科研实体名称规范的关联数据模型构建

[目的/意义]旨在研究将国家科技图书文献中心(National Science and Technology Library,NSTL)的科研实体名称规范数据发布为关联数据的难点——关联数据的数据模型。科研实体名称规范数据的数据模型研究,有助于NSTL科研实体数据的共享、互联、质量提升,融入到互联网中,同时也为其他机构使用、发布关联数据提供模型参考。[方法/过程]首先,分析比较国内外关联数据发布项目中所采用的数据模型,发现关联数据发布项目中的数据模型主要分为以Schema.org为核心和多种标准词表组合两类;结合NSTL名称规范数据的特点,设计两种形式的关联数据模型,并从关联数据模型对名称规范数据的表达程度、模型复杂度等角度进行比较,选择较优方案;最后以D2RQ为工具进行实验,将NSTL名称规范的样例数据发布为关联数据。[结果/结论]分析发现两种方案中以Schema.org为核心标准词表的方案相对于多种标准词表组合的方案有较优的表达完整度、较低的模型复杂度,更易于融入互联网,因此更适合作为NSTL名称规范数据的关联数据模型。     

基于知识组织体系的多维语义关联数据构建研究

文章简要分析知识组织体系与关联数据的区别与联系,介绍了可在不同层次进行语义关联描述的本体模型和专业叙词表。面向科研创新信息需求,应用通用本体和农业科学叙词表等知识组织体系,建立了覆盖知识组织体系、科技文献和科学数据等多类资源的多维语义关联描述框架,实现了从资源的外部属性特征到内容层面的规范描述与语义关联。最后,以农业领域的信息资源为例,基于开源工具D2R,完成了关系型数据库中多类资源向多维语义关联数据的语义映射、自动转化与关联构建。     

国家叙词库的体系结构与数据模型

国家叙词库是我国叙词表资源集成与服务系统,体系结构包括三层:数据获取与转换层、存储与语义集成层、服务与应用层。数据获取与转换层实现叙词表数据的采集、规范描述和格式转换;语义集成采用中心词表集成模式,顶层为分类表和本体,中间为概念层,底层为基础词库;服务方面,采用渐进服务思路,提供不同颗粒度和不同语义层次的数据服务。叙词表宏观结构方面,将叙词表及其各组成部分作为独立概念体系,通过描述概念体系间的关联,表达叙词表宏观结构;微观结构方面,将概念和词汇分别作为描述对象,词汇作为概念标签,在概念层面描述语义属性,在词汇层面描述非语义属性。基于DC元数据框架设计叙词表元数据方案,基于SKOS+XL设计概念和词汇描述的元数据方案。图3。表3。参考文献19。     

LCSH,SKOS 和关联数据

论述将美国国会图书馆MARCXML格式的主题标目转换为SKOS(RDF编码格式)的技术方法。着重阐述SKOS词表的优势、可能的扩展方向以及与其他语义网词表的整合,如都柏林核心集。还介绍一个利用关联数据（Linked Data）技术在网上发布词表的Web应用。     

关联数据发布流程与关键问题研究——以科技文献、科学数据发布为例

本文结合中国科学引文数据库和中国生态系统研究网络通量数据的关联数据发布,以关联数据的发布技术框架为研究对象,采取实例阐释的方法,提出了关联数据发布过程中可参考的标准化流程,并详细分析了其中的关键问题.研究表明,关联数据发布流程可以分解成数据建模、实体命名、实体RDF化、实体关联化、实体发布、开放查询六个关键步骤,发布过程中需要考虑到多语种问题、值词表的发布、RDF词表的发布等关键问题.关于利用D2R Server发布数据,本文建议:不要采用空白节点;尽量做好关系型数据库的前期设计;指定非文本属性的数据类型;适当进行实体表的拆分与合并.     

敦煌壁画叙词表构建与关联数据发布

叙词表在知识组织中发挥着重要作用,然而敦煌壁画领域叙词表的缺失,限制了敦煌壁画研究及其价值的挖掘。通过建立一套规范、全面的敦煌壁画领域叙词表,可以为网络环境下敦煌壁画数字资源语义标注、信息检索和知识组织等提供智力和技术支撑。本文详细阐述敦煌壁画叙词表的构建与其关联数据发布过程,采用自顶向下与自底向上相结合的领域叙词表构建方法,提高叙词表建设效率的同时保证叙词表的高质量。在此基础上,研究实现敦煌壁画叙词表关联数据发布和可视化,与外部词表进行语义关联,并提供开放数据服务。敦煌壁画叙词表的构建和编制,可促进敦煌壁画领域数字人文应用的开发,也为我国文化遗产领域受控词表的建设提供了重要参考和借鉴。图8。表5。参考文献40。     

