儿童学习不良与教师支持策略

该文界定了儿童学习不良的内涵和特征，指出学习不良主要有三方面的症状表现，并在对导致儿童学习不良的原因进行分析的基础上，提出了具体的教师支持策略。     

学习不良儿童的心理健康特点及其学习心理辅导

学习不良是指个体的实际学业成就与根据其智力潜能期望达到的学业成绩之间的差异,这种差异达到一定标准时就是学习不良。本文归纳分析了学习不良儿童心理健康特点方面的研究,并在此基础上提出了学习不良儿童的教育与心理辅导策略。     

学习不良儿童的孤独感及其相关因素研究

目的:探讨学习不良儿童孤独感状况及其影响因素。方法:采用儿童孤独感量表、社会支持问卷、应对方式问卷和EPQ量表分别对96名学习不良儿童和102名一般儿童进行调查。结果:学习不良儿童孤独感得分高于一般儿童孤独感得分(t=3.02 P<0.01);学习不良儿童社会支持量表总分及各因子分均低于一般儿童(P<0.01);应对方式问卷的消极应对因子分及EPQ的精神质、神经质显著多于一般儿童(P<0.01)。相关分析表明:消极应对、社会支持及神经质个性是影响学习不良儿童孤独感的主要因素。结论:重视提高学习不良儿童的心理健康水平,减轻其孤独感。     

非智力因素造成学业不良学生的学习心理辅导

学习心理辅导是学校心理辅导的一个重要课题，学生中学习不良，往往是由于非智力因素不良造成的，为此，应从培养正确的学习动机、激发学习兴趣、养成良好的学习习惯、排除不良的情绪等方面，进行学习心理辅导。     

学习不良儿童信息加工特点和影响因素研究

根据学习不良儿童筛选标准 ,采用认知研究范式 ,运用自然实验法和教育实验法 ,以及量表法和访谈法等 ,对 1 2 2名学习不良儿童信息加工特点和影响因素进行了实证研究 ,同时通过个案研究和调查研究进行了定性分析。研究结果表明 ,学习不良儿童属于异质群体 ,其实质在于信息加工存在缺陷 ,且可以从一般信息加工或基本心理过程障碍和社会信息加工过程障碍 ,来研究其学业和社会性困难的心理机制。这可以为制定科学的学习不良儿童干预和矫治方案提供心理学依据。     

学习不良儿童的社会比较及教育启示

论述社会比较对学习不良儿童所产生的大鱼小池塘效应,以及学习不良儿童可能采取的防御性比较策略,以缓解同伴间的社会比较对其自我概念所产生的消极影响。对学习不良儿童的教育安置和教育方式提出建议。     

英语学习不良心理的分析与矫正

如何加强对后进生的研究和转化,提高英语教学质量,是当前英语教学中亟待解决的问题.在多年的教学实践中,我认识到后进生并不是天生的,而是主客观因素交叉作用的结果.作为教师,应该认真研究后进生的心理,有的放矢,对其不良心理进行矫正,只有这样才能搞好英语教学,提高教学质量.     

元认知理论与学习不良儿童研究

元认知理论为人们全面深入理解学习不良问题提供了一个新视角,它对理解学习不良儿童的内部加工问题和发展提高学业成绩的教学方法都具有重要意义。元认知是个体在学习过程中主动控制认知过程的高层次思维,它包括两类成分:一类是静态成分,分为知识和动机信念;另一类是动态成分,主要指元认知监测和控制。与一般儿童相比,学习不良儿童在元认知加工方面存在不同程度的缺陷;在具体学科领域,学习不良儿童静态和动态元认知成分也有不同的表现。对学习不良儿童的研究应以服务教育实践为目的,打破纯实验研究的范式,采用不同方法,从不同角度探讨学习不良儿童的元认知发展规律和作用机制。     

学习不良儿童研究综述

对学习不良最早的正式界定出自Kirkl962年。自20世纪80年代以来我国对于学习不良儿童的研究日益增多,学习不良儿童的教育问题受到广泛关注。我国对学习不良儿童影响因素的研究涉及的因素很多,如社会因素、家庭因素和个体因素等。国内研究者从智力结构、社会适应水平、家庭因素、自我概念等角度探讨儿童学习不良的问题。     

