郭嵩焘:西方财政知识的早期传播者

郭嵩焘在出使西方期间，广泛考察西方财政税收情况。他认为，西方财政以便民为原则，处理好了利国与利民的关系；在财政收支活动中体现出重商主义政策；并认为西方国家的财税政策具有长远眼光。     

A comparative study of research capabilities of East Asian countries and implications for Vietnam

This paper presents a comparative study of research performance of 11 East and Southeast Asian countries based upon the total number of peer-refereed international publications (PRIP) per one million people (research intensity), the mean citation, and the contribution of domestic authors in PRIP production. Large gaps are observed within the region in the three above dimensions reflecting the disparities among countries in the levels of socio-economic development. Vietnam is among countries of low research intensity in the region having 9.3 PRIPs per one million people in 2008. Other weaknesses includes the heavy reliance on foreign authors, the low numbers of PRIPs on applied and multidisciplinary fields, and the modest contribution from Vietnamese universities in PRIP production. The paper suggests approaches that should be taken for enhancing research capability and reshaping science and higher education system in Vietnam.     

马克思主义财富观与“藏富于民”

现代社会中,无论是资本主义国家还是社会主义国家,其财富积累远没有达到马克思所设想的程度——社会财富按需分配.现代国家应该如何处理政府权力与财富分配之间的问题,经济学界存在“国富”与“民富”的争论.“藏富于民”是经济发展的必然要求,也是国家全面发展的保障.因此,国家在处理政府权力与财富分配的关系时,应坚持“藏富于民”的经济思想.     

The Probability for Unemployed Young People to Re-Enter Education or Employment: A comparative study in six Northern European countries

This article examines the return to education or employment of unemployed young people in Northern Europe. Comparative surveys of nearly 8600 unemployed young people in Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Denmark, Norway and Scotland enabled us to study the probability for unemployed young people to re-enter the educational system versus employment. The results showed that, in all countries, re-entering post-compulsory education was mainly dependent on educational capital, as defined by Bourdieu. The respondents' education, their parents' education and parents' support for their children's education had a strong impact on the probability of re-entering the educational system. Social capital, as defined by Coleman, increased the probability of re-entering employment, but had no impact on the probability of re-entering education. Most important, in most countries, young unemployed women had a higher probability of re-entering education than unemployed young men. There were also differences between countries. The results cannot only be explained by access to further education. In Iceland and Scotland, further education is less developed than in the other countries. However, 18% of the sample returned to education in Iceland, compared with only 3% in Scotland.     

The nature of counselling: An investigation of counselling activity inselected countries

The purpose of this study was to investigatecounselling as a process. It was conducted toexplore whether counselling is available invarious countries, even if it is known byanother name. This study examined the kinds ofhelp available to people with specificdifficulties. It sought to discern whether theways of helping include activities that mightbe thought of as counselling. As a way todiscover what forms of help might be availableto people in a given country, a series ofstressful incidents confronting one family ofaverage income living in a large town weredeveloped into a questionnaire format. Theseincidents were designed to stimulate thinkingand focus attention on possible help-givingsources. Data were collected from sources infifteen countries through interviews atinternational counselling conferences and withselected embassy officials in Washington, D.C.Interviews were also conducted in the UnitedKingdom, the United States, Costa Rica, andMalaysia. In addition, questionnaires were sentto experts knowledgeable about social welfareissues in a number of countries. The findingsfrom this investigation suggest thatcounselling as an activity or a process may betaking place under different names in differentcultures.     

英语委婉语在交际中的语用功能及表达方式

委婉语是一种间接的言语表达形式 ,是建立良好的人际关系 ,确保语言交际顺利进行的重要言语手段。对委婉语在交际中的语用功能和表达方式做一些探讨 ,有助于我们更深入地了解英语国家人们的思维方式、社会价值观、道德观以及文化风俗 ,对于提高自身的言语交际能力是十分必要的     

中泰哈尼阿卡人的文化异同比较研究

哈尼阿卡人分布在东南亚多个国家,它是跨境民族。其中分布在中泰两个国家的哈尼阿卡人都不同程度地受到主流文化的渗透,各自都具有了独特的文化,形成了文化差异。本文从生活习惯、意识形态、语言使用、取名特点、寨名使用等方面进行了比较研究。通过中泰哈尼/阿卡人的文化比较研究,分析其文化差异形成的原因,并对促进两国周边少数民族的友好发展提供一些建议。     

