A new type of wave digital filter

This paper proposes a new wave digital filter derived from doubly terminated LC-ladder networks by replacing each series or shunt arm element of the ladder by its equivalent digital two-port. It is shown that such two-ports may be cascaded without the use of adapters defined by Fettweis (1). A number of realizations of the wave digital two-ports, which are canonic with respect to both multipliers and delays, have been obtained. Also a realization which is canonic with respect to multipliers only is given and an example considered using this realization. The sensitivity of this filter with respect to the multiplier coefficient changes due to finite word length is compared with the conventional cascaded digital filter and also the one proposed by Renner and Gupta. It is found that the proposed filter appears to be a more desirable form of implementation than the conventional cascade form and comparable to that of Renner and Gupta (2).     

无线通信系统中微带带通滤波器的谐波抑制方法

现代通信系统对滤波器的要求越来越严格,要求滤波器体积小、重量轻、制造成本低、性能好且稳定,而滤波器的谐波严重影响其性能。文章从滤波器多年的发展状况总结了几种谐波抑制方法,提出了一种利用三截面阶梯阻抗和过耦合技术结合的方法,使得阻带达到了5倍中心频率。     

基于Matlab的IIR数字滤波器设计

介绍了基于Matlab的IIR数字滤波器设计方法。先确定数字滤波器的性能指标,再按照一定的映射规则（冲激响应不变法或双线性变换法）变换成模拟滤波器的性能指标,然后采用一定的逼近方法（巴特沃斯型或切比雪夫型）设计模拟滤波器,最后将模拟滤波器按照同样的映射规则转变成数字滤波器。同时介绍了设计IIR数字滤波器常用的Matlab函数。通过Matlab实验仿真,利用介绍的数字滤波器的设计方法,成功地设计出了满足预定指标的各型IIR数字滤波器。     

知识创造的云块突变模型研究

使用突变理论和CBFKC模型解释隐性知识(知识云)转换到显性知识(知识块)的转换过程,提出隐性知识云转换到显性知识块的一般转换模型,并在此基础上研究餐饮行业中企业自身知识创造的模型,为企业实践活动奠定理论基础。     

基于数据可重用的运动估计低功耗VLSI实现

块匹配全局搜索算法(FSBM)是效果最好的运动估计算法,但是由于它庞大的运算量限制了它的应用,特别是在数字多媒体终端等对实时性和功耗要求比较高的应用场合。针对这种情况,作者提出的处理结构结合了数据重用和低功耗技术,使得该结构的功耗比传统的全局搜索结构降低50%的功耗,数据可重用性大为提高,确保了每个数据只需被读取一次,这样就确保了较少的I/O端口数和片上内存,同时实现100%的硬件资源利用率。     

Two-dimensional casual filter approximation using a strictly causal filter

A technique is developed for approximating a two-dimensional (2-D) causal recursive digital filter using a strictly casual filter. This is done via singular value decomposition of two finite Hankel matrices and a certain mapping technique. Since the resulting filter is simpler than a causal filter and it is separable in the denominator, the implementation is advantageous and the stability check is very easy. An example is given to illustrate the utility of the proposed technique.     

基于混沌和分维的盲水印算法

把分形维数理论应用到数字水印中,提出了基于Chebysher混沌置乱和分形维数的自适应数字图像水印算法。首先将载体图像分块,计算每个小块的分形维数。然后将载体图像进行分块DCT变换,使用改进的邻域平均法,将经过混沌置乱后的水印信息嵌入到图像的DCT域中,并根据该小块的分形维数调节嵌入强度,实现了水印信息的自适应嵌入。提取水印时,实现了完全盲提取。MATLAB仿真结果表明,该算法具有较好的不可见性,对常见的图像处理攻击具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Direct design of recursive digital filters based on a new stability test

In this paper we present an alternative approach to the direct design of 1-D recursive digital filters satisfying prescribed magnitude specifications with or without constant group delay characteristic. This method uses an iterative method to calculate the coefficients of the filter's transfer function and guarantees the stability of the designed filter using a new stability test reported by Ramachandran and Gargour. To illustrate the usefulness of the technique, examples are given.     

