美沙酮合并中药戒毒的临床观察

目的 :了解除美沙酮合并中药对海洛因依赖者戒者的疗效 .方法 :对海洛因依赖戒毒治疗的病人分 2组 ,A组以单纯美沙酮药物治疗 ,B组以美沙酮合并中药治疗 ,比较其疗效 ,戒断症状及药物副反应的差异 .结果 :两组治疗均有疗效 ,但B组的戒断症状比较少 ,未增药物副反应 .结论 :美沙酮合并中药的戒毒辣 ,优于单纯用药 ,其治疗安全性大 ,病人乐于接受也易管理     

海洛因依赖者时间管理倾向与自我价值感的相关研究

目的探讨海洛因依赖者的时间管理倾向与自我价值感的特点及二者的关系。方法运用时间管理倾向量表和自我价值感量表对150名海洛因依赖者进行问卷调查。运用均值差异性检验、方差差异分析、相关分析及多元逐步回归分析。结果 1.海洛因依赖者的时间管理倾向显著低于大学生;2.海洛因依赖者自我价值感高于常模群体;3.海洛因依赖者时间管理倾向和自我价值感有显著正相关;4.时间价值感和时间监控观对自我价值感有预测作用,但未发现时间效能感对自我价值感有预测作用,表现出特殊性。结论海洛因依赖者的时间管理倾向、自我价值感同常模有差异,海洛因依赖者的时间管理倾向与自我价值感呈显著正相关。     

中学生手机戒断与极端行为的心理分析及干预策略

成功戒断是手机成瘾研究的目的,家长与学校强制没收手机却会引发中学生极端行为,如何理解中学生手机戒断后的心理状态与极端行为产生的根源,是手机戒断的关键。本文分析了中学生手机戒断的阶段性心理特征,探讨手机戒断与极端行为的心理机制,根据认知行为疗法提出系统脱敏和引导性自我改变,旨在为学校和家长提供合理的干预策略。     

复旦大学科学家发现成瘾药物戒断症状形成机制

据2011年12月4日《科技日报》报道,复旦大学医学神经生物学国家重点实验室历经3年攻关,发现成瘾药物戒断症状形成的新机制"戒断成瘾药物后所产生的痛苦与激活脑内另一个脑区杏仁核多巴胺系统有关"。这一成果发表在2011年11月30日出版的《神经科学杂志》上。     

益智游戏在青少年戒断网瘾中的应用研究

网络游戏在给广大青少年带来快乐的同时，也让一部分人在网络游戏中迷失了方向。本文在分析了我国青少年迷恋网络游戏的现状和成因后，引入了益智游戏的理念，并从不同角度对其进行了分析总结，希望对青少年网瘾的戒断起到一定的引导作用。     

大学生手机依赖认知行为团体干预研究

为探索认知行为团体辅导对大学生手机依赖的干预效果,本研究以14名具有手机依赖症状的大学生为研究对象,对实验组的7名被试进行认知行为团体干预,控制组不做任何实验处理.在干预前、干预后以及3个月后用《手机依赖指数量表》对所有被试进行调查.结果发现,实验组在干预后以及追踪测查中,其失控性、戒断性、低效性及手机依赖总分显著均低于干预前水平;控制组与实验组的失控性、戒断性、低效性及手机依赖总分在后测中差异显著.     

药物依赖者冲动性的行为经济学研究

药物依赖研究的焦点问题，是探讨诱发冲动性的药物滥用及导致戒除后的复吸行为的核心因素及其机制，现已形成多种理论模型。冲动性行为是不同类型药物依赖者的共同特征。近年来，研究者基于行为经济学的延迟折扣原理，试图通过对药物依赖者对待未来强化物价值的选择偏向的定量分析，探讨药物依赖者冲动性行为特征，并在酒精依赖、尼古丁依赖及海洛因依赖研究领域取得相当多的成果。未来的研究有必要深入探讨药物依赖者高折扣倾向的潜在认知加工机制，及其对临床诊断和治疗的有效性。     

