教师专业实践能力的三维构成

教师专业实践能力在本质上是社会建构的,而教师是其中的关键建构者。教师视角中的专业实践能力是对教师专业实践的最真切表达,体现了教师对专业生活的反思性理解和有意义建构。研究表明,教师所理解的专业实践能力主要由三个维度构成:受限的、扩展的和元能力。该能力架构折射出当前教师教育中理论与实践的隔阂、限制的和扩展的专业实践能力间的张力等若干值得关注的问题。     

对教师职业属性和教师素质结构的再认识——基于教师专业化的视角

人们关于教师职业属性及其素质内涵的认识分歧,从根本上影响和制约着教师专业化发展的实践进程,以及教师教育体制、模式和路径的选择。适应教师专业化成长需要,必须进一步明确教师职业的专业属性,注重、强化教师职业素质的培养,以及教师职业素质培养的综合性。师范院校要注意继承传统、凸显优势,发挥教师教育的\"本体\"功能;完善\"混合制\"教育模式,增强教师人才培养的适应性;加强\"教学的学术\"研究,提高教师教育的学术地位。     

Student teachers’ professional identity: A review of research contributions

Twenty-two empirical studies on student teachers' professional identity were selected for this review. In this paper we present important implications for current and future research on student teachers' professional identity by focusing on the discussion of key-issues associated with it. We also discuss the studies’ contributions and implications for initial teacher education and future research. Based on this discussion, we present a working definition of professional identity and consider which are the current emerging research issues.     

Hindu,Muslim and Sikh religious education teachers’ use of personal life knowledge: the relationship between biographies,professional beliefs and practice

The article reports the findings of a qualitative study of Hindu, Muslim and Sikh teachers of religious education and the relationship between their biographies, professional beliefs and use of personal life knowledge in English, secondary school classrooms. This relationship was explored through a study of five beginning teachers and provided evidence of the role that their personal knowledge played in enabling them to support the learning of pupils in white majority and Muslim majority state schools. It also indicated the need for teacher education courses to provide opportunities for teachers to explore the relationship between their personal and professional lives and the potential dilemmas and dangers of sharing their personal knowledge and experiences with pupils. In the context of international concern to identify criteria for selecting beginning teachers, the article highlights the importance of initiatives aimed at increasing the ethnic/religious diversity of the teaching force.     

Pre-service and in-service teachers’ beliefs about teaching and learning chemistry in Turkey

This paper describes beliefs held about teaching and learning chemistry by Turkish teachers and student-teachers. The study investigated different aspects of pre-service and in-service teachers’ belief structures. Part of the study examined teachers’ overall beliefs, based on participants’ drawings of classroom situations. A qualitative evaluation was employed to offer information on (student-)teachers’ beliefs about classroom organisation, their beliefs about teaching objectives, and their stance on epistemological beliefs. Beliefs ranged from very traditional, teacher-centred ideas to modern, student-centred ones. Data evaluation was triangulated using a quantitative approach, which focused on whether beliefs were characterised by either teacher-centredness or learner-centredness. Additionally, a Likert questionnaire was used to evaluate the educators` beliefs about the nature of good education. The results for the group of participants are presented and compared. Implications for chemistry teacher education in Turkey will also be addressed.     

Novice teachers as organisational people: expectations of a professional work environment,collegiality, recognition and respect

This study introduces a model of novice teachers’ expectations together with supporting empirical evidence. The model is sectorial, distinguishing novice teachers’ expectations according to their reciprocal relations with their partners in the school. The study investigated 237 teachers attending internship programmes at five large teachers training colleges in Israel, using a self‐report questionnaire. The findings revealed that: (1) the expectations of novice teachers are based on a sectorial organisational view of the school, as proposed by role theory; (2) novice teachers have very high expectations of their organisational work environment; and (3) their highest expectations are for public recognition of the importance of teaching, while the lowest expectations are for receiving support and backing from the partners in the educational process. The article discusses novice teachers’ views of their function as organisational people and of the school as an arena for developing and nurturing their organisational selves.     

中小学教师专业化实践困境分析

教师社会化客观上要求教师专业化,中小学教师在专业化过程遇到一些短期无法彻底解决的问题,致使教师专业化进程趋于停滞。本文从对专业化取向负面强调、行政权力对专业权力的侵蚀、教育理论与实践的疏离、职后学习进修的低效、教师筛选机制缺陷、教师经济地位下降等六个方面分析困境及其成因,试图寻找能化解困境的有效策略。     

学校本位教师专业发展的时代意蕴与推进路径

高质量的教育亟需高质量的教师专业发展。学校本位教师专业发展在发展场域、发展要素和发展保障等层面深度契合教师专业高质量发展的时代诉求,强调学校作为教师专业发展的主体场域、突出学校促进教师专业发展的实践品性、注重专业教师和专业学校的融合共生,彰显了浓厚的时代意蕴。但在具体实践中,学校本位教师专业发展则面临主体角色迷失、目标定位失衡、课程支撑不力、评价导向不强、内生动力不足等现实问题。突破现有困境须以学校为主体,从更新主体观念、构建进阶目标、优化课程体系、改进教师评价及完善保障制度等层面深度推进学校本位教师专业发展,提升教师专业发展的优质性。     

信息技术职前教师专业发展途径探究

职前教师专业发展是教师终身专业发展的基础阶段,为了促进信息技术职前教师专业发展,探究信息技术职前教师专业发展途径。提出改革与教师专业发展不适应的课程设置,培养教师自主专业发展意识,改革和拓展信息技术教学论教学,加强教育实践和教育研究,从而加速职前教师的成长和发展。     

