羽毛球

G847.19 20024288羽毛球单打回动位置新议[刊,中,A]/张博//沈阳体育学院学报.-2002(1).-20-21图4(SJ)羽毛球//单人项目//击球//场上位置回动位置的判断应根据本方出球判断对方回球的几种情况来迅速回动,以达到回击高质量球的目的。根据本方击球落点在对方五个区域的情况来判断本方队员回动的相对中场。     

羽毛球单打回动位置新议

回动位置的判断应根据本方出球判断对方回球的几种情况来迅速回动 ,以达到回击高质量球的目的。根据本方击球落点在对方五个区域的情况来判断本方队员回动的相对中场     

乒乓球比赛的数学模拟竞技诊断

通过战术行为、击球位置、击球方向和击球技术4个转移概率矩阵模型和竞技效率值，对高水平乒乓球比赛进行模拟诊断。结果表明：相持和进攻是影响乒乓球比赛获胜概率的两个最重要的战术行为；运动员在侧身住的直接击球效果要好于正手位和反手位；击球方向从“本方反手长球到对方反手长球”的竞技效率值最大；弧圈球技术在乒乓球比赛中起着决定性作用，尤其是横拍运动员。     

正手进攻中的调节秘技

在实战中,我们无法保证每一板球都在最合理的位置、最佳的击球点完成击球动作,加之比赛中有很多不可预测的情况,这会导致步法跑动不够精准,击球动作变形的现象。高水平选手在训练中掌握了扎实的基本功,对击球原理的认识越来越深。无论在什么位置击球,只要能够在触球瞬间制造足够的摩擦,只要能够制造合理的弧线,只要能够利用身体或手臂的力量增加回球的威胁,这样的击球就是“合理”的。     

网球设备的缩放比例对儿童运动表现的影响

为了研究网球场地面积和网带高度对儿童击球的影响,16个女孩(9.7±0.5岁)必须在4个不同的场地条件下和ITF的正常规则下进行一盘完整比赛,在不同的情况下,根据儿童和成人比赛之间动作反应的时间需求差异,使用比例来调节球场大小和网带规模。研究结果是儿童打出了更多的致胜球,同时出现更多的受迫性失误,在更靠前的位置上击球。将球场和球网的规模缩放到一个可以让儿童更快的击球,更接近于成人比赛。根据统计变量之间的差异表明,缩放网带会有更积极的比赛感觉。因为它为儿童技能的习得提供了一个更有吸引力的学习环境。     

双打经典战术——压相同落点

在双打比赛的进攻阶段中,“压相同落点”是运用最为广泛的战术。由于双打比赛一人打一下的规则要求和击球中线路和落点的变化,运动员在比赛时有很多情况下都是在跑动中完成击球的。而对方两个人跑动的衔接及击球后重心的还原过程恰好可以成为进攻一方着重攻击的“点”。而进攻方连续地压制相同落点,可以有效地使对方运动员在跑动中发生位置冲突,以至于击球质量下降,为本方创造得分机会。     

网球底线脚步移动初探

一、前言网球是通过各种击球技术的运用,使对方失分的一种场地项目。运动员在其训练或比赛中,都应在最佳位置上得心应手地把球击到对方的场地上去。然而双方在对持中的相互调动和制约,意在迫使对方处于被动局面,所以回球落点几乎没有一个前、后相同的来球。这就要求运动员必须每球必动,以保证自己能处在最佳的击球位置。正因为如此,说脚步动作是网球运动的“灵魂和生命”是恰如其分的。也就是说,尽管你有再好的手法,如果没有好的步法,脚步动作不能及时到位,挥拍击球瞬间人与球的位置关系不合理,会造成不能有效地回击来球,不能发…     

网球是脚下的运动

网球运动是一项个人主导性较强的运动。在比赛过程中,对手不可能恰到好处地将球直接喂送到你的手里,让你不用通过调整步法即可击球。通常对手会利用场地的优势,前后左右不断调动你,以掌控比赛的主动权,进而获取比赛胜利。相信很多球友都有这样的感受：常常因脚步跑动不到位而失去最佳击球位置,出现失误;而脚步及时到位时,却可以抢占最佳击球位置并有效地回击来球。所以,灵动的步法是打好网球的关键,近年来关于步法的训练也逐渐被网球教练重视起来。那么,如何练成灵动的步法呢？Hesham教练给我们做了详细的讲解。     

