球形超微粒的红外表面模理论

由于超微粉粒径比较小,从静电场出发,综述了超微球形颗粒的红外吸收特征,球形超微粒的是工外吸收主要是由表面模吸收,其吸收频率与外界环境有关,与微粒表面的覆盖层有关。     

表面增强红外光谱的研究进展

在表面科学和电化学领域,表面增强红外吸收光谱受到越来越多的关注,这源于其超高的信号灵敏度和简单的表面选律．对表面增强红外吸收光谱的研究主要采用3种光路进行：透射式、克里斯曼内部全反射式和外部全反射式．红外增强材料的制备分为2大类：千法制备和湿法制备,其中干法制备包括真空蒸镀法与电子溅射法,而湿法制备则包括电镀沉积和无电化学沉积,而纳米壳结构对于红外光具有调谐作用．同时,还介绍了表面增强的2种机理．     

无溶剂催化合成三硅氧烷聚醚改性物及其表征与性能

以烯丙醇聚醚与七甲基三硅氧烷为原料,用氯铂酸作催化剂,成功合成三硅氧烷聚醚改性表面活性剂．用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征,并测试其表面活性与流变性能．结果表明,三硅氧烷聚醚改性物的CMC（临界胶束浓度）为84．0mg／L,此时表面张力为20．9mN／m．     

球形超微粉粒的红外吸收谱

从理论上研究了超微粉的红外吸收谱。采用静电模型推导了超微粉对红外吸收的峰位，得出结论：对红外光的吸收与介质环境有关。     

金属镁超微粉的红外吸收模

本文对粒径不同的两种镁超微粉进行了结构、形貌和红外线吸收谱分析,以两种超微粉的红外吸收谱可以看出:红外吸收峰位随着超微粉粒径的增加移向高频。采用静电模型从理论上对实验现象进行了解释。     

推导球形液面产生的附加压强的一种方法

运用功能原理,借助表面能概念推导球形液面产生的附加压强。     

光盘表面材料三级红外光谱研究

采用红外光谱(IR)研究光盘表面材料分子结构.实验发现:光盘表面材料红外吸收模式包括:CH3不对称伸缩振动(ν_(asCH3)),CH_3对称伸缩振动(ν_(sCH3)),C=O伸缩振动(ν_(C=O)),C—O伸缩振动(ν_(C—O)),CH_3弯曲振动(δ_(CH3)),对位取代苯环伸缩振动(ν_(p-benzene))等,光盘表面材料的主要成分是聚碳酸酯.采用变温红外技术(TD-IR)进一步研究温度变化对光盘表面材料热稳定性的影响.研究发现:光盘表面材料中ν_(p-benzene-2)对应的官能团对于温度变化比较敏感.采用二维光谱技术(2D-IR),进一步研究了光盘表面材料ν_(p-benzene-2).实验发现:δ_(p-benzene-2)对应的的吸收频率包括1 506 cm~(-1)(δ_(p-benzene-2-A))和1 493 cm~(-1)(δ_(p-benzene-2-B)).随着测定温度的升高,光盘表面材料δ_(p-benzene-2)对应的吸收峰变化顺序为1 506 cm~(-1)(δ_(p-benzene-2-A))早于1 493 cm~(-1)(δ_(p-benzene-2-B)).     

表面改性纳米Al2O3电流变液的制备及性能

在水热反应条件下,采用十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）对纳米Al2O3进行表面改性处理,通过红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线衍射（XRD）等手段对表面改性的纳米Al2O3进行了表征;探讨了pH值、十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）用量对表面修饰效果的影响;对改性纳米Al2O3电流变液进行了性能测试．结果表明,采用SDBS对纳米Al2O3进行表面改性处理,要在中性环境下进行;SDBS含量占纳米Al2O3质量的2．0％左右时,可以获得表面修饰效果理想的纳米Al2O3粒子;SDBS的加入影响了纳米Al2O3颗粒的表面性质,使其与甲基硅油的润湿性大大提高,改性纳米Al2O3含量为30％的电流变液在2kV／mm的电场作用下静态剪切应力可达1．04kPa．     