师范阶段教师专业素养发展目标及达成方式的调查与启示

对400多名骨干教师的调查表明:一线教师对师范阶段教师专业素养的达成度具有很高的预期;一线教师对各子成分的预期达成度存在一定的差异,达成度从高到低排序依次是专业品德、职业技能、专业情感、通用能力、专业知识、专业理念、专业能力;一线教师注重专业素养达成方式的实践性,对于7个一级指标,选择了\"理论学习+实践感悟\"这一方式的被调查者比例最高。为此,建议:提高认识,重视专业素养的达成度;坚持素养发展导向,进行课程的统整设计;鼓励参与,加强教学活动的实践性;注重整合,提升学习任务的综合性;循序渐进,关注目标达成的渐进性。当然,高等院校也应注意适度的平衡,并加强与中小学校的沟通,寻求实践者的理解。     

Contested discourses of teacher professionalism: current tensions between education policy and teachers’ union

This article addresses constructions and redefinitions of teacher professionalism by focusing on the discursive negotiations between the government and the teachers’ union in Norway. Based on an examination of three white papers on teacher education from the past 15?years and policy documents put forth by the Union of Education Norway during the past decade, the authors argue that new constructions of teacher professionalism are produced both by the government and from within the teachers’ union. However, there are differences between the government and the teachers’ union concerning what the main aspects of teacher professionalism are. The government emphasises teacher accountability, research-based practice and specialisation. By contrast, the teachers’ union highlights research-informed practice, responsibility for educational quality and professional ethics. There are three main areas of discursive struggle focused by the teachers’ union: the resistance to accountability policies, the redefining of research-based practice and the lengthening of teacher education. The authors argue that the teachers’ union is adopting an increasingly more active approach, thereby also challenging the idea that the teachers’ union is less interested in developing and taking responsibility for the quality of school education.     

美国AP教师专业发展的特点及其启示

美国AP课程自实施以来取得巨大成就,研究人员将其归功于优异的教师专业发展。在美国大学理事会组织下,AP教师专业发展注重方式多样化、教师个体间协助以及发挥网络互动作用,使AP教师适应了AP课程教学,提升了学生AP考试成绩,促进学生学业能力发展。AP教师专业发展策略不仅可以为中国大学先修课程实施培养优秀教师提供借鉴,而且可供我国教师专业发展学习参考。     

Research on peer coaching in preservice teacher education – A review of literature

This study reviewed eight studies selected from the ERIC and Education Complete databases covering the years 1997 through 2007. The goals of this study were to identify similarities and differences of peer coaching and to examine its feasibility and challenges in preservice teacher education. The four similarities among the studies identified are (i) study participants, (ii) coaching relationships, (iii) coaching duration, and (iv) coaching strategies. The differences identified were in relation to the following four areas: (i) the purposes of peer coaching, (ii) the nature of the field-based experiences of the programmes, (iii) the training for peer coaching, and (iv) the effects of peer coaching. Peer coaching appears to possess unique advantages and have much value for preservice teacher education. How barriers to the comprehensive recognition of peer coaching could be eliminated in preservice teacher education is also discussed.     

师范院校培养创造型教师的价值、困境及对策

创造型教师是创新型国家发展战略的需要,是教育履行自身责任的需要,也是促进人的全面发展的需要。但是,师范院校培养创造型教师还面临着诸多理念、制度和机制方面的障碍。为此,师范院校应当加强教师教育者专业培训、完善学校内部治理机制、建设创造型教师教育课程体系,以及搭建创造型教师教育实践平台,为创造型教师的专业成长提供更适宜的条件和环境。     

促进师范生实践性知识发展的课程开发研究——以高师信息技术教学法课程的设计与实施为例

我国教师教育课程的突出问题是理论与实践的割裂,为促进信息技术教育专业的师范生实践性知识的发展,作者尝试在高师信息技术教学法课程中实施全新的课程设计,将\"真实问题\"、\"可操作的\"项目、\"大学-中小学合作\"的学习环境和\"反思性行动\"四要素融入课程教学,完成信息技术教育专业师范生实践性知识的发展。     

We train,but what do they think? Preservice teachers’ perceptions of the adequacy of their teacher education in Turkey

The study aimed to assess the adequacy of pre-service teacher education in Turkey as perceived by preservice teachers. Specifically, the researchers investigated preservice teachers’ perceptions of the adequateness of their education in terms of developing teaching skills and the major components of teacher education. The factors affecting their perceptions were also examined. In total, 1856 preservice teachers participated in the study. A questionnaire was prepared to collect data from the participants. According to the findings, teacher education should be enhanced in terms of preparing candidates for skills such as teaching in different contexts and cooperating with parents; and practicum hours needed to be improved for more effective preparation of preservice teachers. Moreover, it was also found that the preservice teachers’ subject, college, orientation towards teaching and the perceived adequacy of program components played significant roles in affecting their perceptions of teacher education.     

特殊教育教师职业认同现状调查研究

教师职业认同是从积极心理学角度来探讨教师对其职业的适应状态。提高教师职业认同,有利于促进教师师资队伍稳定发展。在此目的下,通过自编问卷调查了江苏、天津、广州、成都等地区特殊教育教师的职业认同水平,发现性别、教龄、任课年级、收入状况、学校类型等因素上教师职业认同水平都有一定的差异。根据研究结果提出建议：把职业认同作为教师教育的主要内容,关注教师心理健康教育,加大对特殊教育教师的支持与保障。     

高校教师顺应教育信息化发展的思考

教育信息化的发展为转变教育观念、革新教育内容和方法、改革教育管理模式带来了新的机遇。教师作为教育教学的主体之一,只有不断更新教育观念,及时掌握、运用现代教育技术,提高教学信息能力,改变教学方式、扩充教学内容,才能适应教育信息化的发展需要。