Science Letters:Volatile constituents in the flowers of Elsholtzia argyi and their varia-tion:a possible utilization of plant resources after phytoremediation

Phytoremediation effectiveness and remediation costs are driving factors of this project. Full utilization of plant resources after their being used for phytoremediation is an unsolved problem. GC/MS technique was used to investigate the volatiles of the flowers from Elsholtzia argyi (PFE1: Purple Flower Elsholtzia) and their variation     

The “Prototype and Stereotype” Theory in Lexical Semantics Teaching Methodology

Cognitive linguistics studies the relationship between language and cognition,which claims that semantics structures reflect the mental categories which people have formed their experiences of growing up and acting in the world.The lexical and semantics combined together to be the foundations of language which makes into people’ s communication.As the main branch of cognition,the prototype and stereotype theory have a close relationship to the lexical semantics.Thus,it is essential and useful to make a research on the lexical semantics under the influence of the "prototype and stereotype theory" and it will help a lot in teaching methodology.     

Changes of root morphology and Pb uptake by two species of Elsholtzia under Pb toxicity

Elsholtzia argyi and Elsholtzia splendens, which are Chinese endemic Pb/Zn mined and Cu mined ecotype respectively, were investigated on the aspect of their response to Pb toxicity in the presence or absence of EDTA addition. After 8 d's Pb treatment, root length, root surface area and root volume of E. splendens decreased much more than those ofE. argyi, and reduced considerably with increase of Pb, while no marked change was noted for root average diameter. Compared to E. argyi, length of root with diameter (D)＜0.2 mm was significantly reduced for E. splendens as Pb increased. D＜0.1 mm E. splendens root had cross-sectional surface area at Pb≥10 mg/L, while for E. argyi, it was at Pb＞25 mg/L. With increase ofPb, DW ofE. splendens decreased much more than that of E. argyi. E. argyi exhibited much more tolerance to Pb toxicity than E. splendens. Treatment with 100 mg/L Pb plus 50 mmol/L EDTA significantly decreased the length and surface area of D≤0.2 mm root, increased the length and surface area of 0.2≤D≤0.8 mm root for the case ofE. argyi, while for E. splendens, length and surface area of D＜0.6 mm root reduced, as compared to 100 mg/L Pb treatment, alone. At 100 mg/L Pb, shoot Pb accumulation in E. splendens and E. argyi were 27.9 and 89.0 μg/plant DW respectively, and much more Pb was uptaken by the root and translocated to the stem ofE. argyi as compared to E. splendens. Treatment of the plant with 100 mg/L Pb plus 50 mmol/L EDTA increased leaf Pb accumulation from 16.8 to 84.9 g/plant for E. splendens and from 18.8 to 52.5 g/plant for E. argyi, while both root and stem Pb pronouncedly reduced for both Elsholtzia species. The increased translocation of Pb to the leaf ofE. splendens being than that ofE. argyi after treatment with 100 mg/L Pb plus 50 mmol/L EDTA should be further investigated.     

由植物油提取的合成润滑剂的流变特性和摩擦特性

The double bonds in the vegetable oils can be conjungated and Diels-Alder react when they are heated in the existence of the catalyst. The percent of the double bond will decrease and the oxidative stability of the vegetable oils can be ameliorated. Dimmer acid can react with different carbon chain length of alcohols to form dimmer acid esters. A series of dimmer acid esters were synthesized and their rheological characteristics （viscosity, viscosity index, pour point） and tribological characteristics （the coefficient of friction at different load, the characteristic of extreine pressure （ PB ）, the wear scare diameter （ D30min^196N ） were evaluated and analyzed. The results showed that the characteristics of Di-iso-octanol dimmer acid ester were the best among the synthesized dimmer esters. It＇ s a lubricant with good properties（the viscosity is 94.5 mm^2/s, the viscosity index is high up to 141 and the pour point is - 49℃ ）. It is a kind of newly interesthing ester type lubricant. Its rheological and tribological characteristics are even better than those of the slap-up synthesized lubricant--pentaerythritol esters （C7-9 acidate）. The FT-IR spectrophotometer was used to analyze the structure of the synthetic esters. Their IR spectra are the same as the typical IR spectrum of ester. The test indicated that Di-iso-octanol dimmer acid ester could be used as a kind of base lubricant with excellent quantity.     