中学生智能手机使用时长及依赖现状差异性研究

为探索中学生手机使用时长等情况以及智能手机依赖现状在性别及学段上的差异,采用自编问卷以及智能手机依赖量表,对北京市某区进行整群抽样,对该区八所高中及十六所初中共计8176名学生进行了问卷调查。结果显示:(1)手机使用时长存在性别及学段差异:在校使用时长男生显著高于女生;周一到周五放学后及放假期间手机使用时长女生显著高于男生。(2)智能手机依赖总分及各维度存在性别及年段差异:男生在积极期待维度显著高于女生,女生在日常干扰、戒断症状、过度使用、耐受性以及手机依赖总分上显著高于男生。高中生除网络亲密维度外在其他维度和总分上均显著高于初中生。(3)智能手机依赖随着年段增加而增加。     

益智游戏在青少年戒断网瘾中的应用研究

网络游戏在给广大青少年带来快乐的同时,也让一部分人在网络游戏中迷失了方向。本文在分析了我国青少年迷恋网络游戏的现状和成因后,引入了益智游戏的理念,并从不同角度对其进行了分析总结,希望对青少年网瘾的戒断起到一定的引导作用。     

少数民族大学生网络心理健康状况的调查与分析——以甘肃少数民族大学生为例

为了探讨少数民族大学生网络依赖状况和网络心理健康状况之间的关系,为提高少数民族大学生网络心理健康状况提供依据。采用《大学生网络依赖调查表》和《心理健康临床症状自评量表》,对分层抽取的甘肃省1000名少数民族大学生进行调查。在强迫性上网及上网戒断反应、网络成瘾耐受性、时间管理问题、人际与健康问题、网络依赖得分上,不同民族大学生之间差异都非常显著,但藏族大学生比其他民族的大学生网络依赖轻;正常群体、网络依赖群体、网络成瘾群体在强迫症状因子上都存在非常显著的差异,在其余九个因子及总分上均存在极显著差异。因此,网络依赖严重影响少数民族大学生的心理健康,正确引导少数民族大学生的网络行为有利于他们心理健康。     

Street ‘doctory’ among a group of heroin addicts in India: naturalistic peer learning

Street ‘doctory’ is a form of peer-based medical care performed in street settings among a group of heroin addicts in Yamuna Bazaar, New Delhi. Using participant observation and semi-structured interviews, this study describes three components of the practice, and suggests that each contained peer learning processes. First, participants conducted procedures such as injections and wound care that involved apprenticeship relationships in which ‘novices’ learned through observation and participation with ‘experts’. Second, addicts participated in illness discussions in which they co-constructed meanings about the causes, symptoms and remedies of prevalent diseases. Third, individuals engaged in health consultancy for peers who were sick which involved synthesising, interpreting and communicating concepts and experiences through meaningful units of advice. Analysis suggests that these practices may be theorised as instances of situated learning involving legitimate peripheral participation, meaning negotiation and learning through teaching. These learning patterns represent opportunities for developing culturally tuned health education interventions that engage and impact the participants.     

Childhood neglect and increased withdrawal and depressive severity in crack cocaine users during early abstinence

Studies have shown that environmental factors, such as exposure to childhood maltreatment, might shift the course of addiction. Little is known, however, about whether childhood physical neglect (PN) influences the severity of withdrawal and depressive symptoms during the detoxification period. This is a 3 weeks follow-up study. The participants were divided into 2 groups: those with a history of PN (PN+) (n = 32) and those without a history of PN (PN−) (n = 48). Clinical variables were assessed with the SCID-I, BDI-II, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Addiction Severity Index and Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment. Depressive symptom assessments were repeated at three time points. Withdrawal symptom assessments were repeated at five different points following detoxification. A repeated measures analysis of covariance indicated that the PN+ group exhibited a significantly lower reduction in the severity of withdrawal symptoms compared to the PN− group (p < 0.05). Post hoc analyses showed that after 12 days of treatment, the severity of withdrawal symptoms in the PN+ group did not decrease in the same level as was observed in the PN− group. Moreover, a strong correlation was found between the severity of depression and the intensity of the abstinence symptoms during treatment. Patients who reported more depressive symptoms also exhibited more severe withdrawal symptoms. The ASI-6 indicated higher severity problems related to alcohol and psychiatric disorders in the PN+ groups. Our data support the role of childhood PN in the contingencies of the detoxification process of crack cocaine-dependent women.     

