高校体育教师与其他教师学历、专业技术职务结构比较

对广东省10所高校的体育教师与部分其他学科教师的学历层次和专业技术职务(即职称)结构进行比较,结果表明:体育教师的学历层次普遍偏低,具有硕士以上学历的教师比例偏少,学历结构不够合理;同时,体育教师与同一学校其他学科教师的职称结构相比,体育教师中高职称比例偏低.这些状况一定程度上制约了高校体育工作的开展,与高等教育的发展不相适应.提出解决这些问题的建议.     

江西省高校体育人力资源现状及策应研究

通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法、专家访问等方法对江西高校近年来体育人力资源的现状进行了调查,包括体育教师人数、职称、学历、年龄、教师专项比例以及教师稀缺等方面,结果显示：江西高校体育教师人数与学生数缺额比例较大;教师职称比例分布与国家整体水平失衡;体育教师学历分布不均,体育博士人才稀少;教师年龄分布呈现出年轻化...     

高校青年体育教师心理健康的成因与对策

随着社会化教育事业的飞速发展和高等学校改革的深化，体育教育事业也不断进步，特别是高校人事制度的改革，使广大青年教师面临更激烈的竞争。目前高校对青年教师学历、能力等都提出了更高的要求，相比之下，青年体育教师在学历等方面比其它教师面临更大的心理压力。因此。本文分析了高校青年体育教师心理不健康问题产生的原因，以及对怎样增进青年体育教师的心理健康提出几点建议。     

普通高校体育教师继续教育的必要性与方法

继续教育在成人教育中作为一个术语,具有特定的涵义,专指本科后的在职培训。它是大学教育的延伸、补充、扩大和发展。根据原国家教委对教师的要求进行推测,大学教师应具备硕士或硕士学位以上的学历资格。然而,从目前我国普通高校体育教师的学历来看,达到要求者仅２．８％;即使是一些体育学院专业教师学历达标率也只有４．２７％,这与高校体育教师的地位和作用不相称。高校体育教师是高校体育工作的施动主体,担负着培养各个领域的高级专门人才的重任。因此,应把高校体育教师的继续教育,提高其学历达标率作为师资建设的重点。１高校…     

山东省高校体育教师继续教育观念、行为及行为动机的现状调查

采用问卷调查法、数理统计法等,对山东省高校体育教师继续教育观念、行为及行为动机现状进行研究表明:从年龄、学历、职称结构看,山东高校体育教师需加强继续教育培训。教师参加继续教育培训主要目的反映在进行学历补偿,评职晋级以及改善知识结构体系等。学校缺乏优惠政策、个人工作和学习时间矛盾、经济负担过重等主客观因素是目前影响体育教师参加继续教育的突出问题和制约教师参加继续教育培训的主要障碍。对此提出整改建议,尽快与体育教育改革接轨,培养出新时期合格的师资队伍,以实现高校体育教育的目标。     

走向贯通:新世纪体育教师教育的发展观

社会及体育教育事业的发展对体育教师的素质提出了更高的要求,教师专业化是未来体育教师的发展趋势和潮流,体育教师教育已成为当前教育改革中急需解决的新课题,在体育教师教育过程中要实现文理、一般教师教育与学科教师教育、职前与职后、学历与非学历、教学与科研、师范与非师范、学校与社会的贯通。     

我国普通高校体育师资队伍结构现状与发展对策

采用文献资料调研、问卷调查和数理统计法，从整体性、综合性角度，对我国部分普通高校体育教师的年龄结构、职称结构、学历层次结构进行了调查和分析。结果表明，目前我国普通高校体育师资队伍的年龄结构趋向年轻化，高职称教师的年龄有所下降，但还存在一些亟待解决的问题，如高校体育教师队伍学历偏低，45岁以下的中青年教师中高职比例偏低，体育教师的收入偏低等，针对存在的问题提出了完善体育师资队伍建设的对策与建议。     

浅谈我国新体育课程改革面临的阻力

新一轮体育与健康课程改革已取得骄人的成绩,但是研究表明,我国体育课程改革的推广实施面临几方面的阻力。包括体育教师职前培养、职后培训的欠缺;部分教师学历水平偏低;现实条件制约教师教学行为转变等。建议：重视体育教育专业的课程改革;建立体育教师继续教育课程体系、探索职前职后教育一体化、提高教师学历;切实保证经费;缓解师资缺乏,加强人性化管理,提高教师生活水平。     

江苏省中学体育教育现状及对策研究

目前，江苏省中学体育教师的年龄和职称结构基本合理，但女教师比例较小，学历层次偏低。中学体育课教学情况基本正常，但课外体育活动时间不足，导致学生每天进行体育锻炼的时间不到1小时，体育场地器材缺乏。江苏省中学的体育教学仍没有摆脱应试教育的模式，体育教师对体育教学的目标还停留在传授“运动技能”上，体育教师中有一定比例的教师师德素质较差。对江苏省中学体育教学的改革和中学体育教师的继续教育已势在必行。     

中山市初中体育教师专业化现状与需求的调查分析

对中山市24所初中的体育教师在编情况、师生比例等基本现状进行调查,分析初中对体育教师在毕业院校、专业特长、学历、能力等方面需求情况。旨在了解中山市体育教师的基本现状和需求情况,从而为整体提高和发展中山市体育教师专业水平,打造高质量体育师资队伍,不断提高和发展中山市初中体育教育教学质量提供参考依据和发展对策。同时,也为现高校体育毕业生的就业提供一定的参考。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

对欧洲足球技战术发展趋势的思考

结合欧洲足球技战术的发展特点,就鲁能泰山足球队的体能训练、技术训练、防守阵型、进攻方式、定位球、职业态度、球星培养等诸方面所存在的不足进行了分析,提出相应的改进意见。