档案学研究运用比较研究法成果特征分析

文章从论文数量分布、来源分布、涉及国家或地区分布和研究主题分布等方面对2012-2019年档案学研究运用比较研究法的论文进行调查统计,分析档案学研究中比较研究法运用的现状和特征,并与学者对2006-2011年间的研究结果进行对比分析。调查结果表明,比较研究法在成为档案学硕士学位论文采用的重要研究方法的同时,得到了许多档案学者和档案学核心期刊编审专家的重视和认可,其作为档案学重要研究方法的地位得以确立,且横向比较成为档案学比较研究的主要形式,这是档案学研究运用该方法的基本特征。档案学研究运用比较研究法成果的具体特征表现为:档案法规、政策及标准研究范围扩大,电子文件与电子档案成为持续研究的重点,档案服务成为档案工作研究的核心,档案学理论研究的内容更加丰富,档案文化研究出现新的趋向。     

From sailing boat to steamship: the role of the publisher in an open access environment

The Internet has been a huge success in the academic world, as it makes it possible for academics to share and find research materials; open access has therefore become a fact of life for academic publishing. But what is the role of publishers in this new environment? The key functions of publishing – organizing peer review, editorial support, graphic design, marketing, and distribution of academic information – do not just disappear; publishers still have a role here, but they need to take a more service‐minded perspective. Academics still need to find ways to ensure the dissemination of their output; it is important that they realize that this will cost money, whether it is brought in‐house or outsourced. The IMISCOE project, on which Amsterdam University Press has recently embarked, offers an entirely new publishing model oriented towards online dissemination of academic research results, as well as in book form.     

Public Service Broadcasting in the United States

In the past few years, American public broadcasting has faced severe pressures from conservative politicians, the challenge of preparing for new technologies, and fickle audiences. Yet it may be as well-off today as it ever has been, in part because public broadcasting has always been on the margins of American broadcasting. It has been in more parlous circumstances and in fact has certain advantages at this point. Public broadcasting in the United States is not essentially a public service broadcaster, although it sometimes acts as one. It thus has a certain flexibility in a time of great change. American public broadcasting is not a unified structure, but an ad hoc assemblage of stations united both by the fluctuating patronage of the institutions that fund them and in their cultivating the capricious support of the audiences they serve.     

Reference on the Go: A Model for Mobile Reference Services in Libraries

The following article is the first in an ongoing series entitled “Perspectives from the Developing World,” giving voice to authors beyond Europe and North America.

The concept of reference has greatly changed because of the increasing digital presence of reference material. The advent of mobile communication systems and the need for getting correct reference on the move has prompted many libraries to offer mobile related services. Most of the reference sources are now available as mobile-specific products, but there is no comprehensive single mobile interface that can be called as an alternative to the traditional reference desks. This article looks at the evolution of reference services over the years with special reference to creating a mobile reference application for an academic library taking the University of Swaziland Library as a case study.     

Informatics in the context of the differentiation and integration of science

Differentiation and integration of the life of society play a prominent role among dialectical opposites that determine social progress. This is certainly true for science as well. A special aspect of this problem is interlinked with the development of informatics. It has many links with extension of scientific-technical revolution. It will not be an overstatement to say that today’s informatics has been determined by differentiation and integration in modern science. The future of informatics is also linked with these trends.     

Religiosity and the digital divide in Canada

The digital divide refers to the differential patterns of Internet access adoption and usage across different segments of populations. The digital divide has been linked to demographic variables such as age and gender, and socioeconomic characteristics such as education and income. Using a nationally representative Canadian survey (N = 27,223) conducted in 2013, this paper investigates whether religiosity has an independent effect on the digital divide, accounting for the previously validated predictors of Internet use. Religiosity is found to negatively associate with Internet access and activity, controlling for a large set of characteristics such as age, ethnicity, education, and income. The religiosity-related gaps in the usage patterns appear to indicate lifestyle differences for those without any tie with religion compared with the individuals of average religiosity. For the very religious, the gaps indicate that they utilize the Internet for social networking less than others. Various implications are discussed.     

Information policy in the European community: Balancing protection and competition

This article discusses European Community policy as it relates to information technology and the information industry. With the advent of a common market within Europe there is an increase in competition and the removal of national barriers. This process is slow and difficult to accomplish and is not yet complete. Markets have traditionally been fragmented by linguistic differences, as well as different standards and laws. An EC policy towards information and information technology industries has evolved since the 1960s. This policy has steered a difficult course between protectionism and liberalization. It is unclear whether or not the common European market will be sufficient on its own to foster a competitive information market and information technology industry. The European Commission has traditionally taken an interventionist role. In the field of EC information law many, but by no means all. issues have been confronted. The Commission's role is changing from giving significant grants for collaborative European research and development towards incentives to companies to increase their own research and development spending, and towards building information infrastructure.     

