艾滋病疗法的评价及疗效的预测

本文针对治疗艾滋病的四种疗法,综合分析了与艾滋病发病密切相关的两种因子--CD4与HIV浓度变化的关系,从统计的角度出发,运用目前流行的MATLAB软件包和Excel,通过对各年龄层患者体内CD4和HIV浓度随治疗时间发生变化的关系以及治疗费用进行分析,对不同疗法的用药效果进行评价和预测.     

艾滋病疗法的评价及疗效的预测

对美国艾滋病医疗试验机构ACTG公布的两组数据进行分析,建立了对艾滋病疗法的评价及疗效的模型,对各方案的治疗效果作出了预测与评价,确定了最佳治疗终止时间.     

基于拟合函数的艾滋病治疗模型的评价

艾滋病的治疗方法很多,为了能够准确、及时、有效地治疗艾滋病,需要从众多的治疗方案中找到合适的一种,为此利用拟合函数、边际疗效和性价比建立了一个评价艾滋病疗法优劣的数学模型.并利用计算机中的数据库知识对该数学模型进行了分析,使它更接近现实生活中艾滋病的治疗.     

几种艾滋病疗法的评价及疗效预测的数学模型

艾滋病是当今对社会危害极大的一种疾病,各国都在积极寻找合适的治疗药物。根据美国艾滋病医疗试验机构ACTG公布的两组数据,在进行适当假设的前提下,通过建立合理的数学模型,得出了其中的ACTG320疗法的疗效评价及最佳治疗终止时间,193A中4种疗法的、以CD4为评判标准的优劣及最佳治疗终止时间,对最优疗效进行了预测。同时,对不发达国家的爱滋病病人的疗法选择提出了合理的建议。     

几种艾滋病疗法的评价及疗效预测的数学模型

艾滋病是当今对社会危害极大的一种疾病,各国都在积极寻找合适的治疗药物。根据美国艾滋病医疗试验机构ACTG公布的两组数据,在进行适当假设的前提下,通过建立合理的数学模型,得出了其中的ACTG320疗法的疗效评价及最佳治疗终止时间,193A中4种疗法的、以CD4为评判标准的优劣及最佳治疗终止时间,对最优疗效进行了预测。同耐,对不发达国家的爱滋病病人的疗法选择提出了合理的建议。     

基于艾滋病病例的疗法评价及疗效预测

根据ACTG公布的两组数据,对艾滋病疗法的疗效及其趋势进行了预测,采用总体回归模型得到了不同病情的病人最佳治疗终止时间,在评价四种疗法的优劣时考虑了整体评价及分年龄组评价两种方式,得到了一致的结论,并预测了较优疗法的最佳治疗终止时间．     

艾滋病疗法的评价及疗效的预测

预测了对艾滋病应用4种疗法继续治疗的效果,通过建立微分方程模型,求得最佳停止治疗的时间。综合比较各疗法的优劣并计算总费用,确定最佳疗法。     

艾滋病疗法的评价及疗效预测

本文研究了关于艾滋病的五种不同的治疗方法，对各种疗法的疗效进行了分析和预测，并为接受这些疗法的艾滋病患者提供最佳停药时间参考。运用概率统计、时间序列、单因素方差分析、最小二乘估计、最优化理论等数学知识和技巧建立了关于CD4和HIV浓度值的多变量时间序列自回归模型；单因素方差分析评价模型：预测第四种疗法疗效的对数——指数分布模型；以及考虑费用因数的各疗法综合评价的最优化模型等八个模型。根据对各模型的理论及数值、算法分析，利用MATLAB7．1、SPSS及EXCEL等数学应用软件对模型进行编程或处理，完整的解决了上述问题。主要结果如下 ：1．对zidovudine（齐多夫定），lamivudine（拉美夫定）和indinavir（茚地那韦）3种药物预测出了治疗的效果，并计算出最佳的停药时间为第40周左右。 2．通过三种不同的模型三、四、五评价后4种疗法的优劣，得出一致的结果，即第4种疗法最优，并用模型六得出此疗法停药的最佳周数为第45周左右。 3．在问题3的条件下运用模型八计算得出了各种疗法的治疗效果（表15），并与（2）中的结果进行了比较，通过本文的分析和结论，能够明确的得出5种艾滋病疗法的优劣，得出了各疗法的最佳停药时间，可为患者或有关机构的艾滋病疗法选择提供理论依据和有益的建议。     