甲酚红光度法测定痕量阳离子表面活性剂

在3．0mol／L H3PO4溶液中,甲酚红（MPR）分别与阳离子表面活性剂（CS）溴化十六烷基三甲铵（CTAB）和溴化十六烷基吡啶（CPB）形成离子缔合物,溶液均由橙色变为橙红色,从而使得溶液吸光度值发生改变,其最大吸收波长均位于519nm处．在优化实验条件下,吸光度变化值△A与CTAB和CPB浓度之间均符合比尔定律,摩尔吸光系数分别为1．05×10^5（CTAB）和1．00×10^5（CPB）L·mol^-1·cm^-1．该方法简便,快速,灵敏,用于合成水样中痕量阳离子表面活性剂的测定,结果较满意．     

液相化学法制备超细MoO_3研究

以仲钼酸铵和硝酸为原料,采用液相化学法制备超细MoO3.研究了表面活性剂类型及浓度对产物形貌的影响.结果表明,阴离子型表面活性剂的分散性能优于阳离子和非离子表面活性剂.在添加浓度为1.8mmol/L十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)时,能够制备出分散性较好、粒径为100nm左右的球形超细MoO3粉末.     

γ-Al2O3超细粉末制备及其在过氧化氢生物传感器中的应用

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活性炭负载金纳米颗粒复合材料的制备及吸附性能研究

通过改变反先驱体中氯金酸含量,用水热法实现不同数量金纳米颗粒在活性炭表面的负载。采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、红外光谱分析仪（IR）、同步热分析仪（TG）、比表面及孔径分析仪以及紫外可见吸收光谱（UV/Vis）对所得材料的形貌、组成和结构进行表征,并对其吸附性能进行研究。结果表明:采用水热法可实现不同数量金纳米颗粒在活性炭表面的均匀负载。负载金纳米颗粒在对活性炭组成影响不大的情况下能有效提升活性炭的热稳定性。随着负载量的增加,金纳米颗粒附着在活性炭的孔洞上引起比表面积和孔隙率逐渐减小。将活性炭负载金纳米颗粒的复合物对苯酚进行吸附处理,通过调整负载金纳米颗粒的数量可对活性炭吸附性能进行有效调控。     

Agglomeration Control of Ultrafine Y_2O_3-ZrO_2 and (MgO, Y_2O_3)-ZrO_2 Powders Synthesized by Coprecipitation Process

TheadventofstrongandtoughZrO2 basedce ramicshasgeneratedconsiderablescientificandtech nologicalinterestinthisclassofstructuralceram ics[1—3]. Nowfine grainedsinteredceramicscanbeproducedusingcommerciallyavailableultrafinepow ders,whichcanbesinteredtofulldensityatrelativelylowtemperatures. High qualityZrO2 powderisvitalforthesuccessfuldevelopmentofadvancedZrO2 ce ramics. Severalwetchemicalmethodshavebeende velopedforpreparationofsuchhigh purity, homoge neousandsinterableceramicspowders,…     

Preparation of ultrafine γ-Al2O3 particles in non-ionic water in oil microemulsions

Ultrafine γ-Al₂O₃ particles are synthesized in Triton X-100/n-hexanol/cyclohexane/water water in oil(w/o) microemulsion by mixing two separately prepared microemulsions containing Al(NO)₃ and (NH₄)₂CO₃ respectively. The ultrafine Al₂O₃ particles are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and their size and distribution are measured. The effects of water, surfactant and reactant concentrations on the particle size and distribution are studied. The results show that the particle size and distribution can be changed by varying the preparation conditions, and the size of the microemulsion droplets has a controlling effect on the size of the particles. A possible mechanism of ultrafine particles (UFPs) prepared by microemulsions is proposed.     