词表生态系统:构成要素及关联关系

词表通过为数据添加明确的语义,推动了结构化数据网络的形成与发展。从数据生态、开放数据生态系统到关联数据生态系统的演化,以词表、信息技术、资源、人等要素共同构成的词表生态系统随之产生,同时推动着词表功能的扩大,词表价值的提升,以及关联数据生态系统的高质量发展。本文综合分析国内外研究文献,结合生态系统的理论与方法,对词表生态系统的基本构成进行详细分析,从各构成要素的功能角度讨论其对词表所造成的影响,认为高质量词表应从语义、语法、可获得性、互操作层面入手进行建设。在此基础上,深入剖析词表责任人、词表与词表、词表与数据集之间所产生的各种关系,展示以词表为核心所形成的纵横交织网络的特征,以了解词表数据集网络呈现的关联性,总体把握词表生命周期链条中各责任人彼此关联、环环相扣的态势,共同推动词表质量及价值的提升。图2。表1。参考文献15。     

基于受控词表互操作的集成词库构建研究

目前,国内外信息领域都在致力于受控词表的互操作研究.本文以教育类数据为例,通过对检索语言互操作技术的研究,借鉴国内外实现不同受控词表之间互操作的经验和方法,建立一个以<中分表>为核心的兼容体系,即建立一个可以不断扩充的集成词库.为了便于浏览和使用词库数据,采用单机模式、XML格式及本体构建工具对词库兼容数据进行可视化显示,进而为用户提供各种服务.     

资源描述中的词表重用类型与实现方式

为提高资源描述的规范化及标准化,提升资源之间的互操作能力,各类型词表不断被创建及使用,词表重用已成为资源描述中的关键问题。本文从资源描述的基本结构出发,基于数据模型和资源标注两个阶段对词表层、模式层及数据层进行详细分析;探讨词表层、概念层两种重用类型,认为当前用户更关注于词表层重用,概念层重用将随着词表生态环境的完善得到进一步发展;以数据模型中的类与属性为划分对象,以RDF三元组形式入手对词表重用实现方式进行深入研究,有助于明确各种方式之间的差异性及适用环境,能够有效地指导用户运用已有词表对数据集的类、属性及其取值范围进行准确描述,从而提升数据集的质量。图2。表1。参考文献16。     

中文叙词表的语义化转换

[目的/意义]随着语义网与关联数据的兴起与发展,采用SKOS语言对叙词表进行语义化描述成为主流,这为叙词表在网络上的发布、共享以及在网络环境下的应用提供新的契机。[方法/过程]以《汉语主题词表》为例,对中文叙词表的语义化表示、验证和关联数据发布进行探索。首先,制定基于SKOS、SKOS-XL和SKOS扩展的叙词表语义化表示方案, 实现对叙词表的无损语义描述, 开发基于N-Triples格式的词表语义化转换程序, 使大规模词表的语义化转换更加简单高效;其次,采用新兴的SPIN框架对语义化词表的完整性进行验证, 为SKOS词表的正确性与合法性提供保证;最后,采用“Jena TDB+Fuseki+Pubby”的组合将SKOS/RDF词表数据在网络上发布为关联数据,并开发词表关联数据检索界面。[结果/结论]实验结果表明,采用本文的方法能够实现整个《汉语主题词表》的高效语义化转换、验证与发布,促进中文叙词表在网络上的共享与应用。     

Politicking for the Public Library

ABSTRACT

In today's current political environment raising support for millage renewals, bond campaigns or even millage continuations for public libraries is affected by national politics, and a tendency towards tax aversion on principle across the country. The lessons we can learn from the governing boards of small and rural public libraries are worth raising up to a greater national consciousness. Board governance, community consciousness, and facilities management are clear and logical tools that elected boards of public libraries can use to politick for support of libraries.     

British Writings on Romania: From Travel Accounts to Studies

This article surveys a sample of sources of the information about Romania available to British readers in nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals. It traces first contacts between the Romanian lands and Britain after the union of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia in 1859, then after their independence from the Ottoman Empire. The article highlights an increased Romanian interest in British periodicals, which reported and reviewed Romanian literature and scholarship. The article concludes that nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals offer a great variety and wealth of new material previously unavailable or unknown to researchers. It also states that only a portion of a large quantity of this material has been indexed and is therefore available via the bibliographic sources mentioned in the article. The author argues for the need of a new and updated British-Romanian bibliography, which can draw on new online resources offering access to thousands of new newspapers and periodical records.     

Architectures of Knowledge and Literary Tradition: A History of the Almanac in Croatia

ABSTRACT

The history of the almanac in Croatia is reconstructed through primary research in bibliographic and archival sources. The almanac is a vehicle for knowledge communication in informal contexts, engaging both oral tradition and literary forms traceable to medieval literacy and ways of structuring knowledge. The history of the almanac in Croatia reflects the changing context of the book trade, literacy, and the evolution of language. Four main stages are identified: (1) the beginning of the annual almanac in the seventeenth century; astrological almanacs reflecting the sensibility of the Baroque period; (2) the Enlightenment's stimulation of almanac publishing in the spirit of contemporary secular reforms in agriculture and education; (3) nineteenth-and twentieth-century almanac trade, showing complex and overlapping networks for the production, distribution and appropriation of printed almanacs;(4) roughly the end of World War II, when the almanac slowly moved out of the role of a popular mass medium and into specialized niches represented by regional, diaspora, and religious almanacs.     