‘Just don’t tell them what’s in it’: Ethics,edible insects and sustainable food choice in schools

Supporting young people with global crises mitigation strategies is essential, yet loaded with ethical dilemmas for the educator. This study explores whether young people will make ethical decisions regarding the sustainability of food choice in schools, and based on the processes identified, what educators’ needs are in supporting transformative learning. This study is the first of its kind, where young people under the age of 14 have been tasting edible insects and discussing their role in a more sustainable diet. The article draws on mixed-method research with over 180 young people and their teachers in three schools in Wales and examines responses to a possible introduction of edible insects into school canteens. Highlighted is the complexity of sustainable food choices—likely to be identifiable with other young people and educators in western countries. The article considers how educators and policy makers may need to frame routes to positive sustainable action and the associated impacts these may have on personal, social, political and environmental spheres.     

境外艾滋病对构建云南边疆和谐社会的影响

艾滋病现在是人类最大的威胁,有人称它为没有硝烟、没有流血的第三次世界大战,这一点也不为过。艾滋病首先在西方国家发现后,不久就传播到世界各地,迄今为止已经夺去了几百万人的生命。艾滋病已经成为无国界的疾病。中国的艾滋病是从东南亚传过来的,对此,就东南亚地区艾滋病的历史现状及其对中国云南边疆构建和谐社会的影响做一简单阐述。     

养老保险制度改革的经济效应实证分析——55期生命周期一般均衡分析

养老保险制度作为社会保障制度的核心内容,对于保障老年人基本生活,维护社会稳定和经济正常运行发挥了巨大作用。但随着全球范围内人口老龄化进程的加快,各国家均面临不同程度的社会保障体系的财政危机,纷纷采取改革措施。通过建立一个55期生命周期一般均衡模型进行模拟演算,对社会养老保险制度改革所产生的经济效应加以分析和研究。     

救生艇中的生存：哈丁的南北政治观述评

救生艇理论是加勒特·哈丁（Garrett Hardin）所提出的有关全球环境恶化背景下的南北政治观。哈丁把南北国家（穷国和富国）隐喻为漂流在大海上的救生艇。当穷国的救生艇上的人处于危机状态向富国的救生艇求救时,哈丁认为,最理性的做法就是独自离去,谁也不救。以这个隐喻模型为依据,哈丁围绕南北关系论提出了反援助观,质疑和批评了世界银行的成立和所谓的绿色革命,阐述了执行关门主义移民政策的必要性与合理性。     

Talking about the Difference between Chinese and Western Rite in Food and Cloth

In recent days,with more and more frequent exchanges and communications between China and western countries,their different culture,including different rites is involved in each other.Some people think that western things are definitely much better than Chinese things,so they imitate them from every aspect.It is not good for them to do so because some western things fit for westerners more than for Chinese people.This paper endeavors to illustrate that Chinese people should properly absorb western culture through briefly introducing food and cloth culture in China and Western countries.     

Different Cultures but Similar Positive Attitudes: A Comparison between Thai and Swedish Nursing Students' Attitudes toward Older People

The proportion of elderly people in the world's population is growing. Thailand and Sweden have disparate cultural traditions of caring for older people, though both countries are facing a larger population of older people. Sweden and Thailand are involved in several cooperative projects and exchange programs for nursing students in this area, raising the questions of if and how the different cultures of gerontological care influence students’ attitudes in the issue. The aim of the study was to compare Swedish and Thai nursing students’ attitudes towards older people. A convenience sample of 241 Thai nursing students and 299 Swedish nursing students participated in the study. The Kogan's Old People Scale, a 34-item questionnaire, was used in this research. The questionnaire consists of 17 positive (OP+) statements and 17 negative (OP-) statements and uses a Likert scale. Concerning attitudes towards older people, there was no significant difference in Swedish and Thai students’ positive scores in the distribution across the groups. In contrast, these students did differ on negative scores across countries (p = .001). This was understood to be related to age; the Swedish students’ higher age was positively associated with their positive attitudes; as the age increased, the students’ scores were also higher. Attitudes towards older people are not only influenced by cultural values, norms, and social structures, they also have a foundation in gerontological knowledge and experiences. Education addressing cultural awareness of negative ageism should be incorporated into all aspects of education, not just gerontological courses.     

