A meta-analysis of maturation-related variation in adolescent boy athletes’ adaptations to short-term resistance training

This meta-analysis investigated the maturation-related pattern of adaptations to resistance training in boy athletes. We included studies examining the effects of 4–16-week resistance training programmes in healthy boy athletes aged 10–18 years. Pooled estimates of effect size for change in strength across all studies (n = 19) were calculated using the inverse–variance random effects model for meta-analyses. Estimates were also calculated for groups based on likely biological maturity status (“before”, “during” and “after” peak height velocity). Using the standardised mean difference, resistance training increased strength across all groups (effect size = 0.98, [CI: 0.70–1.27]). Strength gains were larger during (1.11 [0.67–1.54]) and after (1.01 [0.56–1.46]) peak height velocity than before (0.5 [?0.06–1.07]). Adaptations to resistance training are greater in adolescent boys during or after peak height velocity. These findings should help coaches to optimise the timing of training programmes that are designed to improve strength in boy athletes.     

Getting to the top: an analysis of 25 years of career rankings trajectories for professional women’s tennis

Official rankings are the most common measure of success in professional women’s tennis. Despite their importance for earning potential and tournament seeding, little is known about ranking trajectories of female players and their influence on career success. Our objective was to conduct a comprehensive study of the career progression of elite female tennis talent. The study examined the ranking trajectories of the top 250 female professionals between 1990 and 2015. Using regression modelling of yearly peak rankings, we found a strong association between the shape of the ranking trajectory and the highest career ranking earned. Players with the highest career peak ranking were the youngest when first ranked. For example, top 10 players were first ranked at age 15.5 years (99% CI = 14.8–15.9), 1.2 years (99% CI = 0.8–1.5) earlier than top 51–100 players. Top 10 players were also ranked in the top 100 longer than other players, holding a top 100 ranking until a mean age of 29.0 years (99% CI = 27.8–30.3) compared with age 24.4 years (99% CI = 23.7–25.2) for top 51–100 players. Ranking trajectories were more distinct with respect to player age than years from first ranking. The present study’s findings will be instructive for players, coaches, and administrators in setting goals and assessing athlete development in women’s tennis.     

从案例分析看我国竞技人才培养体制——以胡凯为案例分析体教结合培养模式

优秀运动员的培养是一个复杂而艰巨的系统过程,伴随着我国由计划经济向市场经济的转变,经济的多元化必然要求竞技体育人才培养体制的多元化。本文选取学校培养的运动员胡凯为案例分析,研究我国现在的竞技体育后备人才培养体制。结果表明：我国竞技体育后备人才的培养要改变过去由国家全部承包下来的举国体制的培养方式,实现多层次、多渠道、多形式的培养体制,其中教育系统进行竞技体育后备人才培养是最主要的渠道之一。     

Coaching Efficacy,Player Perceptions of Coaches’ Leadership Styles,and Team Performance in Premier League Soccer

The coaching competency research has demonstrated the role of coaching efficacy and coaching behaviors on various athlete outcomes. However, athlete perceptions of these relationships and how they affect performance are less understood. Purpose: This study examined if coaching efficacy is predictive of player perceptions of coaches’ leadership styles, team atmosphere, and team performance in a soccer season. Method: Fifteen male premier league soccer coaches (M_age = 45.27, SD = 6.07) and 226 players (M_age = 25.66, SD = 3.96) from Botswana participated in the study. All participants completed a background information questionnaire. Coaches completed the Coaching Efficacy Scale. Players rated their coaches’ leadership styles using the Revised Leadership Scale for Sports as well as team atmosphere. Team performance was based on position in the league log and player ratings of the teams’ performance. Results: Findings showed that coaches’ self-ratings on technique efficacy predicted player perceptions of the coaches’ use of all six leadership styles. Game strategy efficacy predicted higher team atmosphere and team performance. Motivation efficacy was not significantly associated with player perceptions of the coaches’ use of any of the leadership styles, while character building efficacy was negatively associated with the various leadership styles. Conclusion: Findings provide support to previous research evidence linking higher coaching efficacy, leadership styles, and team outcomes. The study expands the emergent research within the coaching competency literature that examines player perceptions of coaches’ behaviors and leadership styles.     

对体育院校优秀运动员教学管理的探究

就体育院校优秀运动员教学管理定位和教学管理体系的建立,抓好优秀运动员学习过程管理,提高优秀运动员的文化素质等问题进行了研究,提出了对体育院校高水平运动员的教学管理必须坚持"以人为本"、"以学生为主体",优秀运动员的教学管理是体育院校管理的重要环节。对于突出体育院校的办学特色和提升优秀运动员的文化素质具有重要意义。     

中美大学高水平运动员选材管理的比较研究

采用调查访问、文献资料以及水平比较分析等方法,对中美两国大学高水平运动员的选材管理现状及特点进行分析与比较。研究结果表明中美两国大学高水平运动员选材在管理手段、管理人员、选材方法、选材渠道以及录取标准等方面各有特点,差别较大。据此,文章提出有关建议     

我国优秀运动员和后备人才交流方案的研究

从社会调查入手,运用多种研究方法,对我国优秀运动员和后备人才交流的现状、态度、原因、价值取向以及影响人才合理流动的障碍、因素等问题进行了深入、系统的研究,为决策部门提供了计划交流型、市场交流型和区域协作交流型等3类适合我国不同社会发展时期竞技体育人才交流方案。     

