-AAS had an impact on instruction tended to have students with higher achievement proficiency. However, more negative views of the validity of AA-AAS scores were associated with greater odds of proficiency.     

新疆民族儿童学前双语语义发展与入学认知准备的相关研究

研究聚焦探讨少数民族学前儿童双语发展与入学认知准备的经验互动。以新疆4-6岁维吾尔族学前儿童为对象,采用汉语和维语PPVT,EVT和Bracken工具,测查儿童双语的理解性语义水平、表达性语义水平和入学认知水平。研究发现新疆学前民族儿童的汉语和维语语义水平呈现良好的发展态势,但不同教育质量幼儿园儿童的两种语义发展水平存在明显差异;经过三年的学前双语教育,民族儿童的入学认知准备整体概念水平的通过率水平均达到50%以上;而在认知基本概念方面和认知综合概念子项目上存在不均衡现象,提示学前教育课程教学内容进一步检视的需要;学前民族儿童汉语理解性语义水平和表达性语义水平,与入学认知准备均呈现显著正相关状态,而儿童汉语理解性语义水平和表达性语义水平对入学认知准备具有显著预测作用。研究由此证明,学前阶段少数民族儿童的双语学习,对儿童的认知发展具有良好的促进作用。     

Achievement Outcomes Among High School Graduates in College and Career Readiness Programs of Study

This study investigated the relationships between completing the high school portion of a college- and career-preparatory program of study and high school achievement outcomes in a large urban district in the West. Programs of study are secondary-to-postsecondary educational programs mandated by the federal legislation (Perkins IV) governing career and technical education (CTE) in the United States. At graduation, 49.5% of students in the sample who began a program of study had completed their programs. Using multiple regression models, we compared graduates who completed a program of study (hereafter POS completers) to graduates who completed a number of CTE courses in a specific occupational area (CTE concentrators), and to graduates who may have taken a CTE course or two during high school but were neither POS completers nor CTE concentrators (All Others). POS completers were more likely to (a) have a higher overall GPA, (b) have a higher CTE GPA, and (c) earn more STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) credits than All Other students. Compared with CTE concentrators, POS completers were more likely to (a) have a higher overall GPA and (b) earn more STEM credits. Qualitative data describe contextual elements of programs of study as offered in West District that could explain these results. Study results suggest that districts should consider implementing career-themed programs such as programs of study that enhance their existing college- and career-readiness initiatives. We also call for further study of the postsecondary and labor market outcomes associated with programs of study in order to generate a clearer picture of their potential to increase academic and technical achievement and promote successful student transitions to higher education and the workplace.     

地方高校学生干部成就动机、工作量化和学业成绩的关系

采用成就动机量表、高校学生干部量化考核表,探讨高校学生干部成就动机与工作量化和学业成绩的关系。结果发现:高校学生干部成就动机与工作量化和学业成绩显著正相关;留任学生干部成就动机和工作量化显著高于不留任学生干部;高校学生干部的成就动机与工作量化无性别差异;来自农村的学生干部的成就动机和工作量化显著高于来自城镇的学生干部。     

Pupil Opinions and the Relationship of Television Viewing to Academic Achievement

Abstract

An instrument was developed to measure multicultural attitudes of teacher trainees. The Multicultural Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ) was based on the hypothesis that multicultural attitudes would best be reflected by responses in several dimensions. Consequently, the MAQ contains items relating to variety in family and friends, social distance, acceptance of others, opinions on specific groups, and ethnic composition. The MAQ was analyzed through the use of factor analysis, multiple regression, and the correlation of scores with personality variables. The MAQ appears to be a promising tool to assess multicultural attitudes. It appears to be sensitive to differences between students and to offer a method for assessment of developmental differences of teacher trainees in a teacher education program.     

学生英语课堂焦虑与学习成绩的关系

随着人文主义心理学的发展,外语教学也须适应时代的发展,当今外语教学中的情感因素越来越受到重视,文章从Krashen的情感过滤假说理论出发,分析了外语学习中最大的情感障碍——焦虑的形成类型、原因及影响,通过分析得出教师在教学中应减少或消除外语学习者的焦虑感。     

自我调节、自我意识与成绩的关系研究

随着近年来以提高学生认知能力为中心的学习日益发展,从元认知角度出发,根据自我调节、专业自我意识对学生成绩具有直接和间接预测能力的研究,考察了英语与数学自我意识、自我调节对学生成绩的直接和间接预测能力。结果表明,自我计划和自我调整对学生英语成绩具有直接的预测能力,而自我监控通过对自我意识的影响而对学生数学成绩具有间接的预测能力。不同年级学生自我调节能力有显著差异。根据实验结果,提出提高学生自我调节以及专业自我意识的教育措施与方法。     

外语阅读焦虑与阅读成绩及性别的关系

利用外语阅读焦虑量表,对随机抽样的95名高中二年级学生进行测试,以考察高中生外语阅读焦虑与阅读成绩及性别的关系。研究结果表明:我国高中生普遍存在外语阅读焦虑,其焦虑程度明显高于国外学生;外语阅读焦虑与阅读成绩呈负相关,但是阅读焦虑和阅读成绩在性别上不存在显著差异。     

The Relationship between Personality and Achievement Variables in the Elementary School

Abstract

A 20-hour training program in human relations skills was provided for two groups of student teachers using the model initially developed by Carkhuff (3). One group received training concurrent with the student teaching experience while the other received human relations training immediately prior to student teaching experience. A control group of student teachers received no training. Results indicated that the training was highly successful, however, the group trained before the student teaching experience decreased in human relationship skills following the experience. The concurrently trained group, while exhibiting no deterioration, did not achieve as high an initial level of functioning as the former group. The attitudes of both experimental groups toward the training experience were extremely favorable. Implications of the findings for the timing of human relations training groups in the teacher education process were considered.     

高职生成就动机与心理健康的关系研究

采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和成就动机量表（AMS）对245名高职生进行了问卷调查。首先针对人口学特征在成就动机上的得分进行比较,得出结论为：成就动机的某些维度在年级和是否独生子女上存在差异。然后,对成就动机与心理健康之间进行了相关和回归分析,得出的结论为：成就动机某些维度与心理健康的人际关系、抑郁等因子存在相关。人际关系与敌对因子对高职生成就动机的影响是具有预测性的。     

The Relationship Between Homework and Achievement—Still Much of a Mystery

Despite the long history of homework and homework research, the role that homework plays in enhancing student achievement is, at best, only partly understood. In this review, we give an overview of twentieth-century homework research and discuss the reasons why the relationship between homework and achievement remains unclear. We identify the operationalization of homework and achievement and the problematic handling of hierarchically ordered data as two important factors affecting the validity of many of the studies performed over the last century. We then describe a new generation of homework studies using multilevel modeling to deal with hierarchically nested data. Finally, we argue that homework research should be more closely connected to well-founded psychological theories of learning and instruction, and we offer three potential links (theories of instruction time, self-regulation theory and expectancy-value theory, and teaching behavior).     

大学生自我效能感、成就动机与成就目标定向的关系探究

目的：考察大学生自我效能感、成就动机和成就目标定向的性别差异及相互关系。方法：采用自我效能感量表、成就动机量表和成就目标定向问卷对300名南阳师院在读本科大学生进行问卷调查。结果：自我效能感、成就动机和学习目标定向在性别上差异极显著;成就动机在自我效能感和学习目标定向之间起完全中介作用。