The Soul of Jiangsu Poetry： The Four Editors in Poetry Monthly

ZHANG Jian （Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China） Abstract： The first edition of Poetry Monthly played a significant role in the transition from Chinese traditional po- ems to new poems in the history of China＇s modem literature. The four main editors of Poetry Monthly： Ye Shentao, Liu Yanling, Zhu Ziqing and Yu Pingbo who came together for their common interests and history responsibility. The four editors were all born and grew up in Jiangsu Province, a land bearing a profound cultural heritage. There- fore, the open and diverse cultures and the soil of literature of Jiangsu are naturally the principal contributors to the publication of Poetry Monthly. Key words： the soul of Jiangsu poetry; Poetry Monthly; four editors; cultural heritage     

Working commitment among trainee teachers： A meta evaluation approach

The main aim of the study was to evaluate trainee teachers working commitment in their teaching practicum. There were seven component teaching practices and eleven demographic factors. The instrument of the study was extracted from various sources to suit the research design based on Units, Treatments, Observing, and Surveying （UTOS） model modification. The reliability index obtained for both research instruments were reasonably good ranging from 0.7030 to 0.9053. A total of 276 trainee teachers who were doing their practical teaching in one of the state in Malaysia （Kelantan）. Stratified random sampling was used. They made their self-assessment by using the working commitment instrument. At the same time, their teaching processes were guided through conferences, observations and finally evaluations to get their comparative scores of teaching performance. The data were analyzed by using statistical multiple regression at significant ofp 〈 0.05. As a result, a linear equation of trainee teachers＇ commitment comprises contribution of work load, work satisfaction, study opportunities, teachers＇ prospect, marital status, teaching practices, planning and preparation teaching procedure, and religious studies. Furthermore the findings of this study led to some suggestions for future teachers development and become more efficient and adaptive.     

Exploring Bilingual Uyghur-Chinese Students’Social Use of Language inside and out of Classroom

This paper examines language use inside and out of classroom of Uyghur students from the middle schools for both Han and ethnic minorities in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. A total of 341 Uyghur students between 12 and 15 years of age, attending 3 middle schools for both Han and ethnic minorities in Urumqi, responded to questionnaires requesting information about their language backgrounds, their use of language at school (inside and out of classroom) and in the wider community, their self-perceptions about their linguistic competence in Uyghur and in Chinese and their attitudes towards Uyghur, Chinese and towards bilingualism. The results, in general, demonstrated a positive attitude towards bilingualism, and there was a trend towards favoring the use of Chinese both inside and outside classroom. The implications of the findings for language policy and planning in education are discussed.     

Humanistic knowledge management perspective： The case of Croatia

The paper promotes people-focused, in other words, HKM （humanistic knowledge management） perspective. In the theoretical part of this paper, HKM perspective is being elaborated. In the empirical part of this paper, the status of KM （knowledge management） holders as KM factor is assessed. Precisely, the quality of 5 areas （KM infrastructure, KM holders, organizational culture, IT （information technology） and measuring KM） which are important for KM success was evaluated in order to position people factor in Croatia. Therefore, Croatian organizations and Croatian employees were asked about their KM practice and their perceptions of its quality.     

Remediation of Cr（Ⅵ） in solution using vitamin C

The effectiveness of vitamin C in treating Cr(Ⅵ)-contaminated water is being evaluated. Cr(Ⅵ) is an identified pollutant of some soils and groundwater. Vitamin C, an important biological reductant in humans and animals, can be used to transform Cr(Ⅵ) to essentially nontoxic Cr(Ⅲ). The removal efficiency was 89% when the mass concentration of vitamin C was 80 mg/L in 60 min, and nearly 100% Cr(Ⅵ) was removed when the mass concentration was 100 mg/L. Our data demonstrated that the removal efficiency was affected by vitamin C concentration, the reaction temperature and the dissolved oxygen concentration.The reaction mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ) by vitamin C was presented. Our study opens the way to use vitamin C to remediate Cr(Ⅵ)-contaminated soils and groundwater.     

