浅谈如何提升小学生科学素养

为实现全面提升小学生科学素养的目标,本研究立足漳州市实验小学的科学教育实践,从探究型的科学课堂的构建、开展校本科技实践活动、与机构合作开办科学讲座、引入生命关怀课程等方面,探索提升小学生科学素养的方法.     

小学教育专业理科教学改革与学生科学素养的培养

师范教育由三级转向二级,培养小学新师资的任务已由高师承担。小学教师的培养要注重文理渗透,强调人文精神和科学素养的培养。为此,必须深刻认识科学素养的内涵,改革小学教育专业理科教学,加强师资队伍建设,科学设置理科课程,创新教学方法,实施探究性教学,强调实践教学环节,开展丰富多彩的科技活动,努力培养学生的科学素养,提高学生的科学素质。     

理科教育的重要任务——基础教育的“理、化、生”等学科要为提高国民的科学素养服务

科学素养包含三个方面的内容 ,一是科学知识和技能 ;二是科学方法和思维方法 ;三是科学精神和科学态度。公众的科学素养关乎综合国力 ,个人科学素养的高低还影响现代社会中人的生活质量。新一轮基础教育课程改革中 ,理科教育以“提高全体学生的科学素质”为目的。初中理、化、生、初中科学、小学科学等课程标准中对三个方面都提出要求 ,基础教育的“理、化、生”等学科要为提高国民的科学素养服务。     

从现代科学技术发展看基础教育的问题--张泽院士访谈录

教育问题是我国的基本国策问题,如何看待教育问题就是关注如何培养人的问题。现代科学技术飞速发展,要求新一轮基础教育改革的目标应定位于着重培养未来公民的科学素养,教导学生学会求知与学会做人。     

小学生的科学认识特点和教学策略——基于“小学生前科学概念研究”

"小学生前科学概念研究"项目获得关于小学生前科学概念的侦测数据,呈现出小学生科学认识特点。通过对这些侦测数据的分析,揭示出小学生在科学认识过程中感知觉、思维加工和社会环境影响方面的七大特点,即以自我为中心、突出明显特征性、表征联系性、间接因果性、直接类比性、经验技术性和横断性。针对这七大特点,分别进行了教学策略分析,提出一般性教学建议:从以自我为中心认识到科学的客观标准性;从突出明显特征性到对科学事物的全面认识;从表征联系性认识科学事物的结构与功能;从间接因果性认识科学现象间的因果关系;从直接类比性认识科学类比的严谨性;从经验技术性到认识科学内在规律性;从横断性到认识科学概念的意义。     

Enhancing Elementary Science Teachers’ Knowledge of Teaching: The Case of Designing and Implementing an Instructional Unit

This article provides a model for the professional development of elementary science teachers. The model focused on integrating different domains of knowledge into science teaching, including the knowledge of the science curriculum, especially scientific inquiry, teachers knowledge, and students knowledge. The two case studies in this article revealed that the teachers construct their knowledge in a social context. The constant reflections on the experiences helped them to generate alternative teaching approaches. The findings suggest that the model of the project had two functions. First, it provides a useful strategy to help science teachers to bridge the gap between theories of teaching and their own teaching practices. Second, it provides a social learning environment for learning how to teach science.     

课程改革视角下的高师学生科学知识现状与变革

小学科学课程的综合性课程形态对高师学生科学知识水平和知识结构提出了新的要求。本文首先分析了高师学生们的科学知识水平不能适应科学课程的现状;在分析小学科学课程的综合性、跨学科特点的基础上阐明小学科学课程对高师学生的要求,最后提出改变高师学生的科学知识水平和知识结构采取的具体教育方式。     

STS与基础科学教育

在各种的教育改革方案里，对于STS内容越来越多的引进，已成为一种趋势。然而，联系到我国目前教育界和学术界的现状，对有关的问题仍缺乏必要的了解和深入研究。根据若干国外的科学教育标准进行比较研究，关注的是在其中STS观念与内容的体现，以及在不同方案中表现出来的特点与差异，我们可以理解STS对于基础科学教育已经产生的影响，看到我国基础科学教育与国际相比较显示出的差距，从而对当前的认识与未来的发展都有重要的意义和借鉴作用。     

Teachers’ use of educative curriculum materials to engage students in science practices

New reform documents underscore the importance of integrating science practices into the learning of science. This integration requires sophisticated teaching that does not often happen. Educative curriculum materials – materials explicitly designed to support teacher and student learning – have been posited as a way to support teachers to achieve these ambitious goals, yet little is known about how elementary teachers actually use educative curriculum materials to support student engagement in science practices. To address this gap, this study investigated how five upper elementary teachers supported students to engage in science practices during an enactment of two curriculum units. Three of the teachers had units enhanced with educative features, informed by current research and reforms, while two of the teachers had units without these features. The teachers varied in how they supported students in the science practices of justifying predictions, constructing evidence-based claims, recording observations, and planning investigations. For example, some of the teachers with the educative features supported students in constructing evidence-based claims and justifying predictions in ways called for by the educative features. Implications for curriculum developers and teacher educators are discussed based on the patterns found in the teachers’ use of the educative curriculum materials.     

The Effects of a Kit-Based Science Curriculum and Intensive Science Professional Development on Elementary Student Science Achievement

The science achievement of 226 5th graders from districts that have a kit-based inquiry science curriculum supported by intensive professional development (PD) is compared with data from a group of 173 5th graders from other districts that use nonkit science materials and do not have systematic science PD for teachers. Within the kit-based project, the sample of project teachers is stratified to select teachers with a high number of science PD hours versus those with few hours. While there were no significant differences in the mean total scores for kit-based students with low PD versus high PD teachers, the kit-based classrooms scored significantly higher than students in nonkit classrooms on both the pretest and posttest, though there were significantly more minutes of science instruction in the nonkit classrooms. Finally, nonkit teachers taught more units of shorter length and reported lower levels of preparedness to use reform pedagogical approaches.     

Beginning Elementary Science Teachers: Developing Professional Knowledge During a Limited Mentoring Experience

The professional development project reported on in this paper, the Beginning Elementary Science Teachers' (BEST) project, was based on the premise that the first years of elementary science teaching can be very important in the development of long-term quality science teaching. Specifically, we report on project experiences that allowed 13 beginning teachers to interact with experienced teachers in a university seminar and during school visits. Results show that these limited mentoring experiences can support the development of professional knowledge and discussion centers on factors that facilitate knowledge growth. Conclusions are presented that compare benefits of these limited mentoring experiences to those reported to be achieved in long-term mentoring programs.