广西中职教师心理资本与工作投入现状及关系调研

文章采用《心理资本问卷(PCQ)》和《工作投入量表(UWES-17)》对365名中职教师进行测量,以考察广西中职教师心理资本与工作投入现状及关系。为提升中职教师心理资本与工作投入水平,建议改进教师培训、优化教学管理、发挥教师主体性。     

"资源诅咒"是否会挤出教育投入?

“资源诅咒”是经济发展的一个突出悖论,在绿色发展和实现“碳中和”的背景下,“资源诅咒”对教育带来的影响及其机制也越来越引人注目。本文将教育经费统计数据、地区经济社会数据和地理数据相结合,使用空间断点回归法发现“资源诅咒”不仅在中国的县级地区存在,而且对教育投入产生了严重的“挤出效应”,而通过自身发展摆脱“资源诅咒”的地区往往在教育上有着更高的投入,也更符合“碳中和”和“碳达峰”的绿色发展的理念。在此基础上,本文对资源型城市的教育资源投入和经济转型发展提供了理论参考和政策建议。     

基于扎根理论的民办高校教师职业幸福感影响机理研究

提升教师职业幸福感是民办高校转型发展的一个重要目标;弄清影响因素则是提升教师职业幸福感的前提。采用扎根理论方法分析访谈资料发现,民办高校教师职业幸福感主要受到工作要求、工作资源、经费投入和办学理念等四种因素的影响,其中,工作要求是制约因素,工作资源是支持因素,经费投入是保障因素,办学理念是决定因素。基于这一发现,构建了民办高校教师职业幸福感影响机理模型,揭示内在作用机制,为提升民办高校教师职业幸福感奠定理论基础。     

临床护士工作要求、工作资源与工作投入的关系研究

临床护士作为特殊工作者,他们工作的特殊性和重要性值得关注。本研究以临床护士为研究对象,主要探讨现如今的临床护士工作投入状况,并分析工作投入与工作要求和工作资源之间的关系。采用相关分析、回归分析等方法对数据进行处理,结果显示,工作投入的三个分量表分数与工作资源的各分量表分数都存在显著正相关(p<0.01),工作资源的工作自主性、社会支持和职业发展机会对工作投入都有显著的预测作用,显示了工作资源对提高工作投入的特殊作用,工作数量要求对工作投入没有显著预测作用。从而为管理者提高员工工作投人提供理论依据,为提高护士的工作投入提供一些建议。     

"撤点并校"是否减少了教育资源投入

以往的理论和实证研究认为"撤点并校"导致地方政府减少基础教育资源投入.本文提出一个新的理论解释框架,认为学校是教育资源分配过程中不可忽视的利益相关方,大规模学校往往具有更强的争取资源的能力."撤点并校"形成规模更大的学校,会对增加地方政府的教育资源投入起到积极的作用.利用1995-2015年省级面板数据的实证分析发现,撤并学校没有显著降低财政预算教育支出在地方财政支出中的占比和生均经费,反而显著增加了教师资源的投入.本文研究的政策含义有两点:在教育资源分配过程中,要充分重视各利益相关者的诉求,建立完善的利益表达机制,这是实现教育治理体系和治理能力现代化的基础;要结合乡村振兴和完善新型城镇化背景反思"撤点并校"等农村教育发展政策,应当将农村教育质量提升与教育资源的空间配置以及人口的流动与集聚结合起来思考.     

"撤点并校"是否减少了教育资源投入

以往的理论和实证研究认为"撤点并校"导致地方政府减少基础教育资源投入.本文提出一个新的理论解释框架,认为学校是教育资源分配过程中不可忽视的利益相关方,大规模学校往往具有更强的争取资源的能力."撤点并校"形成规模更大的学校,会对增加地方政府的教育资源投入起到积极的作用.利用1995-2015年省级面板数据的实证分析发现,撤并学校没有显著降低财政预算教育支出在地方财政支出中的占比和生均经费,反而显著增加了教师资源的投入.本文研究的政策含义有两点:在教育资源分配过程中,要充分重视各利益相关者的诉求,建立完善的利益表达机制,这是实现教育治理体系和治理能力现代化的基础;要结合乡村振兴和完善新型城镇化背景反思"撤点并校"等农村教育发展政策,应当将农村教育质量提升与教育资源的空间配置以及人口的流动与集聚结合起来思考.     