关于对乒乓球击球环节的理解

通常,我们知道合理的回击包括几个环节：判断来球——移动步伐——引拍、挥臂击球——动作还原。在这几个环节当中,较为难的就是判断来球和挥臂击球。每个打球的人在击球失误后,常常会去思考击球失误的原因。在实际训练和比赛中,到具体分析时,除了要正确判断来球的旋转、落点、弧线外,作为击球应当从击球时间、击球部位、用力方向这三个方面去分析。     

关于乒乓球运动击球节奏的研究

在乒乓球运动的教学、训练和比赛中,对击球节奏都是十分重视的。为了促进教学和训练工作,有必要对乒乓球运动击球节奏问题进行深入的研究。本文对乒乓球击球节奏的概念、击球节奏与技能的形成、变化节奏争取主动和如何适应对方节奏变化的训练等问题作如下初步探讨,供同志们参考。一、有关击球节奏的概念“节奏”本是音乐术语。它是时间艺     

浅谈网球运动的体能训练

网球比赛是由许多个短时间的剧烈运动和休息组成的运动.良好的身体素质是掌握网球技战术的基础,也是在当代网球比赛中充分发挥最佳技战术水平,夺取最后胜利的保障.网球运动属于技能主导类项目,具有速度快、比赛时间长、移动范围大的特点.技术动作主要靠挥臂击球时上肢、肩带和腰腹的肌肉爆发力.在比赛中抽击速度快,要求运动员对来球全面观察,迅速做出判断并想出对策,然后迅速移动步法,调整身体重心和击球位置,进行挥拍击球.这些项目特征决定了运动员必须具备速度、耐力、力量、灵活柔韧性素质.     

Different centre of pressure patterns within the golf stroke I: Cluster analysis

Weight transfer research in the golf swing has produced conflicting and inconclusive results. A limitation of previous studies is the assumption that only one swing "style" exists within the golf swing. If different styles, or movement strategies, exist and if the different styles are analysed together in a single group, statistical errors will result. The aim of this study was to determine if different weight transfer styles exist in the golf swing by applying cluster analysis to centre of pressure (CP) patterns in the direction of hit (CPy) and to evaluate cluster analysis issues. Sixty-two professional to high handicap golfers performed simulated drives, hitting a golf ball into a net, while standing on two force plates. Centre of pressure position relative to the feet (CPy%) was quantified at eight swing events identified from 200-Hz video. Cluster analysis identified two major CPy% styles: a "Front Foot" style and a "Reverse" style. Both styles began with CPy% positioned evenly between the feet, moved to the back foot during backswing, and then forward during early downswing. Beyond early downswing, the Front Foot group continued to move CPy% to the Front Foot through to ball contact, while the Reverse group moved CPy% towards the back foot through ball contact and follow-through. Both weight transfer styles were evident across skill levels from professional to high handicap golfers, indicating that neither style was a technical error. Cluster analysis should include hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering and use objective measures combined with theoretical assessment to determine the optimal number of clusters. Furthermore, a number of validation procedures should always be used to validate the solution.     

我国优秀女排队员接发球技术的三维运动学比较分析

一传到位率偏低和失误率较高是新一届中国女排亟待解决的主要问题之一。通过三维高速录像分析,揭示了我国4名优秀女排运动员接跳飘球技术动作的运动学特征。周苏红和张娴的动作具有移动判断准确,击球点在体前低于身体重心,下肢蹬伸用力幅度小,手臂上抬幅度较大的特点;杨昊和殷茵的动作具有移动判断不够准确,击球点在体侧高于身体重心,下肢蹬伸用力幅度大,手臂上抬幅度大的特点。研究认为移动判断准确,击球点低于身体重心,上下肢协调蹬伸用力有利于提高接发球的到位率。     

第18届世界杯足球赛16强铲球技术分析

对第18届世界杯足球赛16强的16场比赛的铲球技术进行统计分析,探讨高水平球队铲球技术运用的规律。结果显示,随着比赛的进行,铲球次数递减,提高体能储备,才能保证在全场的强对抗中有充沛的体能进行抢截,保证铲球动作的合理性和准确性。后卫、前卫球员讲究铲球的准确性和有效性,前锋球员追求抢点铲射的意识和铲球技巧。提高正面铲球的成功率,方能减少铲球犯规而给对方制造机会。     

Effects of contrasting colour patterns of the ball in the volleyball reception

The effects of three different colour patterns on the surface of volleyballs (versus that of a plain white ball) on the behaviour of a reception player were examined by presenting sidespin volleyball serves. Expert (n = 10) and novice (n = 10) volleyball players intercepted volleyballs projected straight at them or at an initial angle of 9.5° outwards but eventually curving towards the players' original position. In the latter trajectories, players generally took one or more steps laterally before returning to the landing position of the ball. These excursion patterns were significantly more pronounced with the white balls than the coloured balls. Differences between balls of different colour combinations were also observed. The first finding supports the thesis that next to a prospective type of control, such as on-line maintenance of a certain spatiotemporal relationship between the player and the ball, properties of the ball itself allow prediction of the future path of the ball. Differences between types of colour patterns are explained within the framework of the between-colours wavelength contrasts of each type of ball.     