电子政务领域中文术语层次关系识别研究

数据驱动下,与日俱增的电子政务信息资源愈发表现出多源异构的特性,基于大规模语料设计一套电子政务领域内中文术语深度层次关系的自动化识别方案,不仅有利于从内容与结构层面弥补人工构建领域词表的不足,且对于我国政务信息资源的开放共享与后续应用更具有重大现实意义。因此,本文分别基于内容与结构双重视角识别电子政务主题词表内术语间的深层关联,通过谱聚类生成的基于内容的层次关系为初步框架,凭借形式概念分析生成的基于结构的层次关系为后期修正指导,以期构成兼顾关联术语召回率与准确率的电子政务领域术语本体。研究结果显示,电子政务术语本体的层次结构合理有效,且术语层次关系的评价结果表明知识本体具备良好的扩展性和延伸性。     

数字化背景下学术期刊融合发展研究

网络技术的迅猛发展,使数字出版成为出版业不可逆转的趋势和潮流,也使学术期刊的生存发展受到冲击.数字化背景下,学术期刊应认真思考自身发展优势,努力寻找新的发展模式.学术期刊的融合发展不失为学术期刊数字化发展的一种有益探索.具体探讨学术期刊融合发展的几种模式,旨在为学术期刊数字化发展提供新思路.     

Data in conservation: the missing link in the process

Abstract

There is a missing link in the strategic introduction of new materials in conservation, which lies between the identification of new processes/materials and their widespread use in conservation treatments. Clinical trials to monitor the results of treatment success provide an effective procedure to evaluate the conservation process. This is now possible due to the increasing power and widespread use in conservation laboratories of computers, which provide an analytical tool for evaluating and examining treatments and procedures. Information, such as object condition, is routinely generated during the conservation of objects. To use this information statistically, it has to be structured to answer specific questions. Medical professionals have already established epidemiological techniques as a means of evaluating patient health and treatment performance. These techniques can be applied to conservation questions to provide statistically valid answers. This is an important tool with which to judge and prioritize strategies in the conservation process.     

图书馆局域网P2P监控与管理

P2P在图书馆的大量使用影响了图书馆局域网的正常运行，利用防火墙、路由器以及专用软件均可监控P2P，其中采用防火墙是最有效的监控方法。同时图书馆作为信息服务机构，应发挥P2P优势，为读者提供更优质的信息服务。     

The Role of the Name Main-Entry Heading in the Online Environment

The name main-entry heading has been a source of controversy throughout the history of Anglo-American cataloging with debate being closely tied to author identification. It is not surprising that debate has gained momentum as the functionality of online library catalogs and the costs of cataloging are under increasing close scrutiny. Following an historical overview of the name or author main-entry heading, this article discusses the finding and identifying functions of online catalogs as they relate to authorship. The article concludes that the name main-entry heading is an essential component of online catalog citation displays through which catalog users decide the usefulness of retrieved cataloging records.     

Information and Referral in the Academic Library:

Information and referral (I & R), since its introduction as a concept of library service in the late 1960s, has received wthied eim apttoerntatinocne Ionf tIh e& pRu balisc a l ivbiraab ? e' sceotnticnegp.t Soifm aiclaard ermeciocg rneifteiorenn coef service has not occurred. Reasons for this may be linked to an attitude that "the public library serves and the academic library instructs." As the complexity of new information technologies engulfs the academic library, primary reliance on an instructional attitudc toward reference service is no longer adequate. The experience of I & R in the public library offers a more appropriate reference service model based on the direct provision of information that is often "value-added" to meet specific information needs of the user. Such lessons from the successful practice of I & R in the public library can provide a framework for academic library reference services as librarians reevaluate themselves in a changing academic library context.     

学术争鸣与社科情报的真善美

学术争鸣与社科情报的真善美马海群Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ａｃａｄｅｍｉｃａｒｇｕｍｅｎｔ，ａｓａｎａｃｔｕａｌｈａｎｄｌｅｆｏｒｍａｎｔｏｃｒｉｔｉｃｉｚｅｔｈｉｎｋｉｎｇｈａｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｅｐｉｓｔｅｍｏｌｏｇｙ，Ｉｔｉｓａ...     

Informatization,globalization, and privatization in the new Millenium

Informatization is the process through which the new communication technologies are used as a means for furthering socioeconomic development as a nation becomes more and more an information society. The informatization strategy in very recent years has provided an alternative to previous strategies of development communication. India is an example of such a shift, as the New Economic Policy of 1991 opened the nation's borders to global competition and encouraged a change from state‐owned institutions to private businesses. Several high‐technology cities like Bangalore and Hyderabad helped India become a major player in the computer software industry. The privatization of Indian television promoted consumerism, capitalism, and other Western values. One result of informatization is a growing digital divide between the majority of India's population versus the 100 million urban, elite information workers. Comparisons are made with Singapore's road to informatization.     

Peer training in expert searching: the observation effect.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to determine if searchers' observing each others' search processes is an effective training method and if sharing through observation can strengthen search skills. METHOD: A shared email account was established among all public services librarians conducting literature searches at the Ehrman Medical Library. Three questionnaires were sent to the public services librarians soliciting input on the shared-search process. The results were analyzed for this study. RESULTS: The shared-search process has helped searchers become more effective in searching. Colleagues' viewing of the search results is a major factor influencing the searchers' performance. CONCLUSIONS: Easy to implement, the peer-training model is an effective way to train searchers as well as help keep skills up to date.     

The Cochrane Collaboration: the role of the UK Cochrane Centre in identifying the evidence

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