主动性人格对中小学教师知识共享的影响机制——基于工作投入和组织创新气氛的作用分析

知识共享是学校和教师个体知识管理的有效手段,对于学校办学提质增效、实现教育资源均衡发展具有重要意义。本研究基于工作需求—资源理论,探讨主动性人格对知识共享的影响机制,深入分析工作投入的中介作用以及组织创新氛围的调节作用。通过对24个省(自治区、直辖市)、33所中小学校2982名教师的数据进行分析发现：主动性人格对教师知识共享行为有显著的正向影响,工作投入在主动性人格与教师知识共享行为之间发挥着中介作用,组织创新氛围不仅能够有效调节工作投入与知识共享的关系,同时对工作投入在主动性人格与教师知识共享中的中介效应也具有显著的调节作用。这一研究结果有助于理解个体资源和工作资源对知识共享行为的影响机制。     

高校教师心理资本、工作资源与工作投入关系的实证研究

为了解高校教师工作投入状况及工作资源对高校教师工作投入的影响作用机制,采用问卷调查法对浙江省9所高校287名教师进行了调查。结果表明：高校教师的工作投入水平较好,工作投入及活力和专注维度得分在教龄差异上显著,并呈现两头高、中间低的“U”型特征,工作投入及其三个维度得分在对收入满意程度上差异显著,并随着对收入满意程度的增高呈上升趋势;工作资源、心理资本对工作投入均具有显著的正向影响;心理资本在工作资源与工作投入之间起部分中介作用。     

提高研究生辅导员工作投入的实证研究

研究生辅导员的工作投入,是影响研究生思想政治教育工作效果的重要因素,探讨研究生辅导员工作投入的影响因素及其作用机理有重要意义。文章通过对268个样本的问卷调查,运用工作要求-资源模型理论,对研究生辅导员的组织公正感、心理资本、职业认同和工作投入间的关系进行了实证研究。结果显示:组织公正感、心理资本和职业认同是研究生辅导员工作投入的主要预测变量,职业认同和心理资本在组织公正感对工作投入的影响中起到复合式多重中介作用,但组织公正感对研究生辅导员的工作投入没有直接效果。根据实证研究结论提出了营造公正公平的工作氛围、提高研究生辅导员的心理资本水平、消除身份差异和增强职业认同等具体措施来提高研究生辅导员工作投入的对策建议。     

职业心理健康视角下教师工作资源的分类及其启示

采用中小学教师工作特征问卷中的工作资源分问卷、中小学教师职业倦怠问卷和中文版Utrecht工作投入量表对799名中小学教师进行测查,基于职业心理健康的视角,通过因素分析探讨教师工作资源的分类,并考察不同类别的工作资源对教师职业倦怠和工作投入的影响。结果发现:(1)组织支持、同事支持和硬件条件等工作资源,能够正向预测工作投入,但对情绪衰竭和非人性化没有显著的预测作用,可称为"激励型资源";(2)自主控制和工作意义等工作资源,既能够负向预测情绪衰竭和非人性化,又能够正向预测工作投入,可称为"成长型资源";(3)工作回报等工作资源,能够负向预测情绪衰竭,但对工作投入和非人性化没有显著的预测作用,可称为"保健型资源"。据此,在教师激励过程中,应大力挖掘成长型资源,有效开发激励型资源,合理利用保健型资源。     