第八届全运会女排比赛拦网失误原因分析

拦网是排球比赛中的重要环节,也是排球这项运动里不好掌握的技术。比赛中,运动员拦网水平的高低,直接影响着每一场比赛的结果。文章通过对第八届全运会女排比赛中拦网失误原因分析,指出拦网的重要性并总结出如何进一步提高拦网技术的方法。     

Chain matrix decompositions,continued fractions and the optimal inhomogeneous ladder networks

Studies of two-element-kind ladder networks are well known in the classical literature, among them, the most celebrated ones are due to Cauer. Driving point immittance function synthesis by using continued fractions to obtain the series and shunt arm L-C element values is a standard and routine work. The idea of introducing a class of more general networks, the inhomogeneous ladder networks, was first developed by Lee and Brown, and subsequently the synthesis techniques of such a network were established.In this paper, new results are found such as: (1) the Iff. conditions of the existence of an inhomogeneous ladder network by a given chain matrix of the network satisfying: (a) determinant of the chain matrix is 1; (b) the zeros of A(s) and z^?1B(s) or A(s) and y^?1C(s) alternate with respect to [z(s)y(s), k] with an appropriate leading set of zeros of A(s); (c) the poles of A(s) and z^?1B(s) or A(s) and y^?1C(s) are the poles of z(s)y(s) of multiplicity of n and n?1, where n the number of sections of ladder networks; (2) the Iff. condition for the inhomogeneous ladder network to be optimal is that it be antimetrical, whereas for the extended class of inhomogeneous ladder networks it is symmetrical, where an optimal inhomogeneous ladder network is defined as the corresponding network with the minimum sum of immittance levels in the series and shunt arms; (3) algorithms of synthesis procedures were developed as the by-products of the Theorems.     

当前中国经济的“灰犀牛”和“黑天鹅”

在经历了长期高速增长以及国际经济形势转变以后,中国经济面临着较为严重的系统性风险。中国政府对此予以高度重视,提出既防"黑天鹅",也防"灰犀牛"。文章对中国经济面临的"灰犀牛"和"黑天鹅"进行了分析,认为当前最大的"灰犀牛"是不断膨胀的整体债务和高企的杠杆率,当前的"黑天鹅"是难以预测的外部猛烈冲击。导致"灰犀牛"奔跑的两大潜在因素是经济下滑和利率攀升,而"黑天鹅"通过贸易渠道引爆"灰犀牛"是当前的最大风险。     

基于伪差分结构跨导器的Gm-C复数滤波器设计

提出了一种可以灵活配置共模反馈模块的伪差分结构跨导器.跨导器具有高线性度以及高输入动态范围,输入输出共模可以设置在同一电平,能方便用于滤波器级联设计.提出了一种频率控制方法,用于实现复数滤波器中心频率的自动调节.该频率调谐电路主要由基本数字电路和一个振荡器构成,与传统的锁相环结构相比,更加适合在低功耗应用场合.基于该方法,设计了一个3阶巴特沃斯Gm-C复数滤波器并采用Chrt35dg 2P4M CMOS工艺进行流片.试验结果表明,该滤波器能够达到足够的镜像抑制能力来满足IEEE802.15.4协议的要求.     

黑河上游地区基流分割及其变化特征分析

基流是枯水期河川径流的主要来源,是一种比较稳定的径流组成部分,对于干旱内流河流域水文模拟和水资源开发利用至关重要。本文基于1979年-2008年莺落峡水文站的实测流量资料,采用数字滤波法中的单参数数字滤波法和递归数字滤波法对内陆河流域黑河上游的流量过程进行了基流分割研究。探讨了黑河上游年基流量和基流指数BFI的年内与年际变化特征,以及不同水平年基流指数BFI变化规律。研究表明,黑河上游基流量年内变化为先增后减,峰值出现在8月份,基流指数则是先减后增,6月份最小。受气温升高和融雪径流影响,黑河上游基流量年际变化呈增加趋势,而基流指数呈减少趋势。在不同水平年,枯水年份的平均基流指数BFI为O．577,平水年为0．551,丰水年为0．521。     

Solution of integral equations using a set of block pulse functions

A set of the block pulse functions is applied to solve the Fredholm's and the Volterra's integral equations of the second kind. An algebraic equation in matrix form which is equivalent to the solution of the integral equation is developed. The approximate results are easily obtained by a few computations. An accurate solution canbe evaluated in a digital computer by solving the algebraic equation. Two examples are given.     