超细白炭黑表面改性研究

研究改性剂的种类、用量对白炭黑产品的粒度、白度、松容重、吸油率、比表面积、孔体积及颗粒形貌的影响.样品的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片表明,改性产品的原级颗粒仍为纳米级.     

Preparation of γ-Al2O3 ultrafine particles and its application in hydrogen peroxide biosensor

In this article, we illustrated the preparation method of γ-Al₂O₃ ultrafine particles. The particle size and morphology were decided by a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and crystal patterns were determined by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). γ-Al₂O₃ ultrafine particles have ultra characters in physics and chemistry, and the hydrogen peroxide biosensors based on it display not only fast response and high sensitivity, but also good stability.     

全脐点弯曲曲面及其上曲线的若干性质

本文论证了全脐点曲面必为球面或平面 ,并讨论了球面曲线的一系列性质 ,揭示了这类曲线的曲率和挠率之间的特殊关系 ,从而刻画出其几何特征。     

Preparation of Spherical FePO4 by Chemical Co-precipitation Combined with Spray-Drying

Well-shaped spherical agglomerates of FePO_4 particles were prepared by a novel method:chemical co-precipitation combined with spray-drying.Tap density analysis,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis,characterizations of X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the micron-sized spherical agglomerates with high specific surface area and high tap density were composed of the uniform nano-sized particles.The effects of pH and reaction time on the morphology of the FePO_4 particles were investigated by experimental and theoretical analyses.The analyses revealed that amorphous FePO_4 was responsible for forming a well-shaped spherical agglomerate,and the ideal spherical particles were obtained at pH 3.The reaction time also played a significant role in controlling the size and surface morphology of the FePO_4 particles,and smooth spherical FePO_4 particles were obtained at a reaction time of 6 h.By this novel method,poly-porous spherical iron phosphate particles were prepared,which can be used with high efficiency in some special fields,especially as a precursor for synthesizing LiFePO_4 and catalysts.     

Effect of Ultrafine particles on Flow Field and Transport Properties near the nterface Around a Moving Bubble

Laser Doppler Anemometer has been used to measure the flow field characteristics near the interface around a moving bubble in the presence of ultrafine particles. In order to model a moving bubble, the bubble was fixed into the counter-flow liquid by a metal mesh. Experimental materials are air and water, and the particles are complex oxidate powder. Experiments were carried out under the operating conditions: the liquid flow velocity u0 is 12.6 cm/s, the equivalent diameter de is 0.6 cm, the mass concentration of particle is 0.2%,the average particle diameter is about 10 nm and the density is 2 g/cm3. The velocity profiles of both frontal and tail-vortex areas were measured respectively. The experimental results show that the velocity fields are obviously changed in the existence of particles. In the frontal area of the bubble, both tangential and normal velocities decrease due to the presence of particles, but in tail vortex area, the tangential velocities increase remarkably, and normal velocities rise gradually from the center towards the fringe in the opposite tendency to that of no particles. The influences of flow field change in the presence of particles on gas-liquid mass transfer are analyzed and discussed.     

CFD Simulation of the Filtration Performance of Fibrous Filter Considering Fiber Electric Potential Field

Aiming at disclosing the quantitative effects of Coulomb forces on the filtration efficiency of aerosol particles, a three-dimensional random fiber model was established to describe the microstructure of fibrous filters. Then, computational models including the flow model, particle model, and electric field model were constructed to estimate the filtration efficiency using the Fluent custom user-defined function program, neglecting the non-uniformity of the fiber potential and the particle charge distribution. The simulation results using the established models agreed with the data in the literature. In particular, the electric field force was found to be one of the important factors required to improve the filtration efficiency estimation accuracy for the ultrafine particles. Moreover, the variation tendencies of the filtration efficiency and the pressure drop of fibrous filters were studied based on the influence factors of the fiber potential, particle charge-to-mass ratio, solid volume fraction, fiber diameter, and face velocity. The established models and estimated results will provide important guidance on the design of high-efficiency particulate air filters for aerosol particles.