Joint routing and rate allocation for multiple video streams in ad-hoc wireless networks

INTRODUCTION Ad-hoc networks are attractive owing to their self-organizing nature and absence of a fixed infra- structure. They are particularly suited for communi- cation in disaster-affected areas, coordinating military operations, and sensing environmental conditions With the growing availability of supporting hardware and decreasing equipment cost, ad-hoc networking based applications are proliferating. Meshes of wire- less nodes are being deployed in cities and housing communities to…     

紫花地丁挥发油化学成分分析及其抑菌作用研究

采用CO2超临界萃取法（SFE-CO2）提取紫花地丁的挥发油,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）对紫花地丁的挥发油化学成分进行分离鉴定,共分离出了23种化学成分,主要为十四烷（17.628%）,肉豆蔻酸（12.654%）,植物醇（11.909%）,甲酯-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸（10.954%）,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（6.440%）,1,19-二十烷二烯（6.439%）等.首次定量地测定了紫花地丁挥发油的抑菌活性,结果表明挥发油对供试菌种沙门氏菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,福氏痢疾杆菌均有明显的抑制作用,对大肠杆菌无抑制作用.     

两种方法提取白茶中挥发性化学成分研究

报道了用固相微萃取法（ SPME）和水蒸汽蒸馏萃取法（ DE）提取白茶中挥发性物质,并用气相色谱-质谱联用方法对其挥发性化学成分进行分析．固相微萃取法分离并确定出35种化学成分,其中主要化学成分为苯甲醛（5．91％）﹑苯乙醇（5．46％）和芳樟醇（9．02％）．水蒸汽蒸馏萃取法分离并确定出39种化学成分,其中主要化学成分为苯甲醇（5．56％）﹑苯乙醇（8．22％）和芳樟醇（5．69％）．     

茵陈挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从茵陈中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法测定并分析其化学成分,用归一化法测定其相对含量,结果鉴测出茵陈挥发油含有42个成分,占挥发油总成份的83.2%。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱（SPME-GC／MS）法分析樟树叶的挥发性物质

利用顶空固相微萃取技术（SPME）吸附樟树叶的挥发性物质,采用GC／MS技术分析鉴定,用峰面积归一化法进行定量。从樟树叶中鉴定出38种化学物质,占挥发性物质总量的98．53％。樟树叶的主要挥发性物质有石竹烯,（Z,Z,Z）-1,5,9,9-四甲基-1,4,7环-十一碳三烯,己酸叶醇酯,S-（Z）-3,7,11-三甲基-1,6,10-十二烷三烯-3-醇,3,7-二氢-3-甲基1H-嘌呤-2,6-二酮等。     

漏芦挥发油成分分析

通过对漏芦挥发油中化学成分分析比较研究,为漏芦的开发利用提供依据.采用同时蒸馏-萃取法提取漏芦中的挥发油,并以气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)对挥发油中的化合物进行分析鉴定.共鉴定出30个化合物,占其化学成分总含量的80.57%.漏芦挥发油中主要化学成分为萜类化合物.     

水蒸汽蒸馏法提取没药挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法从没药中提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对其化学成分进行了分析.从中分离并鉴定出41种化学成分,用峰面积归一化法通过数据处理系统得出各化学成分在挥发油中的百分含量,占挥发油总成分的67.95%.     

大叶石龙尾叶精油化学成分及其体外抗氧化活性

采用GC-MS-DS联用技术分析福建产大叶石龙尾叶精油的化学成分,同时运用1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼DPPH.自由基体系、羟基自由基体系及抗脂质体过氧化体系体外评价该精油的抗氧化活性.结果：从49个峰中检识出该精油的45种化学成分,含量占精油总量的99.65%,主要为萜类化合物（72.20%）与芳香族化合物（22.99%）,具有胡椒酚甲醚（17.75%）、[1S-（1α,7α,8aβ）]-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-八氢-1,4-二甲基-7-（1-甲基乙烯基）-甘菊环（13.24%）、石竹烯（11.29%）、Z,Z,Z-1,5,9,9-四甲基-1,4,7-环十一碳三烯（10.92%）、桉油素（6.78%）等主要成分;抗氧化活性检测出该精油具有较强的清除DPPH.自由基、羟基自由基能力,此两种自由基50%清除率所需的样液质量浓度IC50分别为29.980、.69 mg/mL,在50 mg/mL浓度时对卵磷脂脂质体过氧化的抑制率也达50%以上.     

白茶挥发性成分的固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析

报道了用固相微萃取法提取白茶中挥发性化学成分,用气相色谱-质谱法从白茶挥发油中分离并确定出36种化学成分,其中主要成分为苯甲醛（5.91%）、苯乙醇（5.46%）、芳樟醇（9.02%）.