新时期我国优秀竞技游泳运动员的运动寿命探析

本文运用文献资料、访谈、逻辑分析等方法对新时期我国优秀竞技游泳运动员的运动寿命进行探讨,说明影响我国优秀游泳运动员运动寿命的因素主要是运动员“厌水现象”的出现、运动伤病、文化素质、意志品质、家庭等方面的因素。运用训练学、心理学、管理学等有关知识进行探讨研究,希望能对延长我国优秀竞技游泳运动员的运动寿命、提高运动成绩、保持良好竞技状态等奠定一定的理论基础。     

Education in the Chinese national sport system: experiences of professional wushu athletes

Abstract

Within the Chinese national sport system, the government provides resources and funding to train athletes from a young age to become high-performance competitors. Though athletes are well supported to excel in their sport, during their years of intense physical training, athletes generally receive little to no formal education to prepare them for life outside of sport. The sacrifice of forgoing formal education to compete in elite level sport is not uncommon for athletes within centralized sporting systems and has been widely documented; however, there is little research that focuses on the impact of the team’s educational systems from the perspective of the athletes. To add to the growing body of research in this area, the authors utilized in-depth interviews to examine professional wushu athletes’ education experiences whilst training on their team. Thematic analysis of the findings revealed that athletes who committed themselves to sport training in the Chinese national system had to negotiate a number of factors related to time, motivation, social influences, and resources when it came to education and academia. Findings highlight the ways in which these athletes experience and come to terms with limited academic opportunities, preparation and support from their team and the training environment.     

我国优秀运动员成绩交换价值理论研究

运动成绩与其他社会资源的分配具有很高的相关性,这意味着,优异的运动成绩本身是一种稀少的资源,也是获得其他社会资源的手段.从社会交换的角度分析运动成绩的价值和功能,运动成绩与职业的交换,与职业收入的交换,与社会身份地位的交换.运动成绩与社会资源交换的负面影响在于,运动员过度追求运动成绩的功利性和运动员文凭价值的低效与社会不公平.     

竞技体育本质及发展逻辑

对竞技体育的本质及其发展问题进行了探讨。研究表明，竞技体育是运动员通过提供高水平竞技表演，满足人们高级审美需要的体育活动。中国竞技体育只有在充分满足人们的体育需求，为人们提供高质量的体育产品过程中才能实现可持续发展。     

中国竞技体育发展观与发展模式的演变

对我国竞技体育发展观及发展模式进行了分析,研究表明,竞技体育发展观决定了竞技体育的发展模式,我国竞技体育的发展先后经历了竞技体育“赶超”发展观,竞技体育“优先发展”观及竞技体育可持续发展的历史演变。     

优秀运动员竞技心理障碍分析及对策探讨

采取文献检索和调查访谈等方法分析了优秀运动员竞技心理素质的重要性、竞技心理障碍的表现及成因,探讨了排除竞技心理障碍的对策。     

I am fast but I do not fit: an autoethnography of a swimmer’s experiences of ‘competitive performance’ stigma in two sporting contexts

Given that research outside of sport and exercise has found that stigma may cause severe consequences (e.g. depression), it is important to explore the concept in regard to its connection to socio-cultural issues in the development and persistence of stigmatisation in sporting contexts. Analytic autoethnography and Goffman’s theory of stigma was used to explore one female swimmer’s experiences of ‘enacted’ and ‘felt’ competitive performance stigma occurring in elite swimming and a masters swimming context. Competitive performance stigma has not been conceptualised or explored as a stigma type in sport research, however through the presentation and analysis of two vignettes and the use of Goffman, this is achieved. The social agents that contributed to both ‘enacted’ and ‘felt’ competitive performance stigma and the consequences/effects (e.g. withdrawal from sport, feelings of shame) for this swimmer are highlighted. Our analysis further highlights the role of particular cultural insiders (e.g. coaches, team managers and other swimmers) in the reproduction of competitive performance stigma through acts of labelling, discrimination and social isolation. These acts positioned the female swimmer as an ‘outsider’ because of her competitive performance which in turn led to her withdrawal from these two sporting contexts highlighting the implications for recipients of stigmatisation.     

优秀运动队管理若干问题的探讨

一支优秀的运动队是由管理人员（领队、教练员）、运动员、辅助人员等组成的,本文运用系统论、控制论、管理学、心理学、教育学、马克思主义哲学等理论与观点,对优秀运动队管理的指导思想、管理人员的管理、运动员的管理及辅助人员的管理进行了研究。认为,优秀运动队管理应该坚持全面的指导思想、从实际出发的指导思想和以人为本的指导思想。另外还认为,对任何成员的管理都要坚持外部管理与成员自律相结合。     

From Development of Sport to Development through Sport: A Paradigm Shift for Sport Development in South Korea

During the past several decades, South Korea has gained tremendous international recognition by achieving an excellent performance in a variety of international sport competitions and hosting numerous mega-sporting events. Although success in elite sport (i.e. Development of Sport approach) has contributed to making South Korea one of the sport powerhouses in the world, South Korea has paid very little attention to the role that sport can play as a tool for social and personal development (i.e. Development through Sport approach). Similarly, scholars also paid little attention to the ‘development through sport’ approach in South Korea while predominantly focusing their attention in taking the ‘development of sport’ approach. In recent years, however, the South Korean government has begun to show interest in the ‘development through sport’ approach to become a truly advanced sporting nation. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to explore how South Korea's paradigm in sport has historically shifted from ‘development of sport’ to ‘development through sport’ in its socio-political context.