Impact of interactive online units on learning science among students with learning disabilities and English learners

The purpose of this study was to document the design, classroom implementation, and effectiveness of interactive online units to enhance science learning over 3 years among students with learning disabilities, English learners, and general education students. Results of a randomised controlled trial with 2,303 middle school students and 71 teachers across 13 schools in two states indicated that online units effectively deepened science knowledge across all three student groups. Comparing all treatment and control students on pretest-to-posttest improvement on standards-based content-specific assessments, there were statistically significant mean differences (17% improvement treatment vs. 6% control; p?相似文献   

Children's attitudes towards ADHD,depression and learning disabilities

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression and general learning disabilities (LD) are common difficulties for British primary school children. It has been found that characteristics associated with these difficulties can result in negative attitudes and stigma from other children, causing problems with peer relationships. Furthermore, problematic peer relations can intensify the difficulties associated with these disorders. Packages such as ‘Tackling Stigma: A Practical Toolkit’ aim to combat stigma in schools. However, these packages have not been based on evidence regarding children's attitudes towards different disorders. This study aims to explore children's attitudes towards ADHD, depression and LD from a conative (measure of social distance) and cognitive (measure of positive or negative attributes ascribed to a person) perspective. Participants were 273 children (M= 9.2 years). Vignettes were used to describe a child with ADHD, depression, or LD or a ‘normal’ child. The Shared Activities Questionnaire was utilised to assess conative attitudes, and the Adjective Checklist was utilised to assess cognitive attitudes. Results showed that children generally displayed more negative attitudes to vignettes describing mental health difficulties (MHD) (ADHD and depression) than LD. Children had more negative attitudes towards the ADHD (externalising disorder) vignette than the depression vignette (internalising disorder). Younger children had more positive conative attitudes than older children. Those who had previous contact with children with ADHD, depression and LD had more positive attitudes. These findings can enhance current stigma reduction interventions through contributing a deeper understanding of children's attitudes towards the most common MHD and LD in childhood.     

Quality job indicators for individuals with learning disabilities

This study identifies the quality job indicators and employer training required to provide appropriate support for students with learning disabilities (LD) to obtain and maintain employment. A consortium of collaborators was established from a university and state workforce commission grant project, a school district and 55 employers. Employers were trained to implement the quality indicators identified in literature found to support students with LD in paid employment while attending high school. The methodology consisted of gathering qualitative data from employer surveys and interviews reporting experiences and examining data results. Participants included 56 students with LD placed with 55 employers who had been trained in implementing the identified quality job indicators. Fourteen of the 21 quality job indicators were reported to be implemented by at least 90% of the employers. The quality indicators implemented are related to time expectations, on-the-job training, retraining, problem solving, supervision, verbal and written communication, flexible scheduling, breaks and positive reinforcement. The employers reported training in the use of the quality job indicators was effective in providing individuals with LD positive support in the workplace.     

小学数学学习障碍的教学策略研究

数学学习障碍作为众多学习障碍中的类型之一,其成因复杂表现类型多样,而小学阶段又是学生学习数学最基础最重要的黄金时期,所以对此要求教师要针对小学数学学习障碍的不同的形成原因和不同表现形式,对有数学学习障碍的学生采取相应的教学手段和教学方法进行因材施教,从而达到教师的教学效果和学生学习效果达到最优化的目标。     

Preferences of students with learning disabilities for alternative service delivery modes

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the preferences of students with learning disabilities regarding the location in which they receive help and the person from whom to get help. The attitudes of students with learning disabilities towards school as a function of the time they spend in the mainstream and their characteristics were also investigated. Results of the structured interviews and survey statements of 150 students indicated that they preferred receiving extra help in the special education class from the special education teacher. Students’ preferences for setting or teacher were not related to age, sex, IQ or academic achievement level, nor to the time students spent in the mainstream. The students expressed a positive attitude towards school in general, and towards their teachers, their classmates and the schoolwork in particular.     