Slavic Approval Plans: What Works and What Doesn't

ABSTRACT

The paper looks at library approval plans for material published in Slavic, East European, and Eurasian countries from the selector's point of view. Reasons why a selector would or would not want one are examined. Success with approval plans requires monitoring receipts, as well as good and ongoing communication among the selector, the acquistions department, and the vendor. A preliminary list of vendors offering approval plans for the countries of the region appears in the appendix.     

How Digital Content Resellers are Impacting Trade Book Publishing

Some key questions for publishers in today’s market are: Could Amazon’s recent merger and acquisitions strategy create a disruptive or paradigm shifting business model in the publishing industry? Do their recent actions post mergers and acquisitions illustrate a predicable pattern of behaviour that publishers can strategize around? This paper will explore these questions and look at some of the possible reasons behind Amazon’s business practices and the possible consequences to publishers.     

Germany's New Culture of Welcome—Our Libraries are an Essential Part of it

ABSTRACT

German authorities are expecting more than 1 million refugees by the end of 2015. These people come to Germany to seek protection and assistance and to build a new life, therefore it is important to welcome them and to assist them in their integration as soon as possible. This situation creates a versatile and perfectly fitting opportunity for cultural and educational programs, including libraries, which can play a vital role in this integration process. The key to integration is the knowledge of the German language, and the most important challenge now is to teach the necessary language skills to as many asylum-seekers as possible.     

Syndicating Rich Bibliographic Metadata Using MODS and RSS

Abstract

Many libraries use RSS to syndicate information about their collections to users. A survey of 65 academic libraries revealed their most common use for RSS is to disseminate information about library holdings, such as lists of new acquisitions. Even though typical RSS feeds are ill suited to the task of carrying rich bibliographic metadata, great potential exists for developing applications that can exploit metadata exposed to Web services via RSS. Using the MODS metadata format, entire catalog records can be seamlessly embedded in RSS 2.0 feeds. Existing tools, such as Library of Congress Java toolkits and XSLT stylesheets, can facilitate this process, while a new XSLT stylesheet may be used to create the RSS feeds complete with MODS records. As an example of the added functionality these MODS/RSS feeds can offer, records from a MODS-enriched RSS feed can be ingested into a non-RSS application such as Zotero. As more emerging library technologies use Web services architectures to handle data objects, the ability to syndicate catalog records will become more critical to providing innovative library Web services.     

由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变——对武汉科技信息服务平台建设的思考

为进一步提升武汉科技信息共享服务平台使用效率,本文从平台资源建设、资源应用、供需对接方式和供需特点等方面分析了武汉科技信息资源服务现状;基于需求和利用的角度,结合平台管理实践和走访用户、问卷调查等研究方法,从信息资源需求主体和平台自身建设管理两个维度,找出制约科技资源供需对接的主要因素;以市场化和制度化为创新理念,从政策创新、机制创新、市场化服务、环境营造、人才培养等方面提出平台建设由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变的对策建议.     

Selling Women on PDAs from “Simply Palm” to “Audrey”: How Moore's Law Met Parkinson's Law in the Kitchen

This essay investigates key moments in the history of personal digital assistant (PDA) marketing to women. Analyzing promotional texts for three PDAs that received considerable press coverage from 1999 to 2001, this essay explores the cultural significance of the convergence of anxieties about women's place in the gendered division of labor with the computer industry's changing marketing imperatives. Drawing on an array of promotional texts, including news articles, press releases, promotional Web sites, and ads appearing in newspapers and magazines, this paper tells the story of how the computer industry aimed to sell smaller, faster computing devices to women while promising to mediate and thus reproduce women's overwork as paid and familial laborers. After experimenting with the PDA as a sexy fashionable gadget for working women, marketers approached women as mothers with “Audrey,” an Internet appliance designed for the kitchen.     

Communicating With Bank Stakeholders During Recession: Why It's Important,Who Is Doing It,and How to Stay in the Loop

This study explores the attitudes and actions of bank managers toward communication spending during recession. Results of this study indicate that organizational leaders cut communication spending early during recession and also erroneously rely on the bank's financials to mitigate irrational customer withdrawals. This research is used to illustrate the need for public librarians to meet the needs of bank stakeholders when their institution ceases to communicate during crises, for academic librarians to educate students in undergraduate and graduate programs regarding heightened information needs during recession, and for corporate librarians to understand a potential avenue for competitive advantage during recession.