"三点站位法"在网球双打截击教学中的应用

三点站位法指在网球实战中球员在网前的站位与球的落点及底线中点应符合三点同线的要求。这种方法对双打球员的责任区域进行了合理的划分,减轻了网前球员的心理压力,改善了网前球员站位过于靠边的问题,在网球双打教学中有良好的作用。     

Matchplay characteristics of Grand Slam tennis: implications for training and conditioning

The purpose of this study was to probe the sex-based differences in the stroke and movement dynamics of Grand Slam hard-court tennis. Player and ball tracking data were collated for 102 male and 95 female players during the 2012–2014 Australian Open tournaments. Serve, serve return, groundstroke and movement data were compared between sexes. Serve statistics were the subject of the largest differences, with males achieving significantly faster speeds, aces and unreturned serves while also winning a greater percentage of service points. When returning serve, women contacted the ball closer to the net, lower to the ground and achieved flatter ball trajectories than males. Groundstroke frequencies were similar between sexes, although males hit with greater speed, flatter trajectories and impacted more shots inside the baseline. Distance covered per set or during points won or lost was not sex dependent, yet men exhibited faster average movement speeds. These findings highlight the need for sex-specific training and practice designs that cater to the different stroke dynamics, particularly in relation to the first serve and serve-return, as well as movement speeds.     

2000年足球欧锦赛8强由守转攻的特点分析

对2000欧锦赛前8强比赛的观察分析表明：由守转攻时，快速进攻比一般进攻的效果明显要好；不同场区的快速进攻中。中区、进攻三区的成功率高，进球最多；最有效的攻击点在肋部。这些特点可资中国队征战世界杯训练、比赛中参考。     

Centre of pressure patterns in the golf swing: individual-based analysis

Weight transfer has been identified as important in group-based analyses. The aim of this study was to extend this work by examining the importance of weight transfer in the golf swing on an individual basis. Five professional and amateur golfers performed 50 swings with the driver, hitting a ball into a net. The golfer's centre of pressure position and velocity, parallel with the line of shot, were measured by two force plates at eight swing events that were identified from high-speed video. The relationships between these parameters and club head velocity at ball contact were examined using regression statistics. The results did support the use of group-based analysis, with all golfers returning significant relationships. However, results were also individual-specific, with golfers returning different combinations of significant factors. Furthermore, factors not identified in group-based analysis were significant on an individual basis. The most consistent relationship was a larger weight transfer range associated with a larger club head velocity (p < 0.05). All golfers also returned at least one significant relationship with rate of weight transfer at swing events (p < 0.01). Individual-based analysis should form part of performance-based biomechanical analysis of sporting skills.     

对民族项目“蹴球”的创新研究

采用实验研究法、文献资料法、专家访谈法等。对民族传统体育项目蹴球进行创新,内容包括：①场地：在传统蹴球场地对边中线1／4处设置4根障碍柱,其地面高度与球的直径等高,四柱的连线成正方形,其中心在蹴球场中心,每柱离边线距离为1／4边长;②器材：将运动员的平底运动鞋创新为脚底有条纹、园钉等各种形式的纹路与图案的、任何规格的运动鞋;③技战术：技术上主要体现在原有的“蹴”、“挤压”技术基础上增加“捅”、“蹬”、“踩”、“拔”、“拉”、“滑”、“搓”等技术,要求运动员掌握蹴侧旋球、回旋球等;战术上主要体现在围绕障碍柱设置障碍球以及利用障碍柱或本方球进攻等;④竞赛规则：改原规则“用脚底蹴球”、“穿平底运动鞋”为“用脚蹴球”、“可穿任何规格的运动鞋”。取消了部分不利于蹴球创新与发展的规则;⑤计分：增加本球击障碍柱、击本方球的计分方法。结果表明：创新后的蹴球比传统蹴球：①技术更细腻、更全面;②战术变化更多、更复杂;③更能体现运动员的心理素质和临场应变能力;④比赛过程更曲折、更精彩,趣味性、观赏性更强。