简讯

□艾滋病基因疗法新突破●《新科学家》杂志美国科学家首次将经过基因改造的艾滋病病毒用于治疗中,取得了显著疗效。首批3名携带耐药型毒株的艾滋病患者接受了这种新的基因疗法。这一疗法的设计思想是利用一种修改过基因的艾滋病病毒,向被艾滋病病毒感染的免疫细胞传达一个反义基因。该基因被整合到免疫细胞的基因组中,当艾滋病病毒感染免疫细胞时,反义基因便会启动,并产生一种反义核糖核酸,正好与免疫细胞中编码艾滋病病毒蛋白质的核糖核酸互补。理论上,这两种核糖核酸将结合在一起,阻止病毒的复制。进行这项实验的是美国马里兰州一家名为…     

艾滋病疗法的评价及疗效预测模型

利用数学模型方法,对艾滋病治疗终止时间和添加了药物价格前后疗法的评价进行了研究．结果表明：随着疗效满意度的变化,艾滋病治疗终止时间也随之变化,在疗效满意度为0．85～0．9的情况下,终止时间为第35～51周;仅以CD4为标准,得到四种疗法疗效优劣依次为疗法四〉疗法二〉疗法三〉疗法一;在满意度为0．85～0．9之间时,疗法四的终止时间为第40—45周;在添加了药物的价格因素后,疗法三最适合不发达国家,而疗法四最适合发达国家．     

艾滋病传播数学模型的建立与分析

众所周知,艾滋病对中国社会带来了重要的影响.给出了艾滋病的数学模型,并讨论了其解的存在性和稳定性.同时,给出了人口增长与人口流动对艾滋病传播的影响模型,所得结果对我国今后在预防和控制艾滋病的传播方面带来一定的参考价值.     

艾滋病社会心理问题的复杂性研究

艾滋病作为一种传染病对现代社会和人们心理带来巨大影响,其严重的社会心理问题的产生原因主要来自人们对艾滋病的恐惧和社会文化传播的负面影响.面对人们在决策时害怕风险的心理,通过全社会共同努力,形成一种人性关爱的文化,从而解决艾滋病的社会心理问题,将艾滋病带来的伤害降到最低.     

Addressing educational needs of children with HIV/AIDS

With the increased occurrence of HIV and AIDS among children, the education system of countries is particularly burdened as these children survive into adulthood and beyond, as anti-retroviral regimens are increasingly effective in prolonging life. One of the most challenging problems presented to educators, when confronted with the growing HIV/AIDS school population, is the planning of education programmes based on these children's information-processing strengths, but also taking into account HIV/AIDS related cognitive restraints. An education-focused response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic requires a clear understanding of medical and neuropsychological effects of HIV/AIDS-related illness on cognition and residual learning difficulties, as well as a clear understanding of the educational needs of these learners. The impact of medical conditions such as HIV encephalopathy or encephalitis (also know as the AIDS dementia complex), subcortical dementia, cranial calcifications, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), cerebrovascular disease, progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML), white matter disease, toxoplasmosis, syphilis, meningitis and ophthalmic problems leading to educational difficulties are discussed. From this information we propose an instructional delivery framework for children with HIV/AIDS and argue the importance of addressing the educational needs of this growing population of children. A broad multidisciplinary approach is essential if we are to understand the complexity of the pandemic and respond to it.     

‘I don’t want to catch it’. Boys,girls and sexualities in an HIV/AIDS environment

This paper examines young South African school children’s understanding of HIV/AIDS. Based on ethnographic work in two schools in Greater Durban, it explores the impact of HIV/AIDS on the ways in which gender and sexuality are articulated against the backdrop of race and class specific contexts. The first part of the paper examines the children’s discourses of sex, sexuality and HIV/AIDS. We show that young children’s meanings of sex, sexuality and are not straightforward and are actively produced and defined through a range of social processes. These processes shape the extent to which young children experience sexuality within discourses of fear and pleasure. Young children’s meanings of HIV/AIDS are explored in the second part of the paper. Here we show how their knowledge of HIV/AIDS is socially structured through class/race and gender and these forms of social relations provide the framing and reference points for children’s constructions of meanings around HIV/AIDS. We finish the paper by raising some theoretical and practical/political questions about the implications of what we have found for HIV/AIDS education in South Africa.     

对在校大学生艾滋病宣传教育效果的调查研究

随着艾滋病在我国的蔓延,经性传播感染艾滋病病毒的高学历人群比例显著增加,在校大学生应该成为预防艾滋病重点人群.本文通过对广东6所高校在校大学生的问卷调查发现:在校大学生的艾滋病相关知识认知度偏低,艾滋病相关态度较为积极,艾滋病相关行为风险性较高;同时由于在校大学生对艾滋病的知识与态度具有显著相关性,且不同的宣传途径对相关的知识、态度、行为的影响不同;因此艾滋病预防教育需要学校、媒体、社会等多方面的配合,政府在其中应起协调和促进作用.     