Intelligent chatbot interaction system capable for sentimental analysis using hybrid machine learning algorithms

Chatbots actively help the human user through digital conversation through NLP based on artificial intelligence (AI). It can be pre-trained to understand the user's queries and produce an immediate response in NLP. The user input of the chatbot is any format like voice, text, sentiments, etc. Many research works have been implemented. The issues of existing works are that during the digital conversation, it does not accurately identify the user's requirement, it may go irrelevant to the user's query, and also, primarily, it is voice-based and faces hitches in the analysis of the user's intention, unable to track the context in long-conversation. Therefore, for understanding the context, sentimental calculations are essential. This paper proposed to make the immediate response of users in the chatbot by using Bi-directional Recurrent Neural Network with a Fuzzy Naïve Bayes classifier (BRNN-FNB). This paper aims to build chatbot models with AI-based sentimental analysis, which helps humans to perform accurate interactions. The working concept of chatbots is based on two forms of artificial intelligence domains: machine learning and natural language processing. It may be used in many applications like digital marketing, education, and online forums. The accuracy rate of the proposed work BRNN-FNB got 93% using the Seq-to-Seq technique. And also, the accuracy rate of the proposed work BRNN-FNB without using Seq-to-Seq got 92%.     

Block implementation of two-dimensional digital filters

A novel principle known as block transformation is developed for the block implementation of two-dimensional (2-D) digital filters. It employs the one-dimensional (1-D) block implementation concept forwarded by Burrus (7) as a basic tool. Using this block transformation principle three distinct forms of 2-D block equations are derived. The generalized nature of the approach presented here facilitates the straightforward extension of this technique to higher dimensional digital filters.     

Synthesis of singly-terminated ladder networks by multivariable array using homogeneous polynomials

This paper discusses a multivariable array whose elements are multivariable homogeneous polynomials which may have missing terms in any of the variables. This array permits one to obtain conditions for the realizability of a driving-point function or a transfer function as a resistively terminated low-pass ladder network. By reac- tance transformations, other forms of ladder structures can be obtained. The case of cascade-separable ladder networks is discussed in detail.     

Generalized filtering of one-sided Lipschitz nonlinear systems under measurement delays

This paper addresses the filtering problem for the one-sided Lipschitz nonlinear systems under measurement delays and disturbances using a generalized observer. A generalized architecture for filtering of the one-sided Lipschitz nonlinear systems with output delays is explored, which exhibits diverging manifolds, namely, the conventional static-gain filter and the dynamical filter, and can be employed to render robust stability of the filtering error dynamics. A matrix inequality based framework is obtained by employing a Lyapunov?Krasovskii (LK) functional, whose derivative is exploited through Jensen's inequality, one-sided Lipschitz condition, quadratic inner-boundedness inequality and range of the measurement delay, resulting into L₂ stability for the filtering error system. Generalized filter design for the Lipschitz nonlinear systems with delayed outputs and specific results for the delay-dependent and delay-rate-independent filtering schemes for the one-sided Lipschitz nonlinear systems are deduced from the proposed approach. Convex optimization techniques are employed to achieve a solution for the nonlinear constraints through linear matrix inequalities by employing cone complementary linearization approach. Illustrative numerical examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method are provided.     

Noise reduction based on iterative hybrid vector filter and detail correction employing correlation among RGB components

One of the important image processing tasks is to effectively reduce a noise from a digital image while keeping its features intact. In this paper, a new noise removal method for color images corrupted by the mixture of the impulsive and Gaussian noises is proposed. In the proposed method, firstly, a tentative output image, in which the noise is removed almost perfectly, is obtained by using the iterative robust switching vector median-based vector $\epsilon \mathrm{-}\mathrm{filter}$, which is realized by hybridizing the robust switching vector median filter and the vector $\epsilon \mathrm{-}\mathrm{filter}$ and is newly proposed here. Then the residual components between the input and the tentative output images are calculated, and image components constituting edges, corner and other image details are extracted from the residual components by using the correlation characteristic in RGB components. Consequently, a final output is obtained by adding the extracted image components into the tentative output image. The effectiveness and the validity of the proposed method are verified by some experiments using the natural color images.     

技术梯度、市场梯度与制造业产业追赶绩效

在以中国为典型的大型后发新兴经济体中,本土企业的追赶具有独特的后发优势：供给端存在连续的技术层级,需求端具备多层次的市场空间。本研究提出技术梯度、市场梯度两个构念,用以反映大型新兴经济体追赶中技术维和市场维的独特产业情境特征,并探索其对产业间追赶绩效差异的解释力。基于中国制造业26个行业2001-2007年的面板数据,检验了技术梯度、市场梯度以及它们与技术努力强度的交互作用对追赶绩效的影响。结果表明：技术梯度和市场梯度对产业追赶绩效均有着显著的促进作用;相较于技术努力强度较大或较小的情况,在技术努力强度适中的产业里,技术梯度和市场梯度对追赶绩效的影响更强。该发现对产业追赶具有重要理论和现实意义。