Early Reading Background of Some Superior Readers Among College Freshmen

Abstract

A criticism of acceleration Is that it often results In lower grades In subject fields In which preliminary courses were skipped than could normally be expected of students talented In those fields. This study, composed of 108 pairs of students, compared the grades received In advanced courses by students who skipped the preliminary courses with the grades received In the same advanced courses by equally talented regular-progress students. It was found that the difference between the grades received by the two groups of students was not statistically significant. Therefore, It seems clear that acceleration did not result in lower-than-expected academic performance In advanced courses for the students included In the study.     

大学新生情绪状态及其对学业成绩的影响分析

采用Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对500名大学一年级新生进行测量,收回有效问卷483份(占96.6%),其中男生268名,女生215名。同时取得其期末考试成绩,使用SPSS10.0软件包对数据进行分析。结果说明大学新生的焦虑和抑郁得分与学业成绩之间呈显著负相关。     

Early Training Facilitative Level as a Predictor of Practicum Performance

Thirty-two counseling trainees were rated on level of facilitative functioning before and after prepracticum. Evidence is presented that pretraining and early training levels of facilitative functioning are directly related to later performance in practicum.     

焦虑情绪和适应能力对大学新生学习生活的影响

采用焦虑自评量表和心理适应性自测量表对67名大学新生进行三次心理健康状况调查,结果显示有一般心理问题的学生占28.36%;有严重心理问题的学生占6.00%。焦虑产生的原因有生理需要不满足、安全感缺失、没有归属感、实现自我价值有压力。高校可以通过素质教育,加强校园文化建设,提高学生的适应能力,完善心理健康教育系统,缓解大学生的心理焦虑。     

中外合作办学大学新生学业适应教育探析

中外合作办学目前已成为国内高校培养国际化人才的新途径,但是由于其特殊性,新生在入校教育后面临着比普通学生更大的学业适应压力。本文分析了影响中外合作办学大学新生学业适应的主要因素,并提出了学业适应教育模式的构建措施。     

自我调节学习能力是提高学业成绩的关键

自我调节学习理论主要是社会认知学派的学者们提出的,国外对此的研究有很多,但国内的研究还比较有限.因此,自我调节学习成为近年来教育界研究的热点问题,很多研究者都从不同的角度对这一问题进行了探讨.而成就目标定向和自我效能感是影响学生自我调节学习的关键因素.本文通过探讨成就目标定向、自我效能感与自我调节学习之间的关系,找出培养学生自我调节学习能力和提高学业成绩的更好途径,为学校教育教学作出贡献.     

A 5-Year Follow-Up Study of High Ability Achieving and Nonachieving College Freshmen

Abstract

This study investigated the present status and significant differences between high ability achieving and nonachieving college freshmen of a 1960-61 study. The Ss were students at the University of Kentucky and had scored in a percentile range of 95 to 99 on the College Qualification Tests (CQT). The psychosocial data were collected by means of a questionnaire, and significant differences were determined through the chi-square method of statistical analysis. The resulting profiles indicate the possibility that many high ability non-achievers might achieve if they were given early guidance and were allowed the opportunity to change their academic programs.     

Analysing Spelling Performance on a Range of Purposeful Writing Tasks

Most studies have looked at spelling as it occurs in the test or experimental situation. It is argued in this paper that spelling is only properly understood when account is taken of the complexity of processing involved in written language production.

A study is reported in which the performance of 48 12‐year‐old subjects, drawn from nine classes in eight schools, was examined on five different writing tasks based on a common theme. Separate comparisons were made between matched pairs of good and poor spellers, and between males and females, on a number of performance measures. Results are discussed in terms of the characteristics of the different tasks and their effects on the performance of different groups of children.     

影响民航大学生数学学习成绩的因素

以中国民航飞行学院飞行技术专业部分学生为研究样本,利用多种统计分析方法对影响大学生数学成绩的因素进行分析,考察教师的教学水平、学生的高考数学成绩等因素对大学数学成绩的影响.结果显示：教师的教学水平与学生的高考数学成绩对大学数学成绩的影响均显著,但高考数学成绩只能解释大学数学成绩12.6%的变异.结论：教师的教学水平与学生的学习能动性对大学数学成绩有良好的促进作用.     

Rank in High School Graduating Classes of Various Sizes as a Predictor of College Grades

Abstract

To explore the relationship between chance in student attitudes toward a class in which they were participating and final achievement in that class, five equivalent forms of a 26-item attitude scale were administered at two-week intervals to 573 university students In three courses. Coefficients of correlation between the various sequential attitude scores and final achievement, with aptitude held constants were computed in the three situations. Some evidence was found to support the hypothesis that attitudes become progressively more closely related to final achievement throughout the period of Instruction     

Test-Taking Strategy as a Mediator between Race and Academic Performance

The issue of race differences in standardized test scores and academic achievement continues to be a vexing one for behavioral scientists and society at large. Ellis and Ryan (2003) suggested that a portion of the cognitive-ability test performance differences between White/Caucasian-American and Black/African-American college students could be attributed to the greater use of ineffective test-taking strategies by the latter group. We replicated and extended their findings by using three outcomes—exam scores in a single academic course, self-reported GPA, and a measure of verbal abilities. Ellis and Ryan reported that the variance in cognitive-ability test performance explained by race dropped by 48% (i.e., from 21% originally to 11%) when controlling for the mediator, ineffective test-taking strategies. Our results were less dramatic, but also indicated that ineffective test-taking strategies accounted for 19% to 25% of the variance originally explained by race. In addition, reminiscent of the disidentification effect, supplementary analyses showed that academic/intellectual self-perceptions correlated with the criterion measures but only for White participants. These results suggest that a portion of the race difference on test scores might be accounted for by test-taking strategies.     

本科新生自主学术认同开发与管理:学科和发展的角度

从学科和发展的角度,细化本科新生自主学术认同开发与管理可选策略。95名修习"学术规范与论文写作"课程的学生完成了涉及自我与学术职业之间关系内容的调查问卷。调查结果表明,不同意向或所在学科本科新生及二至四年级本科生,在修习课程过程中和课程结束后,都自主采取"学习与研究/实践、交流、整合"类探索行动。而在各类探索行动的具体策略上,不同意向或所在学科本科新生之间,本科新生与二至四年级本科生之间,既有相同又有相异之处。调查结果对于本科新生在学术素养训练背景下自主开发与管理学术认同,进而成长为更具学术忠诚这一积极人格特点的人有所帮助。     

学科性社团对大学生自我教育能力的培养

高校学生社团是大学生自我教育能力培养的一个重要载体,而其中的学科性社团尤其具有突出的育人功能。学科性社团建设以励志教育为主线,以专业学术探索为核心。学科性社团的活动开展可以确保大学生自我教育的集体条件,培养大学生积极的自我意象,促进自我激励,提升专业学术水平,实践创新创业。通过参与学科性社团的各项活动,可以帮助大学生不断提高完善自我,从他律到自律转化,最后实现培养全面发展的人的育人目标。     

教师能力和个性特征与教学效果和学业成绩关系的研究

文章采用大学生评教方式考察了教师能力和个性特征与教学效果和学业成绩的关系。结果表明：学习价值感是影响学生成绩的主要因素;影响学业成绩不仅限于教师教学效果,教师的专业教育能力和个性特征也是重要因素。