Writing in policy,writing out lives

In this paper we argue that education policy on HIV and AIDS is policy about life. As such, the contexts and the realities of teachers and learners in the classroom need to be embedded in the policy. We make a case that HIV and AIDS policy needs to extend beyond the prevention mode to one that includes care and support in the policy context. Through the stories of three HIV positive teachers in Zimbabwean primary schools, we show the real people and the real bodies that inhabit the classrooms where policy seeks to find expression. In so doing we illustrate that policy on HIV and AIDS in Zimbabwe is blind to the lives and contexts of teachers and learners.     

Visualizing the politics of innocence in the age of AIDS

We are concerned with the ways in which social constructions of age can contribute to reducing or exacerbating the vulnerability of young people, and for this reason we refer to the issue as one of ‘the politics of innocence’. The focus of this paper is on gender, youth and HIV prevention/AIDS awareness in the context of South Africa and investigates the uses (and abuses) of images of ‘childhood’, ‘youth’ and ‘adolescence’ in the age of AIDS. Notwithstanding the particular case of South Africa where the incidence of new cases of HIV infection amongst young people is at crisis proportions, the impetus for our work on the visual representations of youth, gender and AIDS comes out of a recognition of the increasing risk of youth to sexually transmitted infections, HIV and AIDS, and within that the particular vulnerability, worldwide, of young women.     

Innocent Victims, Fighter Cells, and White Uncles: A Discourse Analysis of Children’s Books about AIDS

In this article, we examine a set of 26 children’s books on HIV/AIDS published between 1989–1999 to identify the ways in which these texts construct HIV/AIDS and people living with HIV/AIDS. We explore how this marginalized group is depicted in these books, and how well-meaning teachers may in fact be reproducing dominant discourses about HIV/AIDS in their curricula. In this article we focus, in particular, on how the discourses connected to public health, medicine, and secrecy (as a discourse across many institutions) are filtered to children and take part in constructing their beliefs and assumptions about HIV/AIDS. We illustrate our argument with examples from the books and show why teachers need to know how to analyze texts they select for their curricula so as to read books about HIV/AIDS critically in the classroom. Megan Blumenreich is Assistant Professor of Childhood Education at The City College of New York, City University of New York. Her research interests focus on urban schooling, poststructuralist approaches to qualitative research, and teacher education. She is the coauthor of The Power of Questions: A Guide to Teacher and Student Research (Heineman, 2005). Marjorie Siegel is Associate Professor and Chair of the Department of Curriculum and Teaching at Teachers College, Columbia University. Her research interests include transmediation and multimodality in literacy education, content area literacies, and literacies and technologies. She is the coauthor of Reading Counts: Expanding the role of reading in mathematics classrooms (Teachers College, 2000). M. Himley, “Teaching the rhetoric of AIDS: Blurring the boundaries.”     

回归分析方法预测某市HIV／AIDS流行趋势的应用研究

根据疾病预防控制中心提供的数据,应用回归分析的方法,建立了某市HIV／AIDS逐年新增人数预测模型和经性传播HIV／AIDS新增人数预测模型,并分析得出该市未来3年HIV／AIDS的发展趋势：HIV／AIDS新增人数逐年趋于平稳,但是仍有上升的迹象;经性传播HIV／AIDS新增人数比例逐年上升且速度较快,性传播HIV／AIDS已逐渐成为该市HIV／AIDS传播的主要途径。     

祥云县2004年至2011年HIV／AIDS流行特征分析

目的：掌握祥云县HIV／AIDS流行趋势,为制订防控措施提供依据。方法：利用描述流行病学方法分析祥云县2004年至2011年报告的祥云籍HIV／AIDS疫情资料。结果：2004年至2011年祥云县共报告祥云籍HIV／AIDS389例,年平均报告率10．6。1／10万,死亡58例;其发病率的分布特征为：2004年至2007年呈快速增长趋势,2008年至2010年趋于平缓;县城高于坝区,坝区高于山区;男性（14．62／10万,年均）大于女性（6．89／10万,年均）,两者差异有统计学意义（X％36．82,P〈0．05）,在男性和女性中的比例为2．27：1;以20~40~为主,占79．69％;以农民（293例）为主,占82-4％;以初中以下学历为主,占97．13％;以非婚性接触和静脉吸毒为主,分别占病例总数的45．76％、38．56％。结论：祥云县艾滋病疫情经过实施全球基金艾滋病控制项目后,疫情已得到初步遏制。由于HIV／AIDS疫情的复杂性,感染途径的多样性,必须加强对艾滋病防治知识宣传,提高全民预防艾滋病的意识;重点应对农民、待业青年开展宣传和教育,加强对流动人口的管理;进一步完善咨询检测网络,提高艾滋病的发现,以有效控制艾滋病的蔓延。