工作资源对特殊教育教师工作投入的预测作用

为探讨特殊教育教师工作资源和工作投入的现状以及工作资源对其工作投入的预测作用,以326名特教教师为被试,采用工作资源量表、Utrecht工作投入量表对其进行问卷调查.研究结果显示:特教教师工作投入的总体状况良好,三个维度中奉献得分最高,专注次之,活力最低;工作投入的水平在教龄上存在显著差异,教龄在7至25年的特教教师的工作投入水平显著高于1至3年和4至6年教龄的特教教师;工作投入在所教班级类型上存在显著差异,教育智力落后学生的特教教师比教育盲生的特教教师工作投入水平高,教育各种障碍类型学生混合班的特教教师比教育盲、聋生的特教教师的工作投入水平高;工作控制感和工作独立性对活力和专注具有显著的影响作用,工作控制感对奉献具有显著的影响.     

幼儿教师工作投入现状调查

以台州市342名幼儿教师为调查对象,采用UWES工作投入量表调查幼儿教师工作投入的现状及其在人口统计学变量上的差异。结果表明：工作投入的三个维度中专注得分最高、奉献次之、活力最低。工作投入得分最高的分别是年龄30岁以下、教育程度大专及以下、已婚、2～5年教龄、在10个班级以下规模、公办幼儿园的幼儿教师。工作投入在学历、幼儿园规模的主效应明显,年龄、婚姻状况、教龄、编制、幼儿园所有制性质主效应不显著。在工作投入的奉献维度上,年龄、学历、婚姻状况、教龄、幼儿园规模的主效应明显,编制、幼儿园所有制性质主效应不显著。     

Influential Factors for Teachers' Creativity: Mutual Impacts of Leadership,Work Engagement,and Knowledge Creation Practices

This research examined the structural relationships among transformational leadership, work engagement, knowledge creation practices, and the level of creativity among the teachers in career and technical education (CTE), and investigated the mediating role of work engagement and knowledge creation practices in explaining the association between transformational leadership and the level of teachers' creativity. A total of 304 responses from CTE school teachers were analyzed. The structural equation modeling (SEM) method was employed. Transformational leadership was found to have positive impacts on work engagement and knowledge creation practices of teachers, but no direct relationship was found between transformational leadership and the level of teachers' creativity. Teachers' work engagement and knowledge creation practices were respectively associated with their perceived creativity levels. Therefore, work engagement and knowledge creation practices of teachers may be considered as mediating factors in the relationship between transformational leadership and teacher's creativity. To promote teachers' creativity, transformational leadership should be complemented by a school climate where teachers' work engagement and knowledge creation are encouraged.     

Restructuring,Teacher Engagement and School Culture: Perspectives on School Reform and the Improvement of Teacher's Work 1

ABSTRACT

Recent educational policy reports in the U.S. have called for significant changes in teachers’ work to increase their effectiveness. The paper examines the relationship between the restructuring strategies in two comprehensive high schools and teachers’ engagement, which is defined as a multi‐dimensional construct. In one school, the restructuring strategies focused on creating a supportive climate for students, and in empowering students and teachers; in the other, emphasis was on developing professional skills of the faculty and strengthening group cohesiveness. The implications of the strategies for teacher engagement are illustrated with case study data. The discussion points to several conclusions: (1) the effects of restructuring are more bounded than is often assumed; (2) a quality of work life framework drawn from the social scientific literatures is useful for analyzing the effects of reform policies on teachers’ work; (3) teachers make trade‐offs between different types of engagement in order to increase their work satisfaction; and (4) restructuring has potential for increasing teachers’ engagement in schools with mixed socio‐economic and racial populations.