The effect of using laptops on the spelling skills of students with learning disabilities

The current study examined the effect of using laptops on the spelling skills of students with learning disabilities (LD). It was conducted as part of the Israeli “Katom” (A Computer for Every Class, Student, and Teacher) Program. Participants included 93 Hebrew-speaking students with LD aged 13–16, who attend 10 special education classes in a regular middle school. We examined whether the experimental group using laptops showed significant differences in the number of their spelling errors as a result of the intervention on their pre- and post-spelling tests. We also investigated whether there would be differences on the number of spelling errors between the experimental and control groups, as measured by their pre- and post-spelling test results. The findings indicated that the participants in the experimental group significantly improved their spelling skills as opposed to the control group. It seems that the use of laptops in special education classes can enhance the spelling skills of students with LD.     

团体心理辅导对增强学业不良大学生心理弹性实验研究

本文首先分析了目前心理不良学生的群体情况,指出了他们存在的心理问题。为解决该问题,我们提出了要增强这些大学生的心理弹性,接着我们使用了团体心理辅导方法对学业不良大学生的心理弹性进行了辅导。从而得出结论,团体辅导作为一种有效的心理健康教育方式,在实际的教育中,能够有效增强学业不良学生的心理弹性。     

Subtraction by addition in children with mathematical learning disabilities

In the last decades, strategy variability and flexibility have become major aims in mathematics education. For children with mathematical learning disabilities (MLD) it is unclear whether the same goals can and should be set. Some researchers and policy makers advise to teach MLD children only one solution strategy, others advocate stimulating the flexible use of various strategies, as for typically developing children. To contribute to this debate, we compared the use of the subtraction by addition strategy to mentally solve two-digit subtractions in children with and without MLD. We used non-verbal research methods to infer strategy use patterns, and found that both groups of children switch between the traditionally taught direct subtraction strategy and subtraction by addition, based on the relative size of the subtrahend. These findings challenge typical special education classroom practices, which only focus on the routine mastery of the direct subtraction strategy.     

Exploring metacognitive strategy use during note-taking for students with learning disabilities

This mixed-methods study analysed over 200 interviews from 20 seventh-grade students with learning disabilities (LD). Students were instructed how to use a note-taking intervention during science lectures. The interview analyses were supported by pre- and post-intervention quantitative data. Data suggest that the intervention helped students identify important information; systematised the process of listening to, interpreting and using that information; and offered students a means by which to organise the information they were hearing. A discussion about metacognition and attention explores how these processes altered students’ awareness of their own learning, as well as how they equipped students with a new strategy for holding onto and translating information from their science lectures into a useful set of notes. These findings have implications for how theorists conceptualise the relationship between metacognition and attention and how teachers use scaffolding to support the learning of students with LD.     

Optimising web site designs for people with learning disabilities

Much relevant internet‐mediated information is inaccessible to people with learning disabilities because of difficulties in navigating the web. This paper reports on the methods undertaken to determine how information can be optimally presented for this cohort. Qualitative work is outlined where attributes relating to site layout affecting usability were elicited. A study comparing web sites of different design layouts exhibiting these attributes is discussed, with the emphasis on methodology. Eight interfaces were compared using various combinations of menu position (vertical or horizontal), text size and the absence or presence of images to determine which attributes of a site have the greatest performance impact. Study participants were also asked for their preferences, via a ‘smiley‐face’ rating scale and simple interviews. ‘Acquiescence bias’ was minimised by avoiding polar (‘yes/no’) interrogatives, achieved by asking participants to compare layouts (such as horizontal versus vertical menu), with reasons coaxed from those able to articulate them. Preferred designs were for large text and images. This was the reverse of those facilitating fastest retrieval times, a discrepancy due to preferences being judged on aesthetic considerations. Design recommendations that reconcile preference and performance findings are offered. These include using a horizontal menu, juxtaposing images and text, and reducing text from sentences to phrases, thus facilitating preferred large text without increasing task times.