The practice of poetry among a group of heroin addicts in India: naturalistic peer learning

As part of an ongoing ethnographic study, this paper aims to consider the practice of poetry, sher-o-shayari, as naturalistic peer learning among a group of heroin addicts in Yamuna Bazaar, New Delhi. By examining meanings given to sher-o-shayari and experiences of participating in the practice, this article makes the claim that the practice of poetry involved three learning processes. First, it entailed ‘legitimate peripheral participation’ during group sessions in which implicit performance rules were created, evolved, and transferred to newcomers. Second, it included ‘meaning negotiation’ in which participants ‘break’ and ‘join’ different lines, images, or themes in group improvisation or individual creation events. Third, it contained ‘reflective learning’, which enabled development of the ‘whole’ person and helped situate the individual in the social world. Such data are important for the creation of ‘organic’ peer education programs that utilize naturalistic peer learning mechanisms.     

基于ICA的运动成瘾者默认网络研究

为了探究运动成瘾者的静息态脑功能状态,常熟市第二人民医院收集了26例运动成瘾者(运动成瘾组)和21例非运动成瘾者(正常对照组)的功能磁共振成像数据,采用独立成分分析(ICA)方法对预处理后的数据进行处理,针对所提取的默认网络中额叶、顶叶、枕叶和颞叶4个脑区,分析其中体素的分布情况,通过对比运动成瘾组和正常对照组的数据结果,探讨运动成瘾者默认网络的特点.结果发现:相比正常对照组,运动成瘾组的默认网络具有一定的异常,运动成瘾对于人脑具有一定的积极影响和消极影响.     

Tracking students’ progress through the Spanish university school sector

From individual longitudinal data for a full cohort of first-entering students who embarked on short programs in Spain and were observed over a 7-year period ending in 2003, we analyze the probability that an individual will drop out, transfer, or graduate from a university school program. The statistical analysis is carried out in a competing-risks framework. We find that the system’s internal efficiency is low, with dropout and completion rates averaging 50 and 36%, respectively. However, we find considerable variability in the probabilities of withdrawal, transfer, and graduation among students. In this regard, our results show that preenrollment academic ability, age at enrollment, family characteristics, and secondary educational experience are major influences on student progress.     

提倡"同伴教育",减低毒品危害

目的:了解云南戒毒所内吸毒人员开展减低毒品危害,预防艾滋病教育的相关信息,为在该人群中开展艾滋病预防"同伴教育"提供基础资料。方法:采用随机抽样的方法,对2007年1月—2007年3月在云南四个地州市的强制戒毒所的324名戒毒人员进行问卷调查。结果:本次调查的戒毒人员中男性比例高于女性;以20-岁的青壮年未婚初中文化者居多;30-岁注射吸毒比例较高,参与预防艾滋病同伴教育培训率低。结论:加大艾滋病预防"同伴教育"的覆盖范围,开发适合该人群的培训教材,培养大量的同伴教育工作者,落实减低危害预防艾滋病措施势在必行。     

青海男性吸毒者心理健康状况调查分析

采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对青海省西宁市戒毒所40名男性吸毒者和40名男性当地大学生进行了分层随机取样,考察男性吸毒人员心理健康状况,结果发现：男性吸毒者存在严重心理健康问题,各项健康指标上得分均显著高于男性学生对照组。