     

Student perspectives of engagement in learning in contemporary and digital contexts

ABSTRACT

Increasing significance has been ascribed to student engagement, as a measure of success of both teachers and programs. However, since users of the term commonly tend not to explain, rationalise or problematise their understanding of engagement, its value to understand or transform learning may be limited. While clarification has occurred in conceptual work, there is a lack of empirical work that extends beyond understandings of engagement-as-behaviour, as well as insufficient work exploring what students understand engagement to be. Further, much work on engagement is rooted in physical campuses and face-to-face delivery, which represents an incomplete picture of how students actually engage in study. This article investigates student perceptions of engagement in two blended learning Initial Teacher Education programs. It offers a critical discussion of how research can be re-considered in light of changing learning contexts and changing understandings of ways to investigate engagement. The findings of this study support previous work that found multiple levels and meanings of student engagement exist. New complex and multidimensional models of engagement are proposed, which can open new possibilities for designing studies and analysing findings. This article argues that including and questioning physical, virtual and political contexts and power, affect, relationships, linearity and essential measurability are important features of new models of engagement.     

Staying on track: behavioral engagement of at-risk and non-at-risk students in post-secondary vocational education

Behavioral disengagement from school is a proximal predictor of dropout. Therefore, the enhancement of behavioral engagement is a useful point of entry for dropout prevention. In this study, we examine the behavioral engagement of at-risk and non-at-risk students in Dutch senior vocational education (SVE), a sector confronted with high dropout rates. Using multilevel regression analyses, we assess the role of students’ background characteristics and perceived fit with the school environment in their behavioral engagement. Findings indicate that students in highly urbanized areas are significantly less engaged in school. The perceived proportion of autonomous work is most prominently correlated to students’ behavioral engagement. Whereas in general SVE students are more engaged if their program requires little autonomous work from students, engineering students appear to favor autonomous work forms.     

Improving engagement in an early career academic setting: can existing models guide early career academic support strategies?

ABSTRACT

Early career academics (ECAs) represent the future of the academic workforce, but competition and career uncertainty is resulting in disengagement and burnout. In professions outside academia, increased engagement is associated with perceived organisational support and fair recognition and rewards, as well as opportunities to meet basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness. In contrast, decreased engagement is linked with increasing demands on effort and over-commitment to work. The current study used multiple linear regression to test whether comparable relationships were observed in a sample of 151 ECAs in an Australian university. Opportunities to build and demonstrate competence at work, the presence of meaningful relationships and perceived organisational support were independent and statistically significant predictors of engagement. The need for autonomy and fair rewards and recognition appeared to be correlated but not statistically significant predictors of engagement. Contrary to prediction, increasing effort and over-commitment to work did not predict decreases in engagement. These results are discussed in light of implications for programs designed to support the development of ECAs into various career pathways.     

A conceptual model and set of instruments for measuring student engagement in learning

This work has its origins with research into the effects of pedagogy on student engagement and learning outcomes. It summarises the development of self-report and observation instruments for measuring student engagement suitable for early years to senior secondary. The measures are sensitive to the context and experience of learning rather than, as is more common, a general disposition towards learning or school. The measures are distinctive in three ways: (1) they avoid the use of proxies such as attendance which link only weakly to learning outcomes; (2) they are designed to be sensitive to the effect of learning environments and quality of pedagogy on engagement; and (3) they do not assume that the learning environment involves conventional schooling. However, the use of the instruments has also revealed a deep structure to engagement which is a distinctive contribution and links prior research into learner dispositions and interest to the engagement construct.     

Examining Mediation Effects of Work Engagement Among Job Resources,Job Performance,and Turnover Intention

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of work engagement on the relationships among job resources and job performance and turnover intention in Korean organizations. A total of 571 complete responses from Korean organizations were used for the purpose of data analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM ) was used to examine the proposed research hypotheses. The results showed that job resources had a direct and positive impact on employees’ work engagement. Also, employees’ work engagement had a direct and positive relationship with their job performance and a direct and negative relationship with their turnover intention. In addition, the study revealed that work engagement had significant partial mediating effects, not only on the relationship between job resources and job performance but also on the relationship between job resources and turnover intention within organizations. Research implications, limitations, and recommendations for further research are discussed.