Learning technology and disability—Overcoming barriers to inclusion: Evidence from a multicountry study

The paper uses data from a 15-country study to discuss the factors which affect the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and learning technologies by disabled people and consequently their access to education. Significant differences were found both between and within countries: income and language were the main factors affecting availability. Thus, the greatest availability was in the higher income English-speaking countries and the richer European countries. The main barriers to technology use included cost, lack of funding and lack of information. A particular disparity in technology access was found between the English-speaking European population and Aboriginal speakers of indigenous languages in Australia, with considerably greater access by the former than the latter group. A number of recommendations are presented to increase access to learning and assistive technologies by disabled people. They include encouragement for developers to produce free of charge (minority language) technologies, research on more effective provision of technologies and personal assistance, assistive technology centres in all learning institutions, simple funding mechanisms and a fund to support technology provision in poorer countries.     

文化认同与东亚共同体的构建

欧洲一体化建设的成功使得越来越多的人关注区域共同体的建设,东亚共同体的构建也成为东亚国家众多有识之士的奋斗目标。但是,相对于欧洲一体化的成功,东亚共同体的构建却要艰难的多,主要原因之一就在于目前东亚各国缺乏文化上的认同。如果要想成功地实现东亚共同体的构建,文化认同是各国需要共同努力解决的一个重要问题。     

英汉文化中存在的“禁忌”比较

如果学习一种语言,就要了解其文化,就要了解相关语言及文化中存在的“禁忌”。“禁忌”是存在于所有的语言及文化中的一种现象。随着中美两国人民交往的日益频繁,为了帮助人们更好地进行交流和勾通,作者就中美两国语言文化中的“禁忌”作了一番简单的比较和概述,对学好英语,了解英语国家的历史和文化有一定的作用。     

人的自利性是否可以克服——从国际社会的发展状态谈科学社会主义的实现基础

当前困扰社会主义国家发展的一个重要问题就是政治体制问题,西方“民主国家“认为社会主义国家一党专政的体制是独裁和专制的体现,而社会主义国家认为西方“民主国家“的政治体制是选举政治和金钱政治,是有钱人的民主;其分歧的根本,在于人能不能克服自利本性,愿意为他人利益牺牲自己.通过国家在国际社会中的表现,类推人在社会中的表现,从而证明马克思主义者在实践科学社会主义的过程中是可以克服人的自利本性,解决政治体制难题的.     

在日朝鲜人的跨文化教育

随着世界各民族间的频繁接触，跨文化教育现象正逐步成为许多国家共同关注的一个热点问题。本文以生活在日本的朝鲜人为研究对象，对其民族文化教育兴起的历史背景、主要特点以及现状调查和采取的改善措施进行了简要的介绍和分析，以期为包括我国在内的世界跨文化教育研究提供一个参考个案。     

发达国家残疾人高等教育研究综述

对部分发达国家残疾人高等教育的发展现状和研究进行分析,发现立法有力地促进了发达国家残疾人高等教育的发展,发达国家残疾人高等教育的专业设置更利于残疾学生的就业选择,目前他们重点解决的两个核心问题是:加强建构以残疾学生个体为中心的教育支持与服务体系及做好中等教育到高等教育的衔接过渡,并结合国情对我国残疾人高等教育立法、专业设置、支持体系建设和师资培养提出建议。     

对美国、日本和中国预警机制现状的评述

突发公共事件是当今世界各国面临的共同威胁,但是,人类在防灾救灾方面仍然存在着一些缺陷。面对突发公共事件危机各国各政府都有自己的预警机制。尤其是一些发达国家建立了较为完善的预警机制,比如美国、日本等国的预警机制对于一些发展中国家建立预警机制有着重要的借鉴意义。中国在应对突发公共事件方面虽然存在着一些缺陷,但是,在建立应对突发公共事件预警机制方面,也进行了积极的探索和实践。